Digital Commons Network^™

The Sholem Community: Reimagining A Jewish Agricultural Community As The First Jewish Resort In The Catskill Mountains, Michele Ferris

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

The Tax Adviser, Volume 5, Number 6, June 1974, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Subject Index, 12 Months Ended May 1974, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Fee Policies In Tax Practice, William L. Raby

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Significant Recent Developments Concerning Consolidated Returns, Burton M. Mirsky, Pat J. Tozzi

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Review Of Fruitlands: The Alcott Family And Their Search For Utopia, Debra Meyers

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Review Of Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, Tammy Heise

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

"Let Down Your Buckets": Declension And The Debate On Shaker Marginality, Wendy Wood Davis

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Reading Performance Differences Of Texas Grade 4 Girls Between Title I, Part A And Non-Title 1, Part A Schools: A Texas Multiyear Analysis, Dawn Garza Rodriguez, John R. Slate

School Leadership Review

In this investigation, the reading performance of Texas Grade 4 girls was compared by their enrollment or non-enrollment in Title I, Part A schools. Data were obtained from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System for all Grade 4 girls in Texas who took the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness assessment in the 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 school years. Statistically significant differences were established in all three school years. Girls enrolled in non-Title I, Part A schools outperformed girls enrolled in Title I, Part A schools in all three Reading Reporting Categories and in all three …

The Tax Adviser, Volume 5, Number 5, May 1974, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Subject Index, 12 Months Ended April 1974, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Tax Trends, Eugene S. Linett

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Computing For Tax Planning Tax, Harley M. Courtney, Patrica C. Elliott

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

On The Persistence Of Justice: Is Justice Always The Bedrock Of A Political Constitution?, Miles Kaufman

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This paper seeks to determine the extent to which justice is required in premodern political constitutional thought. For coherence, I have calibrated this paper’s focus to the works of Plato, Augustine, and Machiavelli. Plato embodies the foundation of justice in Western political theory; Augustine, its early Christianization; and Machiavelli, removed by the better part of a millennium as he is from the two former, represents the later progression of justice as a concept. All develop political constitutions reliant upon some form of justice. I begin with a summary of the coherence of justice despite significant evolution over time, establishing three …

The New Language: Contractual Interpretation In The Age Of Emojis, Kosi Moneke

Bates College Undergraduate Law Review

Since their creation in 1999, emojis have evolved from just playful visual expressions to communicative tools that are increasingly appearing in legal disputes. This paper explores emojis as mediums of legal meaning. It examines how U.S. contract law approaches emojis as evidence of assent, threat, conspiracy, and intent, and how established contractual doctrines have adapted to emojis as tools of expressive communication. Though ambiguous, this paper aims to demonstrate that emojis can be interpreted within existing contractual frameworks.

This paper is structured as follows: it situates emojis as a continuation of contract law's historical engagement with nonverbal assent. It will …

Rethinking Coercion: Moving Beyond Moralized Accounts Of Coercion, Lorenz N. Soukup

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Coercion is often portrayed as a vile act, which is inherently immoral. Typical examples include blackmail or receiving an offer at gunpoint. Most contemporary theories centre around this characteristic immorality of coercion. In the following paper I will argue that coercion need not involve an immoral act. I will look at two distinctly different theories of coercion. On the one hand, a moralised account proposed by Jennifer Lackey and on the other hand, an account refraining from moralising coercion brought forward by Scott Anderson. The aim of this paper is not to define coercion but to motivate a shift in …

Trans Lives: Human Dignity And Executive Power, Jack Mcroberts

Bates College Undergraduate Law Review

No abstract provided.

Institutionalizing (?) The South: The New Development Bank, Kyra Friederich

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Over the past two decades, the Global South has undergone a significant shift from loose political coordination to more formalized institutional structures. The New Development Bank (NDB) was founded by the BRICS in 2015 and embodies this transition by combining the egalitarian ethos of earlier South-South initiatives such as the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Forum. This paper argues that the NDB represents a distinctive and paradoxical form of Global South institutionalization. It advances principles of equality, sovereignty, and mutual benefit while also adopting bureaucratic and geopolitical practices. Through an analysis of the Bank’s governance design, operational innovations, and evolving development philosophy, …

Combating Human Rights Abuses In The Democratic Republic Of Congo, Karan Kuppa-Apte

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This article focuses on human rights abuses stemming from the mining industry of the Democratic Republic of Congo, particularly in the country's eastern region. It argues that the United States (US), European Union (EU), and China should strive to uphold human rights in DRC because of their significant global presence and involvement in the country's mining industry. It begins with an overview of the conflict, including its historical origins, relevant actors, and current status quo. It continues by describing two unsuccessful strategies that have been tried to protect human rights. It concludes with a recommendation to the US, EU, and …

Silenced Voices: An Exploration Of Religious Oppression And Human Rights Violation In Post-Revolutionary Iran, Isabella Caradonna

Bates College Undergraduate Law Review

No abstract provided.

Bates College Undergraduate Law Review: Volume Ii, Issue I, Fall 2025, Bates College Law Society

Bates College Undergraduate Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constrained Response Generation For Conversational Generative Ai Agents, Łukasz Bieniasz-Krzywiec, Kyle Boone, Ryan Carl Yao Yu

Defensive Publications Series

The use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) agents in various applications can be affected by the underlying models exhibiting hallucinations and/or vulnerability to prompt injection attacks. In customer-facing applications, such as taking orders for quick service restaurants (QSR) or drive-through restaurants, model hallucinations can create a risk of brand damage and/or bad publicity. This disclosure describes techniques that constrain the output of generative AI agents using deterministic control to reduce off-topic or inappropriate responses in structured conversational contexts such as order-taking in a quick service restaurant. A deterministic control module includes a state machine whose states are the current context. …

Adaptive Placement Of Augmented Reality User Interface Elements Using Reinforcement Learning, Dongeek Shin

Defensive Publications Series

Conventional augmented reality (AR) systems often struggle to accurately and contextually place user interface (UI) elements, leading to a non-immersive or intrusive user experience. This disclosure presents a method for personalized UI placement in AR through reinforcement learning. The technique utilizes an agent trained with deep reinforcement learning to determine the optimal position and orientation of virtual UI elements. Input features, including environmental depth maps, eye-tracking data, and application context, are processed to inform placement decisions. The agent learns from both implicit user interactions, like gaze aversion or physical interference, and explicit user corrections. This process allows the UI placement …

Cross-Device Eye-Tracking Calibration Via Reference Model Remapping, Mar Gonzalez Franco, Eric Jordan Gonzalez, Lucy Abramyan, Karan Ahuja, Prasanthi Gurumurthy, Khushman Jayantilal Patel

Defensive Publications Series

Eye-tracking calibration models are often specific to a particular device’s sensor geometry, requiring extensive data collection and retraining when camera or LED positions are altered in new hardware. This process is resource-intensive and hinders the portability of models across different devices. A method is disclosed for adapting a comprehensive eye-tracking model from a reference device to a new device with a different sensor layout. By collecting a minimal set of new calibration points on the target device, a transformation matrix is generated. This matrix remaps the existing reference model to the new geometry. The primary purpose of this technique is …

Visual Cue For Item Value Discrepancy In An Augmented Reality Environment, Nick Dugal

Defensive Publications Series

Wearable devices, such as augmented reality (AR) devices and smart glasses, lack an intuitive, non-disruptive mechanism for informing a user about suboptimal pricing for a viewed item. This disclosure describes a method for displaying a dynamic visual cue, such as a stylized line, proximate to an item’s displayed price. The properties of this cue, including color, thickness, or animation, can be modified to convey the magnitude of the value discrepancy. User interaction with the cue can reveal detailed comparison pricing sourced from various databases. This price-matching information can also be transferred to a secondary device. The primary purpose is to …

Design-Time Preview System For Blended User Interfaces On Transparent Displays, Adhithya Ramakumar, Louis Benedict Pullen-Freilich

Defensive Publications Series

Designing user interfaces for transparent additive displays presents a challenge in which graphical blend modes alter specified UI colors based on the real-world background, creating a mismatch between the design intent and the final user experience. This limitation forces a slow, iterative workflow of deploying to a physical device to verify visual appearance. A method is disclosed for generating an accurate design-time preview of such UIs directly within a development environment. The technique renders the complete UI to an offscreen buffer and then composites the UI against a representative background using a graphics layer with a specified blend mode. This …

Economic Evaluation Of Ai-Assisted Technologies In Healthcare: A Systematic Review, Wen-Tung Wu, Yi-Wen Chao, Tsung-Kun Lin, Ching-Kuo Huang, Ping-Hsuan Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly integrated into healthcare, yet their economic value remains uncertain. Traditional economic evaluation methods may not adequately capture the unique features of AI, including dynamic model evolution, scalability, and broader societal impacts. This systematic review synthesized existing evidence on the cost-effectiveness of AI-based healthcare interventions and assessed the methodological rigor of published studies. A comprehensive search identified health economic evaluations of AI applications published between September 2019 and March 2025, following PRISMA and SWiM guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025641230). Eligible studies were full economic evaluations comparing AI-based interventions with non-AI alternatives, and data were …

Combination Treatment Of Cordycepin And Radiation Induces Apoptosis Accompanied By Protective Autophagy In Tm3 Mouse Leydig Progenitor Cells, Yu-Yan Lan, Yi-Ping Lee, Wei-Ru Huang, Chun-Ying Yu, Lyh-Jyh Hao, Chun-Hung Lin, Bu-Miin Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Leydig cells are anatomically located in the testicular interstitial tissue, and their main function is to produce and secrete testosterone and indirectly support spermatogenesis. We previously reported that the combination treatment of cordycepin and radiation can effectively induce Leydig tumor cell apoptosis through cell cycle arrest, caspase activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and DNA damage. However, there is still a lack of scientific evidence for the susceptibility of normal Leydig cells to the combination treatment. In the present study, mouse TM3 Leydig progenitor cells were used as a model to evaluate the effects and mechanisms …

Development Of An Untargeted Metabolomics Analytical Protocol For Fecal Samples By Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, Tsai-Wei Ting, Chih-Ning Cheng, Chieh-Chang Chen, Ching-Hua Kuo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gut microbiota has recently gained attention for its role in regulating multiple host pathways and contributing to disease developments. Fecal metabolomics using liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry (LC—MS) offers a promising approach to study gut microbial metabolites; however, it remains technically challenging due to the complex, heterogeneous nature of fecal samples and the lack of standardized protocols. This study aimed to establish a robust and reproducible untargeted fecal metabolomics workflow. We systematically evaluated sample preparation parameters―including sample amount, extraction solvent, numbers of extraction, and sample-to-solvent ratio―and assessed method reproducibility. Additionally, we compared three LC—MS data acquisition workflows using 10 samples from inflammatory …