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Articles 31111 - 31140 of 1326677
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Index: Subject Index-12 Months Ended October 1971; Author Index-12 Months Ended October 1971, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants
Index: Subject Index-12 Months Ended October 1971; Author Index-12 Months Ended October 1971, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants
Tax Adviser
No abstract provided.
Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian
Professions At Work: Tra Proposed Regulations: Comments, Herbert Finkston
Professions At Work: Tra Proposed Regulations: Comments, Herbert Finkston
Tax Adviser
No abstract provided.
Use Of The “T Account” Method By The Irs In Reconstruction Of Income, Earl F. Davis, Frank E. Simms
Use Of The “T Account” Method By The Irs In Reconstruction Of Income, Earl F. Davis, Frank E. Simms
Tax Adviser
No abstract provided.
Form 706-Format And Problems Occasioned By Community Property, Robert L. Bean
Form 706-Format And Problems Occasioned By Community Property, Robert L. Bean
Tax Adviser
No abstract provided.
The Tax Adviser, Volume 2, Number 10, October 1971, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants
The Tax Adviser, Volume 2, Number 10, October 1971, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants
Tax Adviser
No abstract provided.
Index: Subject Index -12 Months Ended September 1971; Author Index-12 Months Ended September 1971, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants
Index: Subject Index -12 Months Ended September 1971; Author Index-12 Months Ended September 1971, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants
Tax Adviser
No abstract provided.
Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian
Competitive-Level And Leg Preference Effects On Vertical Ground Reaction Forces In Soccer Kicking, Yecheng Zhang, Archit Navandar, Enrique Navarro
Competitive-Level And Leg Preference Effects On Vertical Ground Reaction Forces In Soccer Kicking, Yecheng Zhang, Archit Navandar, Enrique Navarro
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study explored the effect of the competitive level and leg preference on the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during instep soccer kicking, and its relationship on ball velocity. Seventy-eight players belonging to four different competitive levels (female professional, male professional, male elite youth, and male non-elite youth) performed maximal instep kicks with their preferred and non-preferred legs from which the ball velocity and the vGRF were collected. The results showed that higher-level players and preferred leg kicks exhibited a double-peak vGRF pattern, but lower-level players and non-preferred kicks exhibited a single-peak vGRF pattern. The vGRF had a weak to …
External Resistance Changes The Rotation-Extension Strategy In Accelerated Running, Marvin Zedler, Martin Pinter, Wolfgang Potthast, Bjoern Braunstein, Jan-Peter Goldmann
External Resistance Changes The Rotation-Extension Strategy In Accelerated Running, Marvin Zedler, Martin Pinter, Wolfgang Potthast, Bjoern Braunstein, Jan-Peter Goldmann
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study aimed to investigate the effect of external resistance on running mechanics by comparing unresisted and resisted acceleration tasks. Fourteen elite bobsleigh athletes performed unresisted (bodyweight) and resisted sprints by pushing a loaded sled (85 kg). Ground reaction forces as well as 3D marker trajectories were recorded for five ground contact phases to quantify whole-body posture and rotational and extensional components of forward centre of mass velocity. Resisted acceleration provoked more forward oriented postures (p < .001), and higher extensional velocity components (p < .001) compared to unresisted. Accordingly, the strategy to produce propulsion shifted from rotation to extension in the presence of an external mass. Resisted acceleration exercises are therefore appropriate to stress the extensional component to produce propulsion.
Exploring The Differences In The Prevalence Of Cam-Like Morphology By Age Group In High- And Low-Impact Sports, Ryota Yamamoto, Toshiharu Tsutsui, Wataru Sakamaki, Nodoka Ikegami, Suguru Torii
Exploring The Differences In The Prevalence Of Cam-Like Morphology By Age Group In High- And Low-Impact Sports, Ryota Yamamoto, Toshiharu Tsutsui, Wataru Sakamaki, Nodoka Ikegami, Suguru Torii
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study investigated cam-like morphology, a condition that increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis (OA), and examined differences in hip morphology between adolescent athletes engaged in high- and low-impact sports, along with the prevalence rates by age group. Data from 577 adolescent athletes, including 354 soccer players (aged 9–15 years) and 223 runners (aged 9–18 years), were analyzed using dual X-ray absorptiometry to assess the femoral head–neck junction for cam-like morphology. The analysis revealed that at age 9, both sports groups showed flattening at the femoral head–neck junction. However, from age 10 onward, the groups diverged: soccer players exhibited more …
Relationship Between Swimming Velocity And Foot Kinematic Characteristics In Novice Breaststroke Swimmers, Hiroshi Suito, Keisuke Teramoto, Kazumasa Ozeki
Relationship Between Swimming Velocity And Foot Kinematic Characteristics In Novice Breaststroke Swimmers, Hiroshi Suito, Keisuke Teramoto, Kazumasa Ozeki
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The study aimed to examine the relationship between the swimming velocity (SV) and the kinematic characteristics of the foot in novice breaststroke swimmers. Six novice male swimmers participated in the study. Participants performed two prone 10 m breaststroke kick trials on a kickboard. The kicking movements were recorded with two synchronized underwater cameras, and a three-dimensional analysis of the right-side kicking motion was conducted. The results revealed that significant negative correlations were found between the SV during a single breaststroke kick cycle and both the longitudinal and lateral kick widths (r = -.943, P < 0.01; r = -.886, P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the internal rotation angle of ankle joint in the insweep phase and SV (r = .886, P < 0.05), These findings suggest …
Effect Of Hallux Valgus On Lower Extremity Kinematics During Ballet Movements, Nahoko Sato, Haruka Seki, Naoko Oba, Akito Miura
Effect Of Hallux Valgus On Lower Extremity Kinematics During Ballet Movements, Nahoko Sato, Haruka Seki, Naoko Oba, Akito Miura
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study aimed to identify the specific motion characteristics associated with hallux valgus angles. Fourteen ballet dancers with hallux valgus performed the following three ballet movements in the 1st position: 1) standing for 5 seconds, 2) demi plié, and 3) sauté. Their movements were captured at 100 Hz using a motion-capture system. The relationship between the hallux valgus and foot joint angles, calculated using the multi-segment foot model, was tested using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Dancers with large hallux valgus angles demonstrated inferior displacement of the midfoot in all three tasks. It was also observed that the knees were valgus in …
Surface Condition Measurement For Runners Using Smartphone Sensors, Junho Oh, Jaeyoung Oh
Surface Condition Measurement For Runners Using Smartphone Sensors, Junho Oh, Jaeyoung Oh
ISBS Proceedings Archive
Current running platforms lack quantitative surface characterization despite its critical influence on performance and injury risk. We developed a smartphone-based method using ankle-mounted inertial sensors to measure runner-surface interactions through two metrics: Runner-Perceived Hardness Index (RPHI) and Runner-Perceived Traction Index (RPTI). Two runners performed total of 19 analyzable trials across cement and snow surfaces. Results show cement had a significantly higher RPHI (15.32±5.53 vs. 1.94±1.12 m/s²) and a significantly lower RPTI (16.52±2.17 vs 25.00±3.35 m/s²) than snow. These findings validate smartphones for real-time surface characterization, enabling data-driven training optimization previously limited to laboratories.
Joint Power Differences In Speed Running Between American Style Football Position Groups, Monique Mokha, Alyana Andal Andal, Jacob Haberer, Isabella Estrada Hernandez, Hunter Forte
Joint Power Differences In Speed Running Between American Style Football Position Groups, Monique Mokha, Alyana Andal Andal, Jacob Haberer, Isabella Estrada Hernandez, Hunter Forte
ISBS Proceedings Archive
We tested lower limb joint power during a treadmill run of 54 American style football players preparing for league try-outs where 40-yard (36.6 m) dash performance is critical. Players represented 3 position groups: Big (e.g., linemen), Big skill (e.g., tight ends), and Skill (e.g., receivers) groups, reflecting their varying play demands, from blocking/tackling to sprinting/cutting. MANOVA showed significant group differences in joint power, F(24,80) = 2.917, p < .001; Wilk’s λ = .285, partial η² = .467. ANOVA and post-hocs revealed Skill players generated more total limb power than Big (p < .001) and absorbed more ankle power than Big (p < .001), but not Big skill (p > .017). Big absorbed more right hip power than …
Differences In Trunk And Hip Isokinetic Strength Performance Among Cheerleaders With Varying Somersault Technical Levels, Yi-Zhu Liao, Shih-Chung Cheng, Wen-Tzu Tang
Differences In Trunk And Hip Isokinetic Strength Performance Among Cheerleaders With Varying Somersault Technical Levels, Yi-Zhu Liao, Shih-Chung Cheng, Wen-Tzu Tang
ISBS Proceedings Archive
啦啦隊中的站立後空翻 (SBTS) 需要精確的速度控制和軀幹-臀部協調，並依靠特定肌肉的力量。雖然 SBTS 通常可以實現，但更高級的站立全空翻 (SF) 需要更大的力量。這項研究評估了 17 名啦啦隊在 3 種不同速度（軀幹：30-120°/s；臀部：60-300°/s）下的軀幹和臀部等速力量。參與者根據技能分組：僅 SBTS（NSF，n = 9）和同時進行 SBTS 和 SF（SF，n = 8）。雙向變異數分析顯示 SF 組的髖部屈曲峰值扭矩明顯較大（p < .05）。髖部伸展的顯著交互作用顯示 NSF 中 300°/s 和 180°/s 時的扭矩下降（p < .05），而在 SF 中沒有觀察到。研究結果強調了強大的髖屈肌和保持高速髖伸展對於空翻動作的重要性，為有針對性的啦啦隊訓練提供了指導。
The Effect Of Augmented Reality Glasses On Elderly And Young Adults – A Preliminary Study, Sangyup Lee, Melissa Mache, Chengtu Hsieh
The Effect Of Augmented Reality Glasses On Elderly And Young Adults – A Preliminary Study, Sangyup Lee, Melissa Mache, Chengtu Hsieh
ISBS Proceedings Archive
Falls are a major concern among older adults, often linked to gait adaptations influenced by aging and environmental factors. This study examined the effects of augmented reality (AR) glasses on gait in young and older adults under three conditions: walking without AR glasses (W/O), with AR glasses (AR), and with AR glasses while performing a cognitive task (AR + CQ). Twelve participants (six younger, six older) walked on a treadmill at their preferred speed while gait was analysed using OpenCap. Compared to younger adults, older adults exhibited shorter stride length and narrower step width under AR conditions. Younger adults showed …
A Pilot Study To Evaluate Sagittal Kinematic Variables In Accelerated Run Using Openpose Markerless Motion Capture System, Mizuki Kitamura, Mitsuo Otsuka
A Pilot Study To Evaluate Sagittal Kinematic Variables In Accelerated Run Using Openpose Markerless Motion Capture System, Mizuki Kitamura, Mitsuo Otsuka
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study evaluated the agreement between OpenPose markerless and marker-based methods in analyzing sprint start performance. Four male students performed ten sprint starts. The Bland-Altman test for average center of mass (COM) horizontal velocity from the beginning motion to 1-m position of the OpenPose markerless method showed a fixed bias of -0.02 m/s, 95% limits of agreement (LoA) from −0.10 to 0.06 m/s, and a proportional bias of r = −0.47. For the 1-m running time, fixed bias was −0.00 s, 95% LoA ranged from −0.09 to 0.09 s, and proportional bias was r = 0.39. In the calculation of …
Can A New Rule Adapted Takeoff Zone Improve Approach-Run And Takeoff Motions In Long Jump?, Yosuke Kido, Mizuki Kitamura, Fumiaki Kobayashi, Mitsuo Otsuka
Can A New Rule Adapted Takeoff Zone Improve Approach-Run And Takeoff Motions In Long Jump?, Yosuke Kido, Mizuki Kitamura, Fumiaki Kobayashi, Mitsuo Otsuka
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of implementing the new long-jump rule with a takeoff zone, which is currently proposed by World Athletics, on the approach-run and takeoff movements. Ten male collegiate jumpers specializing in horizontal jumping events participated in the experiment. The main finding was no significant difference of effective distances was observed between the proposed and conventional trials. This may due to the fact that no significant differences of maximal horizontal center of mass (COM) velocity, horizontal COM velocity at the landing of takeoff, and takoff angle were observed between the proposed and conventional …
Neuromuscular And Muscle Morphological Advantage Of Power-Trained Athletes Improves Hip Extension Torque At High Velocities, Andras Hegyi, Luca Mezei, Fabien Leboeuf, Annamaria Peter, Aurélie Sarcher, Antoine Nordez, Giuseppe Rabita, Gaël Guilhem, Lilian Lacourpaille
Neuromuscular And Muscle Morphological Advantage Of Power-Trained Athletes Improves Hip Extension Torque At High Velocities, Andras Hegyi, Luca Mezei, Fabien Leboeuf, Annamaria Peter, Aurélie Sarcher, Antoine Nordez, Giuseppe Rabita, Gaël Guilhem, Lilian Lacourpaille
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to examine the intermuscular distribution of hamstring muscle volume, muscle excitation, and torque production capacity of hip extensors in power-trained (sprint-based) athletes compared to a strength-trained control group. We found higher semitendinosus volume in the power-trained group. The electromyography activity increased with increasing contraction velocity only in the power-trained group, with significant between-group differences observed in the semitendinosus and biceps femoris at high velocity hip extension. Power-trained athletes were stronger during concentric contractions, particularly at high contraction velocities. These results explain possible morphological and neuromuscular mechanisms to increase propulsive force in high-speed running, which …
The Influence Of Pinch Holds' Width On The Mechanics And Muscular Activity Characteristics Of The Pinch Technique For Advanced Climbers, Weiya Hao, Yaohan Huang, Shangxiao Li, Yuting Peng
The Influence Of Pinch Holds' Width On The Mechanics And Muscular Activity Characteristics Of The Pinch Technique For Advanced Climbers, Weiya Hao, Yaohan Huang, Shangxiao Li, Yuting Peng
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study aims to explore the effects of pinch holds’ width on the mechanics and muscle activity characteristics of the pinch technique in sport climbing. 22 climbers completed maximum gripping or pinching biomechanic test of a jug hold and two pinch holds with different width. The resultant traction force, traction force components, the utilization ratio of traction forces and root mean square (RMS) amplitude of the electromyography (EMG) signals of upper limb muscles were collected. Compared to the jug, traction force decreased by 6%-19% when using the broad pinch and 31%-46% with the narrow pinch (all P < 0.05). The RMS of the pectoralis major, biceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi showed the pattern: jug > the broad pinch …
The Effect Of Changing Depth And Speed On Ground Reaction Forces During Squat, Ihsen M. Hamed, Hafiz H. Abdalla, Rony Ibrahim
The Effect Of Changing Depth And Speed On Ground Reaction Forces During Squat, Ihsen M. Hamed, Hafiz H. Abdalla, Rony Ibrahim
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study examined the combined effects of squat depth and speed on three-dimensional ground reaction force (GRF) patterns during bodyweight squats in 18 male participants. Imposed speed squats were about twice as fast as preferred speed, and peak knee flexion increased with depth: 99° (partial), 115° (half), and 130° (full). GRFs were measured with dual force plates and analyzed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Slow-paced squats generated higher GRFs at the beginning and end of the movement, whereas fast tempo squats yielded a sharper vertical GRF during the bottom transition phase. Squat depth primarily affected horizontal …
Bridging The Gap Between Research And Practice: Integrating Biomechanical Analysis In The Development Of Landing Mats In Gymnastics., Pavel Brtva, Bethany Canty, Rebecca Straker, Gareth Irwin, Roman Farana
Bridging The Gap Between Research And Practice: Integrating Biomechanical Analysis In The Development Of Landing Mats In Gymnastics., Pavel Brtva, Bethany Canty, Rebecca Straker, Gareth Irwin, Roman Farana
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study examined variations in vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and lower limb kinematics during landings on three different mat structures (TYPE1, TYPE2, TYPE3) compared to FIG mat in young unskilled (pupils) and gymnast’s female. Significant effects of mat type were observed for VGRFmax, time to VGRFmax, peak ankle and knee angles, and peak knee angular velocity. TYPE1 mats exhibited the highest VGRF and shortest time to peak, indicating inadequate force attenuation and potential injury risk. Gymnasts demonstrated lower VGRFmax and lower ankle flexion, likely due to landing technique. No significant differences between TYPE2, TYPE3, …
Pacing And Stroke Mechanics In 400m Freestyle: A Hierarchical Generalized Additive Model Across Performance Levels, Nicolas Bideau, Antoine Bouvet
Pacing And Stroke Mechanics In 400m Freestyle: A Hierarchical Generalized Additive Model Across Performance Levels, Nicolas Bideau, Antoine Bouvet
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study explores the relationship between stroke mechanics regulation and pacing optimization in the 400m freestyle across different performance levels. The analysis involves 127 trained to elite swimmers, divided into performance groups, using an IMU sensor to measure spatiotemporal parameters. A Hierarchical Generalized Additive Model identified trends and group-specific variations in speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke smoothness (jerk cost). Results show higher-performing swimmers better adapt technique to pacing by balancing stroke rate and length. Models reveal group differences, especially in pacing management and efficient technical regulation among top swimmers. This study emphasizes developing technical skills for pacing to …
Towards Ai-Based At-Home Phsiotherapy For The Elderly: Comparing Movenet With Vitpose In Human Pose Estimation, Dominik Batić, Srinivas Kachavarapu, Fayçal Nait Irahal, Dagmar Meyer, Carsten Meyer
Towards Ai-Based At-Home Phsiotherapy For The Elderly: Comparing Movenet With Vitpose In Human Pose Estimation, Dominik Batić, Srinivas Kachavarapu, Fayçal Nait Irahal, Dagmar Meyer, Carsten Meyer
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The current tendency to shorten hospital stays requires patients to do rehabilitation exercises independently at home after knee and hip replacement surgeries. To help address the lack of supervision, we are developing a digital system that uses Human Pose Estimation (HPE) to analyse patient motion and provide feedback. In this work, we focus on two system aspects: (1) A tablet-based mobile application with an elderly-friendly interface and (2) a quantitative comparison of a widely used real-time HPE algorithm (MoveNet) with one of the top performers on the COCO benchmark (ViTPose). We provide experimental results for two-dimensional (2D) HPE on public …
Investigation Of Supervised Machine Learning For Imu-Based Swimming Activity Recognition, Saeed Aram, Isobel M. Thompson, Dominic A. Hudson, Joseph Banks
Investigation Of Supervised Machine Learning For Imu-Based Swimming Activity Recognition, Saeed Aram, Isobel M. Thompson, Dominic A. Hudson, Joseph Banks
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study investigates how IMU sensor data types, feature extraction, window sizes, and supervised machine learning models affect swimming activity recognition accuracy. Using a single IMU on lower back, the system classified strokes, turns, and starts under realistic conditions. Three classifiers of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) were evaluated. Five types of statistical feature sets were extracted from window sizes ranging from 1 to 6 seconds with 0.01 second sliding step. The best classifier is SVM, achieving overall accuracy of 0.97 with high accuracy for surface swimming stroke. However, shorter windows had …
The Effect Of The Eyes-Closed Condition On Muscle Activation, Ground Reaction Force, And 3d Kinematics In Countermovement Jumps, Nada Juma Aldous, Paul Grimshaw
The Effect Of The Eyes-Closed Condition On Muscle Activation, Ground Reaction Force, And 3d Kinematics In Countermovement Jumps, Nada Juma Aldous, Paul Grimshaw
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study investigates the effects of the eyes-closed condition on lower limb muscle activation, ground reaction force, and three-dimensional kinematics during repeated countermovement jumps in healthy young male adults. Data were collected in a controlled laboratory setting using a force platform, 3D motion capture, and wireless electromyography. The results offer insight into the interplay between sensory re-weighting and motor control under altered visual conditions. While key performance parameters remain largely consistent between eyes-open and eyes-closed trials, subtle differences in joint kinematics suggest compensatory adaptations may occur. These findings contribute to a better understanding of sensory integration in dynamic motor tasks …
Altered Spinopelvic Kinematics Differentiate Individuals With Symptomatic Cam From Asymptomatic Cam And Control Groups, Dalia Al Otti, Filip Staes, Stijn Ghijselings, Emma J. Beckaerts, Gaivilė Kurtinaitytė, Lennart Scheys
Altered Spinopelvic Kinematics Differentiate Individuals With Symptomatic Cam From Asymptomatic Cam And Control Groups, Dalia Al Otti, Filip Staes, Stijn Ghijselings, Emma J. Beckaerts, Gaivilė Kurtinaitytė, Lennart Scheys
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study investigated the influence of spinopelvic morphology and kinematics on symptom development in individuals with Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), a condition where abnormal bone growth at the femoral head–neck junction leads to hip pain and degeneration. Thirty-two male participants were categorized into symptomatic Cam-FAI (n = 11), asymptomatic Cam (n = 10), and control groups (n = 11). Using weight-bearing biplanar imaging and 3D motion capture during high-flexion motor tasks, differences in spinopelvic clinical parameters and kinematics were analyzed. Results showed that symptomatic individuals exhibited higher pelvic incidence (51.4° ± 7.0), lower acetabular coverage (19.5° ± 5.8), in addition …
Velocity-Based Training Intervention: Effects On Lower Limb Performance In Female Floorball Athletes, Basil Achermann, Naire Regazzi, Rahel Heynen, Julia Suter, Silvio Lorenzetti
Velocity-Based Training Intervention: Effects On Lower Limb Performance In Female Floorball Athletes, Basil Achermann, Naire Regazzi, Rahel Heynen, Julia Suter, Silvio Lorenzetti
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study investigated the effects of a six-week velocity-based training (VBT) program in female floorball players. The intervention, focused on back squats and trap bar deadlifts. Key performance metrics included movement velocity of RT exercises, sprint speed, jump performance, stop-and-go (SAG) performance, and load-velocity profiles (LVP). Seventeen participants completed 12 training sessions divided into strength (Sessions 1–6) and power (Sessions 7–12) blocks. Significant improvements were observed in VBT metrics, with squat estimated 1RM increasing by 15.3% (from 1.60 to 1.85) and deadlift estimated 1RM by 5.9% (from 1.76 to 1.87), while mean concentric velocity rose by 7.5% in the squat …
Isbs 2025 Conference Proceedings, Rony Ibrahim, Paul Grimshaw, Lina Majed, Philip Graham-Smith
Isbs 2025 Conference Proceedings, Rony Ibrahim, Paul Grimshaw, Lina Majed, Philip Graham-Smith
ISBS Proceedings Archive
These are the proceedings of the 43rd Conference of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sport