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Neurological Assessment Skills For Acute Care Nursing Staff, Kathleen Libke Jan 2025

Neurological Assessment Skills For Acute Care Nursing Staff, Kathleen Libke

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The ability to perform a rapid and comprehensive neurological assessment is an important tool for the nurse at the bedside when a patient has changes in their neurological state. According to the American Heart Association, it is essential for the bedside nurse to ensure they have the necessary skills to improve recovery, survival, and quality of life when experiencing changing neurological symptoms. The focus of this project was to answer the question of whether a self-learning staff education program on neurological assessment increases staff knowledge towards the ultimate goal of increasing competence when conducting a focused neurological assessment. The project …


Enhancing Patient Understanding And Engagement Through The Ask Me 3 Teach-Back Method, Ria Thomas Jan 2025

Enhancing Patient Understanding And Engagement Through The Ask Me 3 Teach-Back Method, Ria Thomas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Effective nursing communication considers health literacy, which is the patient’s ability to understand and make health decisions based on the information given. Effective staff education is critical in how well the staff can educate patients. Nurses must help ensure that patients and their families understand and can apply health care information. In an adult psychiatric unit, there was low compliance for patients following up with the community resources to which they were referred. This staff education project aimed to teach the Ask Me 3 teach-back method to increase staff knowledge and improve how they teach and engage patients in understanding …


The Diamond, January 27, 2025, Dordt University Jan 2025

The Diamond, January 27, 2025, Dordt University

Dordt Diamond

  • Front Page: Sioux Center Receives $9,300 Tourism Grant for Website; Dordt University Announces New Leadership in Cabinet as John Baas Steps Down; Until All Is Made New: Dordt University's Directional Vision Displayed in New Tagline
  • News: A City in Ashes: A Look at the Wake of L.A. Area Wildfires; Dordt Student Pulls Some Strings for Dordt University's First Archery Club; Defender Athletics Sponsored by Nike Inc.; Dr. Rose Passes the Orchestra Baton to Mrs. Smit
  • Feature: AMOR 2024: Making Connections in Nicaragua; Dr. David J. Mulder: "Always Becoming, Never Arriving"; Republicans Club Seeks to Renew Political Discussion …


Butte Reclamation Evaluation System Corrective Action Plans For Reclaimed Sites - 2024 Bres Site Specific Corrective Action Plans For Quadrant 1, Butte-Silver Bow Department Of Reclamation And Environmental Services Jan 2025

Butte Reclamation Evaluation System Corrective Action Plans For Reclaimed Sites - 2024 Bres Site Specific Corrective Action Plans For Quadrant 1, Butte-Silver Bow Department Of Reclamation And Environmental Services

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


Lived Experience Of African American Males Upon Community Reentry Postincarceration In California, Dan Ugochukwu Duru Jan 2025

Lived Experience Of African American Males Upon Community Reentry Postincarceration In California, Dan Ugochukwu Duru

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Lived Experience of African American Males Upon Community Reentry Postincarceration in California by Dan Ugochukwu Duruobishiri MS, Walden University, 2021 MA, National University, La Jolla, California, 2004 BS, California State University, Long Beach, 1998 AS, El Camino College Torrance, California, 1995 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology Walden University October, 2024 The research on the experiences of African American Black males in the criminal justice system has been a focus of scholars since the early 20th century. Researchers have demonstrated that this population faces high rates of incarceration …


A Qualitative Exploration Of The Milwaukee Chapter Of My Brother’S Keeper Community Challenge Program, Courtney Santanna Hayward Jan 2025

A Qualitative Exploration Of The Milwaukee Chapter Of My Brother’S Keeper Community Challenge Program, Courtney Santanna Hayward

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although the mayor of Milwaukee and other stakeholders launched and committed resources to the My Brother’s Keeper (MBK) program, it was unclear whether the program was meeting its goal of increasing graduation rates and college readiness of young Black males in Milwaukee. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore administrators’ perspectives on whether the current funding resources of the MBK program in Milwaukee were adequate to ensure the program’s ability to meet its goal of increasing graduation rates and college readiness of its participants. Resource dependence theory and the teleological process theory guided the study. Braun and …


Assessing The Influence Of An Eastern State's Disciplinary Alternative Education Program On Secondary Student Behavior, Alicia Michelle Gallaway Jan 2025

Assessing The Influence Of An Eastern State's Disciplinary Alternative Education Program On Secondary Student Behavior, Alicia Michelle Gallaway

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Services at the local disciplinary alternative education program (DAEP) include counseling and behavioral services to referred secondary students, aiming to improve their behavior. The problem addressed in this quantitative study was that a DAEP was in place in the local district since 2009, but there had been no formal assessment to determine whether differences in student discipline occurred in the semester before and the semester after students attended the DAEP. Guided by Bandura’s social cognitive theory, the purpose of this ex post facto, causal-comparative, quasi-experimental study was to investigate if there was a difference in student discipline as measured by …


Religious Identity, Sexual Identity, And Internalized Homophobia In Adults Who Have Deidentified From Christianity, Kevin Roum Jan 2025

Religious Identity, Sexual Identity, And Internalized Homophobia In Adults Who Have Deidentified From Christianity, Kevin Roum

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Over the past three decades, the percentage of the United States population that identifies as Christian has dropped significantly. At the same time, the level of acceptance of gay, lesbian, and bisexual identities has increased. However, this overall acceptance does not necessarily lead to an acceptance of these identities within specific Christian communities, leading to gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals having contradictory experiences between their Christian upbringing and secular society. Individuals who no longer identify as Christian after being so raised may experience additional dissonance as their sexuality identity conflicts with the teachings they were raised to believe yet no …


Strategies To Manage Supply Chain Disruptions In The Aircraft Manufacturing Industry, Tanya V. Payne Jan 2025

Strategies To Manage Supply Chain Disruptions In The Aircraft Manufacturing Industry, Tanya V. Payne

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Supply chain disruptions result in reduced organizational productivity. Supply chain leaders in the aircraft manufacturing industry who cannot manage supply chain disruptions risk financial losses from reduced organizational productivity. Grounded in Lewin’s change management theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to explore strategies aircraft manufacturing industry supply chain leaders use to manage disruption in the supply chain process to maximize organizational productivity. The participants were six supply chain leaders from Fortune 500 aircraft manufacturing companies located in South Carolina and California who successfully managed disruption in the supply chain disruptions to enhance productivity. Data were collected …


Neurological Assessment Skills For Acute Care Nursing Staff, Kathleen Libke Jan 2025

Neurological Assessment Skills For Acute Care Nursing Staff, Kathleen Libke

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The ability to perform a rapid and comprehensive neurological assessment is an important tool for the nurse at the bedside when a patient has changes in their neurological state. According to the American Heart Association, it is essential for the bedside nurse to ensure they have the necessary skills to improve recovery, survival, and quality of life when experiencing changing neurological symptoms. The focus of this project was to answer the question of whether a self-learning staff education program on neurological assessment increases staff knowledge towards the ultimate goal of increasing competence when conducting a focused neurological assessment. The project …


Depression Screening, Heather Apling Rowell Jan 2025

Depression Screening, Heather Apling Rowell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Depression is a common but serious mood disorder and healthcare professionals need to include depression screening during routine health visits. The gap in practice at a primary care clinic was the lack of routine screening and the lack of knowledge of the medical assistant staff in conducting and documenting depression screening. The purpose of this project was to develop, implement, and evaluate an education program on depression screening and appropriate documentation in the patient’s electronic medical record (EMR). The practice-focused question centered on whether healthcare staff demonstrated increased knowledge of depression screening and how to appropriately document in the patient’s …


Enhancing Patient Understanding And Engagement Through The Ask Me 3 Teach-Back Method, Ria Thomas Jan 2025

Enhancing Patient Understanding And Engagement Through The Ask Me 3 Teach-Back Method, Ria Thomas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Effective nursing communication considers health literacy, which is the patient’s ability to understand and make health decisions based on the information given. Effective staff education is critical in how well the staff can educate patients. Nurses must help ensure that patients and their families understand and can apply health care information. In an adult psychiatric unit, there was low compliance for patients following up with the community resources to which they were referred. This staff education project aimed to teach the Ask Me 3 teach-back method to increase staff knowledge and improve how they teach and engage patients in understanding …


Staff Education To Increase Awareness And Readiness Of Clinicians To Use The Clinical Decision Support For Immunization (Cdsi) Tool, Lemlem Erketa Ejo Jan 2025

Staff Education To Increase Awareness And Readiness Of Clinicians To Use The Clinical Decision Support For Immunization (Cdsi) Tool, Lemlem Erketa Ejo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Accurate evaluation and forecasting of immunization and ensuring the right vaccines are administered at the right time are essential for the success of immunization programs. Interpreting the clinically written Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice (ACIP) recommendations by individual clinicians is time-consuming and complex, increasing the risk of misinterpretation, inconsistent practice, and inaccurate immunization evaluation and forecasting. Thus, the purpose of this project is to introduce clinicians at the selected project site to an evidence based clinical decision support tool and evaluate participants readiness to utilize the tool. Staff education on the clinical decision support for immunization (CDSi) tool was conducted …


Pediatric Immunization Program To Lessen The Lack Of Services In Rural Communities, Shannon London Nowiski Jan 2025

Pediatric Immunization Program To Lessen The Lack Of Services In Rural Communities, Shannon London Nowiski

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The lack of resources in rural communities encourages new programs to improve outcomes in health and wellness. This project aimed to reduce the vaccination barriers of transportation and time by bringing vaccines to the children in the existing medical clinic. The purpose of this doctor of nursing practice project was the development of a sustainable vaccination program for rural communities. The practice-focused question was: Can a community team develop a sustainable plan to provide education and the provision of vaccines in a rural community? This included proposing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for providers regarding the education of patients, families, and …


Depression Screening, Heather Apling Rowell Jan 2025

Depression Screening, Heather Apling Rowell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Depression is a common but serious mood disorder and healthcare professionals need to include depression screening during routine health visits. The gap in practice at a primary care clinic was the lack of routine screening and the lack of knowledge of the medical assistant staff in conducting and documenting depression screening. The purpose of this project was to develop, implement, and evaluate an education program on depression screening and appropriate documentation in the patient’s electronic medical record (EMR). The practice-focused question centered on whether healthcare staff demonstrated increased knowledge of depression screening and how to appropriately document in the patient’s …


Pediatric Immunization Program To Lessen The Lack Of Services In Rural Communities, Shannon London Nowiski Jan 2025

Pediatric Immunization Program To Lessen The Lack Of Services In Rural Communities, Shannon London Nowiski

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The lack of resources in rural communities encourages new programs to improve outcomes in health and wellness. This project aimed to reduce the vaccination barriers of transportation and time by bringing vaccines to the children in the existing medical clinic. The purpose of this doctor of nursing practice project was the development of a sustainable vaccination program for rural communities. The practice-focused question was: Can a community team develop a sustainable plan to provide education and the provision of vaccines in a rural community? This included proposing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for providers regarding the education of patients, families, and …


Exploring The Integration Of Artificial Intelligence In Math Education: Preservice Teachers’ Experiences And Reflections On Problem-Posing Activities With Chatgpt, Young Rae Kim, Mi Sun Park, Eunmi Joung Jan 2025

Exploring The Integration Of Artificial Intelligence In Math Education: Preservice Teachers’ Experiences And Reflections On Problem-Posing Activities With Chatgpt, Young Rae Kim, Mi Sun Park, Eunmi Joung

All Faculty Scholarship (Archived)

This study addresses the need for research that incorporates educational perspectives and theories to understand the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on learning and teaching. Utilizing AI-integrated mathematical problem-posing (AIM) activities and the AI-powered scaffolding (AIS) strategy, the research investigated preservice teachers’ (PTs’) experiences with AI and their capacity for error recognition and correction in problems posed by ChatGPT. The findings reveal that while the PTs excelled at verifying error-free problems, they struggled significantly with identifying and correcting errors, indicating a gap in their instructional preparedness. The study demonstrates that AIM activities are effective tools for assessing and developing PTs’ …


Expanding Health Insurance For Formerly Incarcerated People, Benjamin Barsky, James R. Jolin, Meredith B. Rosenthal Jan 2025

Expanding Health Insurance For Formerly Incarcerated People, Benjamin Barsky, James R. Jolin, Meredith B. Rosenthal

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


Module 1 Student Workbook, Karon Klipple, Cheryl Hedden Jan 2025

Module 1 Student Workbook, Karon Klipple, Cheryl Hedden

Module 1 Workbook

No abstract provided.


Module 2 Exam Questions, Karon Klipple, Cheryl Hedden Jan 2025

Module 2 Exam Questions, Karon Klipple, Cheryl Hedden

Module 2 Assessments

Use only class notes and assignments and NOT computers, Internet and calculator.


Module 2 - Student Workbook, Karon Klipple, Cheryl Hedden Jan 2025

Module 2 - Student Workbook, Karon Klipple, Cheryl Hedden

Module 2 Workbook

No abstract provided.


Naphthalene Decomposition On Fe(110)─Adsorption, Dehydrogenation, Surface Carbon Formation And The Influence Of Coadsorbed Oxygen, Lea Hohmann, Franzika Dahlmann, Giorgio Bruno Braghin, Léonie Laviron, Layal Hussein, Jakob Martinez, Anton Harrer, Haley Robertson, Jona Guiborat, Xiaoming Hu, Jonas Weissenrieder, Klas Engvall, Jerry Larue, Tony Hansson, Mats Göthelid, Amirreza Ghassami, Dan J. Harding, Henrik ÖStröm Jan 2025

Naphthalene Decomposition On Fe(110)─Adsorption, Dehydrogenation, Surface Carbon Formation And The Influence Of Coadsorbed Oxygen, Lea Hohmann, Franzika Dahlmann, Giorgio Bruno Braghin, Léonie Laviron, Layal Hussein, Jakob Martinez, Anton Harrer, Haley Robertson, Jona Guiborat, Xiaoming Hu, Jonas Weissenrieder, Klas Engvall, Jerry Larue, Tony Hansson, Mats Göthelid, Amirreza Ghassami, Dan J. Harding, Henrik ÖStröm

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Tar is an undesirable byproduct of biomass gasification, which can be removed through catalytic reforming to syngas components. Iron is a promising, abundant alternative to highly active but toxic nickel catalysts. The results observed so far in catalytic studies with iron have been mixed. In this paper, the decomposition of naphthalene, a representative model compound of tar, was studied on the catalytic Fe(110) surface using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Napthalene adsorption, dehydrogenation and the formation of surface carbon were investigated, as well as the influence of oxygen. In comparison with previous …


Tfap2e Is Implicated In Central Nervous System, Orofacial And Maxillofacial Anomalies, Jeshurun C Kalanithy, Enrico Mingardo, Jil D Stegmann, Ramgopal Dhakar, Tikam Chand Dakal, Jill A Rosenfeld, Wen-Hann Tan, Stephanie A Coury, Audrey C Woerner, Jessica Sebastian, Paul A Levy, Leah R Fleming, Lea Waffenschmidt, Tobias T Lindenberg, Öznur Yilmaz, Khadija Channab, Bimaljeet K Babra, Andrea Christ, Britta Eiberger, Selina Hölzel, Clara Vidic, Felix Häberlein, Nina Ishorst, Juan E Rodriguez-Gatica, Behnaz Pezeshkpoor, Patrick A Kupczyk, Olivier M Vanakker, Sara Loddo, Antonio Novelli, Maria L Dentici, Albert Becker, Holger Thiele, Jennifer E Posey, James R Lupski, Alina C Hilger, Heiko M Reutter, Waltraut M Merz, Gabriel C Dworschak, Benjamin Odermatt Jan 2025

Tfap2e Is Implicated In Central Nervous System, Orofacial And Maxillofacial Anomalies, Jeshurun C Kalanithy, Enrico Mingardo, Jil D Stegmann, Ramgopal Dhakar, Tikam Chand Dakal, Jill A Rosenfeld, Wen-Hann Tan, Stephanie A Coury, Audrey C Woerner, Jessica Sebastian, Paul A Levy, Leah R Fleming, Lea Waffenschmidt, Tobias T Lindenberg, Öznur Yilmaz, Khadija Channab, Bimaljeet K Babra, Andrea Christ, Britta Eiberger, Selina Hölzel, Clara Vidic, Felix Häberlein, Nina Ishorst, Juan E Rodriguez-Gatica, Behnaz Pezeshkpoor, Patrick A Kupczyk, Olivier M Vanakker, Sara Loddo, Antonio Novelli, Maria L Dentici, Albert Becker, Holger Thiele, Jennifer E Posey, James R Lupski, Alina C Hilger, Heiko M Reutter, Waltraut M Merz, Gabriel C Dworschak, Benjamin Odermatt

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Previous studies in mouse, Xenopus and zebrafish embryos show strong tfap2e expression in progenitor cells of neuronal and neural crest tissues suggesting its involvement in neural crest specification. However, the role of human transcription factor activator protein 2 (TFAP2E) in human embryonic central nervous system (CNS), orofacial and maxillofacial development is unknown.

Methods: Through a collaborative work, exome survey was performed in families with congenital CNS, orofacial and maxillofacial anomalies. Exome variant prioritisation prompted TFAP2E gene for functional analysis in zebrafish embryos. Embryonic morphology and development were assessed after antisense morpholino (MO) knockdown (KD), CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression …


Hispanic Patients Undergoing Spinal Fusion For Neuromuscular Scoliosis Sustain Health Inequalities, Armando S Martinez, David Momtaz, Travis Kotzur, Alexandra Mclennan, Abdullah Ghali, Farhan Ahmad, Ebubechi Adindu, Alan C Santiago-Rodriquez, Ali Seifi, Brian Smith Jan 2025

Hispanic Patients Undergoing Spinal Fusion For Neuromuscular Scoliosis Sustain Health Inequalities, Armando S Martinez, David Momtaz, Travis Kotzur, Alexandra Mclennan, Abdullah Ghali, Farhan Ahmad, Ebubechi Adindu, Alan C Santiago-Rodriquez, Ali Seifi, Brian Smith

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Pre- and postoperative optimization remains a complex process impacted by various demographic factors. Our study aims to identify and describe those demographic factors associated with poor outcomes after spinal fusion with instrumentation in neuromuscular scoliosis to reduce health disparities and improve postoperative outcomes.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data from 2016 to 2020, encompassing a random sample of 20% of procedures in the United States. Data included demographic and hospital variables, including days from admission to the procedure, length of stay, recovery time, total charge, discharge disposition, and mortality rates. In addition …


Immuno-Bioinformatics Study Of Secondary Metabolites From Watercress Nasturtium Officinale As Immunostimulant In Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei By Targeting Peroxinectin And Scavenger Receptor Class B, Qurrota A’Yunin, Muhaimin Rifa’I, Maftuch Maftuch, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko, Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda, Triyanto Triyanto, Muhammad Tegar Handrianto Jan 2025

Immuno-Bioinformatics Study Of Secondary Metabolites From Watercress Nasturtium Officinale As Immunostimulant In Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei By Targeting Peroxinectin And Scavenger Receptor Class B, Qurrota A’Yunin, Muhaimin Rifa’I, Maftuch Maftuch, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko, Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda, Triyanto Triyanto, Muhammad Tegar Handrianto

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The viral disease affects the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and causes losses. Immunostimulants are recognized as a more environmentally friendly approach to disease management and antimicrobial properties of aquatic organisms. Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is an aquatic plant species that contains antioxidant properties that can protect the organism from disease and boost the immune system. Shrimp rely heavily on innate immunity to combat infectious agents due to their absence of adaptive immunity. Peroxinectin and scavenger receptor class B (SRB) play essential roles in the shrimp defense system. This research employs a bioinformatic to assess the immunostimulatory potential …


Lost In Transmission: Where Ercot Went Astray And How It Can Find Its Way, Dylan Brown Jan 2025

Lost In Transmission: Where Ercot Went Astray And How It Can Find Its Way, Dylan Brown

Florida Law Review

The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) is the entity responsible for overseeing the primary electric grid for most of the state of Texas. The ERCOT grid is contained entirely within Texas, serves almost 75% of the state’s land area with its 52,700 miles of transmission lines, and provides 90% of the energy used by consumers in the state. Over the last half-century, the ERCOT grid has increasingly experienced intermittency issues that have caused Texas residents major heartaches. After each event, the Texas Legislature and ERCOT have taken steps to ensure that they do not reoccur. Thus far, though, they …


The Law Of Ai For Good, Orly Lobel Jan 2025

The Law Of Ai For Good, Orly Lobel

Florida Law Review

Legal policy and scholarship are increasingly focused on regulating technology to safeguard against risks and harms, neglecting the ways in which the law should direct the use of new technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), for positive purposes. This Article pivots the debates about automation, finding that the focus on AI wrongs is descriptively inaccurate because it undermines a balanced analysis of the benefits, potentials, and risks involved in digital technology. Further, the focus on AI wrongs is normatively and prescriptively flawed, as it narrows and distorts the law reforms currently dominating tech policy debates. The Law-of-AI-Wrongs focuses on reactive and …


Disrupting Creativity: Copyright Law In The Age Of Generative Artifical Intelligence, Ryan Abbott, Elizabeth Rothman Jan 2025

Disrupting Creativity: Copyright Law In The Age Of Generative Artifical Intelligence, Ryan Abbott, Elizabeth Rothman

Florida Law Review

Over the last few years, due largely to breakthroughs in deep learning technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to step into the shoes of human content generators and make valuable creative works at scale. Before the end of the decade, a significant amount of art, literature, music, software, and web content will likely be created by AI rather than traditional human authors. Yet the law lags behind this technological evolution by prohibiting copyright protection for AI-generated works. The predominant narrative holds that even if AI can automate creativity, this activity is not the right sort of thing to protect, and …


"Blurred Lines" On The "Stairway To Heaven": How The Sound Of Music Can Clarify Substantial Similarity In Music Copyright Cases, Lindsey O'Brien Jan 2025

"Blurred Lines" On The "Stairway To Heaven": How The Sound Of Music Can Clarify Substantial Similarity In Music Copyright Cases, Lindsey O'Brien

Florida Law Review

Copyright law sits at the heart of the multibillion-dollar music industry. Recently, the Ninth Circuit has served as a common venue for resolving disputes between musical artists in alleged copyright infringement cases. However, the logic surrounding legal decisions is often contrary to the realities of the music industry, and results have been inconsistent even within the same circuit. The unpredictability of legal outcomes leaves the “best” standard for evaluating music copyright infringement unclear. This Note argues that, when considering copyright law’s historical underpinnings, a literal application of existing doctrine proves less-than-ideal in the context of music. The law’s emphasis on …


Deconstructing Employment Contract Law, Rachel Arnow-Richman, J. H. Verkerke Jan 2025

Deconstructing Employment Contract Law, Rachel Arnow-Richman, J. H. Verkerke

Florida Law Review

Employment contract law is an antiquated, ill-fitting, incoherent mess. But no one seems inclined to fix this problem. Employment law scholars, skeptical of employees’ ability to bargain, tend to disregard contract law and advocate for just-cause and other legislative reforms to eliminate at-will employment. And contracts scholars largely ignore employment cases—viewing them, with some justification, as part of a peculiar, specialized body of law wholly divorced from general contract jurisprudence. As a result of this undesirable employment law exceptionalism, courts lack the tools needed to resolve recurring disputes. This Article offers a new, comprehensive historical account that exposes the formalistic …