Digital Commons Network^™

Primary Care Reimbursement: Current Processes And Future Advocacy, Brenda Koverman, Monika I. Robinson, Lydia Royeen

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy’s (OT) role in primary care is emerging as a viable practice area. Yet, operational efforts that include reimbursement continue to lag and have been identified as a barrier to entry. Current literature reveals confusing and overlapping reimbursement descriptions. Payment for services is critical for the sustainability of this practice area. This paper proposes a taxonomy to assist frontline clinicians, leaders, and provider practice managers to determine the best reimbursement strategy for their specific clinic. Differentiating and defining payment models, reimbursement determinants, and reimbursements methods allows OT leaders a shared language. Implementing the best reimbursement tactic will ensure the …

Evaluating Students' Experience In Applying Model Of Human Occupation In Acute-Care Settings Through Actor-Based Case Simulations, Tiffany T. Lin, Homa Zahedi

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapists in hospital settings play a critical role in facilitating rehabilitation and promoting safe discharge, thereby reducing hospital readmissions and preventing hospital-acquired injuries, such as deep vein thrombosis and falls. Despite the benefits of occupation-based interventions, novice therapists often revert to an impairment-focused approach because of difficulties in applying occupation-centered models. The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) offers a framework to support occupation-based practice, yet students and early-career therapists frequently encounter challenges in translating theoretical models into clinical application.

This study aims to examine occupational therapy students’ experiences with actor-based case simulation sessions designed to enhance confidence and application …

Graph-Constrained Code Generation For Deep Metadata Environments, Pradeep Shankara, Anil Nagalla, Richard Yang, Vinay Anand

Defensive Publications Series

Generative artificial intelligence models may face challenges generating source code for languages that rely on deep, nested metadata stored in data repositories, which can result in functionally limited or non-compilable output. A graph-constrained code generation framework can address this by extracting metadata from a target system and translating it into one or more knowledge graphs that model structural dependencies. An automated agent may traverse these graphs to perform a multi-hop context retrieval based on a developer's request. This collected context can then be used to construct a detailed, constraint-enforcing prompt for a large language model. This process of grounding the …

System For Diagram Generation With Decoupled Logical Interpretation And Deterministic Rendering, Timothy Jabez, Arindam Sirohia, Stenal P. Jolly, Shreya Prabhu

Defensive Publications Series

A system for diagram generation can address potential limitations where logical interpretation and visual rendering are coupled, which could lead to inconsistent outputs. The system can employ a decoupled, multi-stage pipeline. For example, a first processing stage using artificial intelligence can transform an unstructured user input into a platform-agnostic intermediate logical artifact that defines a diagram's components and connections without spatial or visual information. Subsequently, a separate layout and rendering engine can process this logical artifact to calculate spatial positions and generate a visual diagram. This separation of logical interpretation from visual rendering may improve the reliability and accuracy of …

Reference-Model-Equivalent Weekly Utilization Cap Computed Directly From The Billing Ledger, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, as enabling public prior art, a method and system for enforcing a periodic utilization cap over heterogeneous large-language-model (LLM) usage without maintaining a separate rate-limit counter store. The consumption of models with different price/performance profiles is normalized onto a single synthetic currency — base-equivalent tokens — by assigning each model a drain weight pinned to the ratio of that model's provider output price to a chosen base model's output price. The cap for a given account is enforced before each call by computing the account's current-window utilization on demand, as a query-time SQL CASE aggregation over the …

Usage-Row-Gated Exactly-Once Prepaid Debit Protocol For Metered Llm Turns, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, as enabling public prior art, a computer-implemented protocol for debiting a prepaid credit wallet exactly once for a metered large-language-model (LLM) turn, and for doing so without ever producing either of the two well-documented failure classes of naive metered billing: the double-debit (a retried turn charged twice) and the free turn (a completed provider call that never bills, or that records usage telemetry without a matching charge). The core mechanism is an ordering invariant executed inside one database transaction: after acquiring a row-level exclusive lock on the wallet row, the system performs the metered-usage telemetry INSERT first, …

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Media-Baked Convergent First-Boot Network Bring-Up, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, enables, and dates a method and system for driving a freshly imaged bare-metal server from power-on to a single-homed, remotely reachable management state without any console interaction, any human network operator, and — critically — without any cloud or on-network metadata source. A generator bakes a per-node convergence agent directly into the operating-system install media under the vendor-supplement ($OEM$) payload path. During installation the OS setup engine copies that agent onto the target file system. A tiny first-boot script then registers a privileged (SYSTEM) scheduled task that re-executes an idempotent convergence agent on every subsequent boot until …

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Verify-First Phase Autopilot With Out-Of-Band Differential Diagnosis, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, in enabling detail, an autonomous and self-healing bare-metal deployment autopilot. The system drives an end-to-end deployment pipeline through a single uniform per-phase contract — attempt(phase, max, work, verify, heal) — that verifies the desired state before performing any work, performs the phase's work at most once, and on continued failure either remediates and retries or hard-escalates to a human. Verifying first makes every phase idempotent and turns an interrupted run into a resumable one at no extra cost. The defensible element of this disclosure is the mechanism by which the autopilot remediates a node whose in-band control …

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In-Process Live T-Sql-To-Postgresql Transpiling Driver Facade With Ddl/Dml-Differentiated Idempotency Tolerance And Tri-Backend App Namespacing, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses, enables, and dates a mechanism by which application code written against a Microsoft SQL Server (T-SQL) client driver is executed unchanged against a PostgreSQL server by an in-process driver facade that transpiles each SQL statement to PostgreSQL dialect at query time, inside the application process, with zero additional infrastructure. The facade reproduces the driver's object model — the pool, the request object with fluent input().query(), the { recordset, rowsAffected } result shape, and the named-parameter binding convention — so that the swap is invisible to callers. The transpiler performs, per statement: MERGE→INSERT … ON CONFLICT with source-alias …

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Self-Wiping Winpe With A Parked Shell: A Fail-Closed Single-Disk Clean Injected Into Boot.Wim For Unattended Remote Re-Image, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, in enabling detail, a fail-closed mechanism for unattended, fully-remote re-imaging of bare-metal servers whose primary disk already carries an operating system, controlled only through an out-of-band management controller that exposes no remote keystroke channel. A user-mode edit of the Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) boot image injects a shell manifest (winpeshl.ini) and a launcher script that cleans the partition table of Disk 0 only before the OS installer runs, then parks the shell forever in a sleep loop because the installer entrypoint is a stub that returns before the operating system has been applied. The build step re-extracts …

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Structural Review-Gate Stubs: Security Capabilities Shipped As Typed Fail-Closed Throwing Stubs Activated Only By Vetted-Handle/Key Presence, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses Structural Review-Gate Stubs, a software design in which a security-critical capability ships to production as a typed, fail-closed throwing stub whose activation gate is the presence of a vetted provisioning artifact — an injected cryptographic handle, a parseable asymmetric signing key, or a genuine payment secret — and not a boolean feature flag or an environment toggle. When the artifact is absent, malformed, or a deploy-time placeholder, the capability's dangerous operation is not merely disabled; the safe-looking fallback branch does not exist in the code. Attempting the operation raises a single typed gate error carrying a stable …

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Email-Transported Vlm Telemetry Loop, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

Many vendors expose per-user consumption in a web console but provide no programmatic metering endpoint, or gate that endpoint behind an enterprise agreement that a small operator does not hold. This disclosure describes a durable, low-friction mechanism for turning such API-less consumption into a first-class metric time series. A designated human periodically screenshots each monitored entity's vendor-console usage page and forwards it, one message per entity, into a shared mailbox — placing the entity's identity in the message subject. A scheduled ingester (1) searches the mailbox for the designated sender through a standard mail API, (2) admits only subjects matching …

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Pre-Rated-At-Emit Admin-Immutable Metering Ledger With Unconditional Immutability Trigger And Writer-Role-Only Append, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses, enables, and dedicates to the public a mechanism for maintaining a usage-metering ledger — the "money record" of a licensing or metered-billing platform — whose immutability and tamper-evidence are properties of the database schema and its privilege grants rather than of an application-level audit trail. The mechanism rests on a single design inversion: each usage event is pre-rated at emit, meaning its final billable monetary amount is computed in application memory and written into the inserted row, so that the row is born final. Because a correctly rated row never needs a legitimate later edit, the ledger …

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Erasable-Subject Proof-Of-Authorship Vault, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, as enabling public prior art, an erasable-subject proof-of-authorship vault. The vault records who conceived what, when in a form that a third party can verify offline, that stays provable after the creator's identity has been erased, and that is honest on its face about the evidentiary strength of every timestamp it carries. The mechanism does not claim the underlying transaction-coupled single-writer append-only ledger — that primitive is treated here as previously disclosed prior art (referred to throughout as Disclosure A, the single-writer baseline). Instead, this publication claims, strictly above that baseline, the composition of four techniques: (1) …

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Counts-Only Entitlement Metering For Client-Encrypted Local-First Stores With Entitlement-Namespaced Dedupe And Bounded-Outage Fail Policy, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, enablingly and in full, a method and system for metering and billing a digital resource that is stored only on an end-user's own device, while the authoritative meter, entitlement checks, and invoice-generation remain on a server-side billing spine that never receives the resource's plaintext or ciphertext. The server persists, per usage event, exactly one artifact: an idempotent usage row whose quantity is a COUNT (a number of documents, ingest units, or retrieval units), never bytes of content, never a title, never an embedding. Exactly-once accounting under retries and cross-tenant safety under untrusted client input are obtained by …

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Monotonic Deploy Guard Via Git-Dag Ancestry Against A Cluster-Recorded Live Commit, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses a deploy-time admission mechanism that decides whether a candidate build artifact may be applied to a running service by reasoning over the source-control commit graph (the Git directed acyclic graph, or DAG) at the moment of deployment, rather than over pipeline serial numbers, build clocks, image push order, or semantic version strings. A candidate commit is admitted only when two independent DAG relationships both hold: (1) the candidate is an ancestor-or-equal of the integration-branch HEAD (i.e. it is genuinely merged, not divergent or unmerged work), and (2) the candidate is not strictly behind the last-successfully-deployed commit that …

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Transient Cordon-Fence Pinning Of Recreate Rollouts To The Readwriteonce-Volume-Holder Node, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document establishes public, dated prior art over a deployment-orchestration mechanism that eliminates the ReadWriteOnce (RWO) "Multi-Attach" deadlock during a Recreate-strategy rollout of a Kubernetes workload that mounts a single-attach persistent volume. At deploy time, the mechanism discovers the volume-holder node from the running pod's spec.nodeName, then cordons every other node in the workload's scheduling pool for the rollout window only, so the replacement pod can schedule onto exactly one node — the holder — making Multi-Attach structurally impossible rather than merely unlikely. Bookkeeping is ownership-aware: only nodes this run cordoned are recorded in a ledger; nodes already cordoned by …

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Subscribe, Follow, Save: Podcast Preservation In The Platform Era, Ben Pettis, Jeremy Morris

Rhetoric and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

Podcasting has produced a glut of cultural content. Collecting and saving these sounds for future study, however, remains challenging. This article asks: “How are recent developments in the platformization of podcasting threatening the ability of users and researchers to save, study, and sustain podcasts and the cultural insights they offer?” To answer, we focus on a podcast preservation project, PodcastRE.org, and discuss strategies for creating an (un)stable repository for future studies of podcasting. While new developments challenge preservation efforts, they also offer archivists opportunities to prioritize the cultural significance of podcasts, rather than the economic motives of the podcast industry …

Language Proficiency And Moves In Turkish And English Research Abstracts, Engin Evrim Önem

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The primary function of the abstract within a research article is to convince readers of the study's significance, encapsulating specific details such as its purpose, methodology, results, and discussions and/or conclusions. Notably, scholarly attention has been directed towards the rhetorical structures employed in abstracts found in scientific journals, as authors are believed to employ diverse structures to present their articles in an engaging manner that captures readers' interest. The varied rhetorical structures used in research article abstracts are often referred to as ``moves''. This study investigated the impact of language proficiency and translation on these moves. Six Ph.D. students from …

Enhancing Student Evaluation: A Study Of Formative And Summative Assessment Practices In Primary Schools, Niman Dreshaj, Isa Spahiu, Zarije Nuredini Spahiu, Suzana Ejupi

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This article explores assessment in the Kosovo primary education system, focusing on the content to be assessed and the methods used to measure student learning. The study seeks to characterize typical assessment methods, including assessment models, to determine the extent to which they contribute to the quality of teaching and to students' learning. The study focuses in particular on formative and summative assessment, exploring their use in practice and the teacher attributes within this context. Initial results indicate that the predominant use of summative assessment is sensitive to demographic characteristics, such as teacher age and level of professional training. Older …

Negotiating Laughter: Power, Gender, And Classroom Discourse In Pakistani University Settings, Maheen Zahra, Rahat Bashir, Kanwal Zahra

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The aim of this study is to explore how laughter is used as an interactional and socially situated discourse in Pakistani university classrooms at different academic levels. A total of 29 episodes of laughter, out of 32 observed classrooms, were documented through detailed field notes, analyzing how the laughter was initiated, processed, and regulated within the classroom. The findings revealed that laughter is not only an expression of amusement, but it is also a complicated communicative discourse, which is used as a pedagogical tool to maintain power hierarchies and relations as per socio-cultural norms. At the undergraduate level, laughter usually …

Contrasting Utopias: A Comparative Analysis Of Societal Ideals In Sir Thomas More's Utopia And Nizami Ganjavi's Iskandarname, Turkan Elbayiyeva

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The notion of an ideal society has long been a central theme in literature across diverse cultures and epochs. Originating in Plato's Republic in the fourth century B.C., the concept evolved through various literary genres and styles. Notable contributions emerged from both Western and Eastern traditions, exemplified respectively by Sir Thomas More's Utopia (1516) and Nizami Ganjavi's Iskandarname (12th century). This article undertakes a comparative analysis of these works, examining their portrayals of individual life, economy, religion, governance, and justice. Both Utopia and Iskandarname underscore the importance of nature, animals, and human relationships, emphasizing harmony and peace in society. They …

Exploring Chatgpt's Role In Developing Productive Language Skills: A Systematic Review, Milana Abbasova, Eljan Salimli

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Although the interactive features of ChatGPT offer substantial benefits for language education, its integration presents complex pedagogical and ethical challenges. This systematic review critically evaluates the capabilities and limitations of ChatGPT in enhancing expressive language capabilities, specifically speaking and writing. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a rigorous search of the ERIC database and a forward snowballing technique via Google Scholar yielded an initial pool of 1,124 records, culminating in the final selection of 22 empirical studies for in-depth analysis. Grounded in Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory and the SAMR integration model, the findings conceptualize ChatGPT as a virtual ``More Knowledgeable Other'' that provides …

Exploring University Students' Acceptance Of Generative Ai For Writing: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model (Tam 3) Perspective, Ikram Ullah, Huma Batool, Sadia Irshad

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Generative AI presents significant potential for improving students' writing, and its acceptance is influenced by varied factors. The present study aims at exploring the factors by examining six vital constructs of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) 3 (Venkatesh & Bala, 2008)—academic relevance, output quality, self-efficacy, playfulness, anxiety, and perceived enjoyment—and their impact on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention of students. Using a quantitative research approach, a sample size of 345 university students from Computer Science, Management Science, and Arts and Humanities voluntarily participated in an online cross-sectional survey questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 and …

Previous Soil Environment Impacts Biomass Yield Of Winter Rye And Triticale, Monica Bennion, Christopher W. Rogers, Joy Barsotti, David L. Bjorneberg, Pramod Acharya, Jared Spackman

Idaho Conference on Undergraduate Research

Idaho is one of the top dairy-producing states, requiring forage systems that balance on-farm needs with environmental priorities. Introduction of new winter cereal forage rotations [i.e., hybrid rye (Secale cereale)] may improve nutrient use efficiency, protect soil, and utilize winter precipitation to provide spring forage. Research was conducted to assess the potential of hybrid rye compared to a commonly grown forage, [triticale (× Triticosecale)], across four historical nutrient-management treatments at two harvest stages. Biomass was calculated on a dry matter basis and converted to kg/ha. Hybrid rye biomass production did not differ from that of triticale under previous management …

Using Handwriting Text Recognition (Htr) Technology To Create A Language Learning Model (Llm) For Blythe Owen’S Handwriting, Aiko J. Ayala Rios, Marianne Y. Kordas

Journal of Adventist Libraries and Archives

Handwriting Recognition Technology (HTR) has proven to be a valuable support for the fields of digital humanities and archival resources, as more scholars strive to make documents machine-readable and accessible. With this in mind, the newest phase of the Blythe Owen letter transcription project commenced in the summer of 2025, utilizing Transkribus, a software that aids in transcription and the creation of Language Learning Models (LLMs) tailored to specific writing styles. This report outlines the progress made in learning to use the program, the various issues that arose, and provides suggestions for the project's future as well as for similar …

From Mandela To Meta: Democratization Of The Right Of Publicity, Persona, And Image Rights In Cyberspace, Frederick W. Mostert, Lea Leisure

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Taxonomy As Translation: Private Law In A Plural Legal Order, Ibtisaam Ahmed

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

July 15, 2026 Blazer Weekly, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

Blazer Weekly (student newsletter)

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Retention Threat On Student Learning Gains: Evidence From Ohio, Sarah Souders, Robert Bifulco

Center for Policy Research

Grade retention policies create incentives for students to make adequate progress ahead of evaluation. The threat of retention thus has the potential to affect all students’ academic outcomes, increasing achievement especially among students with test scores near the retention policy’s threshold. By using unique data from Ohio which allows us to implement a regression discontinuity design, we find that students exposed to the threat of retention in Grade 3 experience larger learning gains than students who are not under retention threat. Gains in Grade 3 English Language Arts (ELA) are 0.077 SD and although effects partially fade over time, positive …