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An Educational Interventional Study To Compare The Effectiveness Of Small Group Discussion Versus Role Play As A Teaching Learning Method In The Subject Of Pharmacology, Akanksha B. Prajapati, Alay Patel, Rupal Shah, Vipul Chaudhari

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

BACKGROUND: Teaching-learning methods include lectures, discussions, and small group activities. Small group discussions and role-plays enhance adult learning by promoting participation, reflection, communication, and teamwork. These methods improve knowledge retention and prepare students for real-life scenarios and professional challenges through experiential, interactive learning. Aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of Small Group Discussion (SGD) vs Role play as a teaching learning (T/L) method among Phase II medical students.

METHODS. Out of 140 Phase II MBBS students, 88 participated in the pharmacology schedule and were included in the study. After randomization, 42 students (Group A) underwent SGD, and …

Management Of Panfacial And Complex Facial Fractures A Belgaum Perspective – Case Series, Vijaylaxmi Shettar, Shridhar Damodar Baliga, Sanjay S. Rao, Prashasti Sharma, Kritika Pandey

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Multiple facial bone fractures usually are consequential to severe injuries secondary to motor vehicle calamities. These complex and panfacial fractures are usually associated with multiple systemic injuries that mandate a multidisciplinary approach to their management. It involves rebuilding the facial architecture and restoring the facial buttresses to reinstate the cosmetics and function. The complex nature of treatment makes them challenging for the surgeon and thus requires an organized approach for efficient reduction. Various sequences such as bottom–up, top-to-bottom, and occlusion first have been commonly used. This case series presents two cases of complex facial fractures and two cases of panfacial …

Morphometric Analysis Of Palatal Vault For Sex Determination In Central Indian Population, Saurabh Sharma, Paran Joshi, Raman Grover

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Palate has been a topic of interest regarding sex determination from human skeletal remains in physical anthropology. Palatal index (PI) is an important parameter for the sex determination of deceased individuals with unknown identity.

AIM:

The study aimed to determine and compare PI, clinically and radiographically, and evaluate its role in sexual dimorphism in the Central Indian population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was conducted on 392 participants, in the department of anatomy and dentistry of a premium medical college in India. Maxillary casts were used for clinical measurement. Posteroanterior and lateral cephalogram (Ceph) were used for the radiographic …

Factors And Perceptions Of Medical Undergraduate Students Influencing Their Choice Of Specialty, Anadika Rana, Narendra Kumar, Jay Tewari, Aman Kumar, Amod Kumar Sachan, Rahul Kumar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Students make their decision on a future medical career while experiencing different areas of medical specialties based on their perceptions and preferences.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of the study is to explore the factors and perceptions of undergraduate medical students which influence their choice of postgraduate specialization.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2022 among 257 2

nd

year undergraduate medical students who were queried about possible factors that might influence their choice of specialization. The factors were grouped as intrinsic factors (personal attributes and preferences); and extrinsic factors (nature of work and working environment). …

Development And Validation Of A Self-Assessment Tool To Determine, Rakesh Roushan, Ritesh Singhal, Manjry Anshumala Barla, Manu Bhai Gaur

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

INTRODUCTION:

Ayurveda, the traditional system of health care that is native to India, has a unique concept of

Prakriti.

It divides the population into seven constitutional types. Every constitution type has some unique features explained by Acharyas.

OBJECTIVE:

The primary objective was to develop a validated

Deha

Prakriti

determination tool that will be easier to administer, less time-consuming, and more sensitive to even small changes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A questionnaire was prepared based on features explained in

Charak Samhita

. The data generated through the cross-sectional study of the questionnaire, from February 22 to March 2022, were used for analysis. …

Comparative Evaluation Of Postoperative Pain After Single Sitting Pulpectomy Using Hand And Rotary Instrumentation In Primary Molars Of Children – A Randomized Control Study, Nivedita Saxena, Shivayogi M. Hugar, Pooja K. Dialani, Neha Kohli, Shweta Kajjari, Niraj S. Gokhale

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

AIM:

The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare postoperative pain after single sitting pulpectomy using hand and rotary instrumentation in the primary molars of children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Sixty children of age 4–8 years were selected using standard sample size formula for the single sitting pulpectomy after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria and all participants were equally divided into two groups. Single sitting pulpectomy procedure was carried out in both groups. In the control group, K files and in the experimental group Pro AF baby gold pediatric rotary files were used, followed by obturation with zinc oxide-eugenol …

Low Birthweight And Its Associated Factors In India A Comparative Study Of National Family Health Survey From The 4, Sadashiva Hegde, Jang Bahadur Prasad, Rajeshwari Annappa Biradar, Alex Motes Carvalho

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

A serious global public health issue is low birth weight.

OBJECTIVE:

This study used information from NFHS rounds 4 and 5 to gauge the shift in predominance of lower birth weight difference between the 2 rounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Surveys on National Family Health from 2015–2016 (NFHS 4) and 2019–2021 (NFHS 5) were utilized to compile the data. This sample contained 2,09,266 under-5 children from NFHS-5 and 1,93,345 under-5 children from NFHS-4. Both bivariate and multivariate approaches were used for analysis.

RESULT:

In India, the prevalence of LBW was marginally reduced from 17.6% to 17.4% although it was not …

Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Preoperative Diagnostic Dilemma, Shalini Bhalla, Shalini Rawat, Sameer Gupta

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is an uncommon female genital tract malignancy that resembles epithelial ovarian neoplasm clinically and radiologically. We present a case of 49-year-old woman with postmenopausal intermittent vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and pelvic mass for 3 months. On physical examination, lower abdominal tenderness was found. Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral hydrosalpinx with hematometra. Her serum cancer antigen-125 was raised (190.0 U/ml). With the clinical diagnosis of endometrial cancer, patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy, infracolic omentectomy and rectal deposit biopsy. Microscopic examination showed features of serous adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. Histologically, it is indistinguishable from …

May–Hegglin Anomaly A Rare Hereditary Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia, Vinaya Singh, Mazhar Nasir Khan, Sushma Malik, Poonam Wade, Vrinda Kulkarni

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Neonatal thrombocytopenia is a common entity encountered in neonatal intensive care unit. Diagnosis often becomes challenging because of broad range of possible clinical diagnoses. Careful evaluation and history taking are the backbone of sound diagnosis. During such diagnostic dilemma, investigation as basic as peripheral smear examination can come to a rescue. Here, we present a rare case of neonatal autoimmune thrombocytopenia. On the basis of detailed history, careful examination, and basic investigations, diagnosis of May–Hegglin anomaly was made which was later confirmed by genetic studies (rare mutation in myosin heavy chain 9 gene).

Post Chemotherapy Diagnostic Dilemma A Case Report, Prachi Goel, Atin Singhai, Suresh Babu, Apul Goel

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Diagnostic evaluation of tumors in their posttherapeutic stage requires a meticulous approach for correct diagnosis as chemotherapy or radiotherapy often alters the tumor characteristics that vary significantly from their pretherapeutic phase. Here, we report a case of chemotherapy-received retroperitoneal lymph node deposits of metastatic testicular embryonal carcinoma that failed to express immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers employed to make diagnosis in the pretherapeutic phase. The dilemma of overdiagnosis so created was resolved by the use of added markers that probably could sustain the slaught of chemotherapy. Therefore, a judicious and diligent understanding of the use and action of IHC markers is utmost …

Mustadi Yapana Basti (Medicated Enema) In The Management Of Oligozoospermia: A Case Series, Ankur Kumar Tanwar, Sujata Rajan, Manoj Kumar Shamkuwar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Infertility is a global issue of concern in the modern era, affecting 8%–12% of couples globally. Although the etiology of infertility is varied and difficult to determine, a good proportion of cases can be attributed to male. The most common cause of male infertility is oligozoospermia. Oligozoospermia is a decrease in sperm concentration below 15 million sperm/ml in semen ejaculate.

Shukra Kshaya

is a similar clinical condition mentioned in

Ayurveda

in which the

Shukra Dhatu

is diminished both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Ayurveda

has specified many therapeutic interventions and practices, including the

Panchakarma

procedure,

Basti Karma

, for the strengthening of …

Community Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices For Protection Against The Malaria A Cross-Sectional Study In A Rural Area Of Aspirational District In Haryana, India, Abhishek Singh, Rajni Kumari Rai, Sanjeet Panesar, Vikas Gupta

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

INTRODUCTION:

Malaria poses a great socioeconomic burden on humanity as it affects the majority of countries in the tropical and subtropical regions. The estimated number of malaria deaths stood at 445,000 in 2016, a similar to the previous year (446,000). This study was conducted with the aim to assess community knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) for protection against the malaria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was community-based with a cross-sectional study conducted for 4 months in the 6 villages under the subcenter Sangail, with household as a sampling unit, and study participants were selected by randomized multistage sampling technique. A pretested, …

Gender Variability In Performance Of Multiple-Choice Question-Based Assessment On Medical Biochemistry Topics Among 1, Elvia Jamatia, Binita Goswami, Smita Kaushik, Bidhan Chandra Koner

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Owing to its popularity and ubiquity, multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are now a commonly used assessment means used in medical education. However, the gender variability in the performance of students in MCQ-based examinations has been a notable topic of exploration in educational research.

AIM:

To discern if there are any gender-based differences in the performance as well as the risk-taking tendency in MCQ-based assessment among the 1

st

year medical students in Biochemistry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This observational study was carried out on 237 1

st

year MBBS students as an end-of-module assessment test on “Miscellaneous topics in Biochemistry.” Six …

Incidence Of Inflammatory Reactions After Intravitreal Injection Of A Biosimilar Of Ranibizumab For The Treatment Of Various Retinal Vascular Conditions, Vivek Basavprabhu Wani, Ankita Agarwal, Arvind L. Tenagi, Bhagyajyothi Khanagavi, Shivanand Channabasu Bubanale, Nagbhushan Chougule, Chethana Warad

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Razumab is a biosimilar of ranibizumab and its intravitreal injection in various retinal diseases has been reported with good results. However, the incidence of inflammation in the anterior chamber and vitreous after the intravitreal injection of Razumab has not been studied so far.

AIMS OF THE STUDY:

The aim of this study was to study the incidence of inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber and vitreous after intravitreal Razumab.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

It was a single-center, nonrandomized observational study of eyes that received intravitreal Razumab injection for various retinal indications. The eyes were examined for anterior chamber and vitreous …

Re-Emergence Of Rabies Assessment Of Knowledge And Self-Reported Practices Regarding Rabies Among Youth In Central Kerala, Anit Maria Thomas, V. Lakshmi, Akash Arun, Shaliet Rose Sebastian

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

In India, about 15 million people are bitten by animals, mostly dogs, every year and need post-exposure prophylaxis. During and after the Covid era, there has been an increase in the number of cases of rabies and deaths due to rabies. It is estimated that number of animal bites may be many times more than those reported. The recent rabies death among people who have taken anti-rabies vaccines on schedule have triggered concerns.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the existing knowledge and self-reported practices among youth regarding rabies in central Kerala.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present cross sectional study was conducted …

Vitamin D Status Of Children At A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Agartala, North-East India A Cross-Sectional Study, Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Does A Ban On Liquor Sales Benefit Alcohol Dependence Patients? A Study On Usage And Procurement Of Alcohol During The Covid-19 Lockdown, Naren Albert Rajendran, Kailash Sureshkumar, Shabeeba Z. Kailash, Sivabackiya Chitravelu, Niha R. Rumaisa

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Restricting the availability of alcohol in “dry states” and during the COVID-19 lockdown reveal illegal trading and consumption of illicit liquor leading to deaths and use of alternate harmful substances. The current study aims to fill the gaps in the literature to study alcohol usage and its procurement during its complete ban of sale.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study of purposively sampled alcohol-dependent patients (

n

= 62) was conducted in an OPD setting, comparing two time periods: before and during total lockdown 2020. After reinforcing confidentiality and privacy, data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS:

Alcohol usage during …

Maternal And Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Cardiac Disease Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital A Prospective Observational Study, Hema Sharanagouda Patil, Jyothi Kotireddy, Abhijeet B. Shitole, Sharanagouda S. Patil

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Pregnancy in women with cardiac disease is associated with an increased risk for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and the present study evaluated maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by cardiac disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An observational prospective study was conducted among 105 pregnant women with cardiac disease attending a tertiary care hospital from February 1, 2017, to January 31, 2018, and followed 30 days postpartum. Data on maternal and gestational age, nature of the underlying cardiac lesion, comorbidities, cardiac intervention, and medication were recorded. Up until 28 weeks, the patients were checked every 2 weeks by an …

Prevalence Of Near-Miss Events And Its Impact Among Medical Students Using Bikes And Cars In Chennai A Cross-Sectional Study, Janakiram Marimuthu, S. Pravinraj

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

CONTEXT:

The WHO's Global Status Report on road safety 2015 indicates that worldwide the total number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic fatality rates in low-income countries. Urgent action is needed to achieve the determined target for road safety, reflected in the newly adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (goals 3 and 11), and halving the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020.

AIM:

This present study aims to estimate the prevalence of near-miss events among medical students using bikes and cars in Chennai.

MATERIALS …

Hiv/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Stigma, Perceived Social Support, And Medical Adherence Among Hiv/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Children A Mediation Analysis, Varsha Singh, Anupriya, Swaran Lata

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

INTRODUCTION:

The present study brings forward the relationship among HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) stigma, perceived social support (PSS), and medical adherence found among HIV/AIDS children.

METHODOLOGY:

A sample of 90 HIV/AIDS-affected children aged 10–18 years from motilal nehru hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, was selected for the study. Participants were assessed HIV/AIDS stigma, pss, and medical adherence. The tools of descriptive statistics, correlational and regression analysis, and mediation analysis were performed to accomplish the desired objective of the study.

RESULTS:

Correlational analysis makes it evident that HIV/AIDS stigma is prominently negatively correlated to PSS (r (88) = −0.670, P …

Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices Of Rational Use Of Medicines Among The Postgraduate Residents Of A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In North Karnataka A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Nishtha Malhotra, M. S. Shivaswamy

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

The overuse, underuse, or misuse of medicines by the postgraduate residents results in wastage of scarce resources and widespread health hazards. “Rational use of medicines” (RUMs) would bring health care within the reach of the poor by reducing costs. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of RUMs among the postgraduate residents of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months (November 2019–April 2020). With the help of universal sampling, a self-developed, prevalidated, semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 200 residents, to obtain information …

Evaluation Of Efficacy Of 0.1% Of Chlorine Dioxide Mouthwash Against Oral Malodor – A Pilot Study, Prajakta Brahmankar, Shweta Shivayogi Hugar, Vinayak R. Kumbhojkar, Neelamma Shetti

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Oral malodor, also known as halitosis or bad breath can be defined as an offensive odor that emerges from the oral cavity and can be easily detected by others. The etiology of halitosis is multifactorial and can include several intra- and extraoral factors such as gingivitis, periodontitis, chronic sinusitis, nasal inflammation, diabetes mellitus, lung carcinoma, liver insufficiency, cirrhosis, uremia, trimethylaminuria, and postnasal drip. Chlorine dioxide associated with chlorite anion results in the oxidative consumption of amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, which are precursors of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). Thus, it can reduce the concentrations of VSCs which …

A Battery Where It Should Not Be, Anil S. Harugop, Mansi A.R. Venkatramanan, Lakshmi Goswami, S. Puneeth Nayak

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

The shiny and attractive nature of objects such as button batteries or coins draws children toward them. It is vital to correctly identify such foreign bodies and promptly remove them without causing any fragmentation or damage as that may cause the electrolyte within the battery to leak and further corrode the mucosa. Here, we present the case of a 5-year-old girl referred from a community hospital with a foreign object in the nose and how it was managed in a timely and successful manner.

Misconceptions About Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetes Patients A Cross-Sectional Study, Suyesha Nalavadey, Sulakshana Shridhar Baliga

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes mellitus is a lifestyle-related painless disease. India has the highest diabetes burden in the world and is called as the “Diabetic Capital of the world.” Even though the disease is so rampant, there are ample misconceptions about diabetes and this has become a hurdle in effective management and control of the disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the urban health center among 200 diabetics. Patients were asked about their belief in misconceptions regarding diet, exercise, treatment-seeking behavior, and self-care of diabetes.

RESULTS:

From a total of 200 participants, 112 (56%) were females. Majority 183 …

Making Preparations For Future Outbreaks Of The Pandemic, Harish Gupta, Ajay Kumar Patwa, Satish Kumar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Primary Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinoma A Rare Case Report, Madhu Kumar, Akanksha Singh, Jitendra Kumar Vimal, Vijay Kumar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast is a very rare occurrence accounting for <0.1% of all breast cancers. For the diagnosis, it requires the diffuse expression of neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase) and the lack of simultaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma in extramammary sites. The breast carcinomas with focal neuroendocrine differentiation are defined as scattered tumor cells that stain positive with neuroendocrine markers. These tumors are usually seen in elderly women around sixth or seventh decade of life, as reported in literatures. The high nuclear grade and regional lymph node metastasis was also significant negative prognostic factors for overall survival. We study a case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of breast in a 46-year-old lady, on the basis of histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy In A Covid-19-Positive Patient With Torpedo Maculopathy And Associated Oral Tadalafil Intake, Pradeep Kumar Panigrahi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

A 46-year-old post-COVID-19-positive male patient presented with sudden onset painless loss of vision in the left eye (LE). There was history of oral tadalafil intake 10 days before vision loss. Clinical and imaging examinations led to the diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy with torpedo maculopathy in LE. No active intervention was done. There was complete resolution of neurosensory detachment with improvement of vision 1 month following the presentation.

Transesophageal Echo-Derived Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Versus Myocardial Performance Index In Predicting Outcome Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery, Abhijeet Shitole, Preeti Lamba, Sharanagouda Patil, Anand Vagarali, Veerappa Kothiwale, Jabbar Momin

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:

Although left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most commonly studied echocardiographic parameter for predicting postoperative outcome, its utility is limited by its preload dependency and ability to measure the only systolic function of the left ventricle. The myocardial performance index (MPI), a ratio obtained by summing up the time required for isovolumetric contraction and relaxation against the systolic ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, is the least studied parameter of left ventricular performance in perioperative settings. So, being a composite measure of systolic and diastolic function of the heart, we hypothesized that MPI can be a …

Quarantine During Covid-19 Pandemic A Cross-Sectional Study To Investigate Its Compliance And Psychological Impact Among Health Care Professionals In Southern Haryana, Abhishek Singh, Vikas Gupta, Pawan Kumar Goel

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 has caused a pandemic during 2019–2020 that has resulted in illnesses ranging from the usual flu to serious respiratory problems, even leading to mortality. Recent literature has suggested that the health (psychological) impact of quarantine is wide-ranging, substantial, and can be long-lasting.

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study was to assess the mental health status (psychological distress) of those who experienced quarantine and their compliance with quarantine during the outbreak of COVID-19 among health care professionals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study included 217 health care staff (doctors and nurses) working in COVID-19 outpatient and wards, sent on quarantine …

Impact Of A Particular Diet On The Nutritional Status And Glycemic Response Of Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients – An Analytical Study, Yellesh Pothula, S. S. B. Sharma, A. Krishnaiah, Purna Singh Addanki

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous primary disorder of carbohydrate metabolism with multiple etiological factors that generally involve absolute or relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance or both. All causes of diabetes ultimately lead to hyperglycemia, which is the hall mark of this disease syndrome. Nutrition and diet play a critical role in the course of disease, in the controlling hyperglycemia in addition to drugs in diabetes mellitus patients.

OBJECTIVES:

To assess nutritional status of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and glycemic response to the given type of food as compared to normal individuals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Out of 40 …