Digital Commons Network^™

Counter 5: Lessons Learned And New Insights Achieved, Jill Emery, Lorraine Estelle, Stephanie J. Adams

Library Faculty and Staff Publications and Presentations

COUNTER (Counting Online Usage of NeTworked Electronic Resources) Release 5 has brought many improvements to reporting usage of e-resources. This session covered the three main developments which are the ability to see both total and unique downloads, the default exclusion of Gold Open Access usage in Standard View reports, and the introduction of the Unique_Title metric for reporting e-book usage. Examples of the manner in which different types of e-journal and e-book usage are reported with the new metrics as well as recommendations for calculating cost per use were also provided. Detailed information on Release 5 can be found in …

Communities Of Place Vs Communities Of Interest In The United States: Citizen Information And Locally Unwanted Land Uses In Eia, Hal T. Nelson, Samantha Hass, Kirsten Sarle, Alex Renirie

Public Administration Faculty Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• The distances from citizens' addresses to the project were geocoded.
• Citizen comments either contested knowledge in the EIA or provided missing information.
• Type of Community → Concern/Type of Information →Project Outcome
• Contested knowledge on the need for the project was important.
• Institutional preferences were important in explaining the outcomes.

On The Application, Reporting, And Sharing Of In Silico Simulations For Genetic Studies, Kaleigh Riggs, Huann-Sheng Chen, Melissa Rotunno, Bing Li, Naoko I Simonds, Leah E Mechanic, Bo Peng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In silico simulations play an indispensable role in the development and application of statistical models and methods for genetic studies. Simulation tools allow for the evaluation of methods and investigation of models in a controlled manner. With the growing popularity of evolutionary models and simulation-based statistical methods, genetic simulations have been applied to a wide variety of research disciplines such as population genetics, evolutionary genetics, genetic epidemiology, ecology, and conservation biology. In this review, we surveyed 1409 articles from five journals that publish on major application areas of genetic simulations. We identified 432 papers in which genetic simulations were used …

Tools For Visualizing And Analyzing Fourier Space Sampling In Cryo-Em, Philip R Baldwin, Dmitry Lyumkis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

A complete understanding of how an orientation distribution contributes to a cryo-EM reconstruction remains lacking. It is necessary to begin critically assessing the set of views to gain an understanding of its effect on experimental reconstructions. Toward that end, we recently suggested that the type of orientation distribution may alter resolution measures in a systematic manner. We introduced the sampling compensation factor (SCF), which incorporates how the collection geometry might change the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SSNR), irrespective of the other experimental aspects. We show here that knowledge of the sampling restricted to spherical surfaces of sufficiently large radii in Fourier …

Hands-On Training About Overfitting, Janez Demšar, Blaž Zupan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Overfitting is one of the critical problems in developing models by machine learning. With machine learning becoming an essential technology in computational biology, we must include training about overfitting in all courses that introduce this technology to students and practitioners. We here propose a hands-on training for overfitting that is suitable for introductory level courses and can be carried out on its own or embedded within any data science course. We use workflow-based design of machine learning pipelines, experimentation-based teaching, and hands-on approach that focuses on concepts rather than underlying mathematics. We here detail the data analysis workflows we use …

The Crosstalk Between Cardiomyocyte Calcium And Inflammasome Signaling Pathways In Atrial Fibrillation, Xiaolei Wang, Xiaohui Chen, Dobromir Dobrev, Na Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia in adults. The prevalence and incidence of AF is going to increase substantially over the next a few decades. Because AF increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia, and others, it severely impacts the quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Although the pathogenesis of AF is multifaceted and complex, focal ectopic activity and reentry are considered as the fundamental proarrhythmic mechanisms underlying AF development. Over the past 2 decades, large amount of evidence points to the key role of intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation in both initiation and maintenance of AF. More recently, …

Ceramide Synthase Tlcd3b Is A Novel Gene Associated With Human Recessive Retinal Dystrophy, Renae Elaine Bertrand, Jun Wang, Kaitlyn H Xiong, Chinthana Thangavel, Xinye Qian, Rola Ba-Abbad, Qingnan Liang, Renata T Simões, Shirley A M Sampaio, Keren J Carss, F Lucy Raymond, Anthony G Robson, Andrew R Webster, Gavin Arno, Fernanda Belga Ottoni Porto, Rui Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: Previous studies suggest that ceramide is a proapoptotic lipid as high levels of ceramides can lead to apoptosis of neuronal cells, including photoreceptors. However, no pathogenic variant in ceramide synthases has been identified in human patients and knockout of various ceramide synthases in mice has not led to photoreceptor degeneration.

METHODS: Exome sequencing was used to identify candidate disease genes in patients with vision loss as confirmed by standard evaluation methods, including electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography. The vision loss phenotype in mice was evaluated by ERG and histological analyses.

RESULTS: Here we have identified four patients with …

Analysis Of Time-Phased Estimates Accuracy, Budget Profile And Under-Spending In Defense Acquisition Programs, Thinh Q. Tran

Theses and Dissertations

As fiscal resources become more limited due to the expanding range of mission needs, accurate cost estimating and budgeting have become more important than ever before. Accurate cost estimates allow the Department of Defense (DoD) to budget with confidence and to effectively communicate its needs to Congress. This research looks to analyze estimates from Air Force’s programs using Milestone B and Initial Operational Capability as the analysis window. Initial analysis of the linear interpolation of the percent budget change indicates that there is underspending in the earlier stages of acquisition programs’ development cycle. Additionally, looking at the cumulative budget change …

Amplitude Estimation For The Large Clutter Discrete Removal Algorithm, Hannah Gjermo Chomitz

Theses and Dissertations

A large clutter discrete (LCD) is spectrally bright localized clutter that can cause a false alarm or missed target detection in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) radar data. For passive bistatic STAP, the four step LCD removal (LCDR) algorithm estimates the spatial/Doppler frequency and complex amplitude of the LCD and then removes it from the data. Once the LCD is removed from the data, homogeneous clutter suppression techniques can be used to process the data and search for targets. This research focuses on reducing the complexity of estimating the LCDs complex amplitude. This research proposes a method that directly solves for …

Characterization And Analysis Of Bomarc Accident Debris, Aaron J. Heffelfinger

Theses and Dissertations

Accidents involving nuclear weapons, such as the Boeing Michigan Aeronautical Research Center (BOMARC) accident in 1960, always pose a significant risk of allowing particles composed of nuclear materials to enter the environment. These particles often differ in characteristics and can be of greatly varying sizes. Gamma ray analysis was conducted on the soil sample and radioisotopes within the sample were identified. Two non-destructive methods for locating actinide bearing particles within the sample were testing, resulting in 70 actinide bearing particles ranging from 1-34 microns being identified. These 70 particles underwent both morphological and elemental characterization, indicating uranium and other elements.

Space To High-Altitude Region Adjoint Neutron Transport, Zachary W. Lamere

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this work was to use the adjoint transport equation to characterize the energy spectrum of a point neutron source using the time-energy fluence at the satellite. The adjoint transport was solved via Monte Carlo methods in the new program called Space to Air High-Altitude Region Adjoint (SAHARA). A new adjoint source event estimator was developed to improve the computational efficiency. This work explores SAHARA’s performance using mono-energetic and continuous sources. In general, the identified source spectra were noticeably shifted towards lower energies, but were able to capture the source spectrum shapes. Lastly, SAHARA was applied to the …

Dynamic Holography In Resonant Nonlinear Media: Theory And Application, Jonathan E. Slagle

Theses and Dissertations

Two beam coupling (TBC) is a coherent interaction in which energy is transferred from one laser beam to another and has promising applications in real-time holography and coherent beam combing. We have recently shown efficient degenerate frequency TBC for counter-propagation geometries in isotropic two-photon absorbing media pumped with a nanosecond pulsed laser. When an interference pattern is generated in this media, single and two photon absorption initiates a population redistribution resulting in a holographic grating with the same modulation period and phase initially. However, due to temporal convolution of self- and cross-phase modulation, the grating will begin to shift in …

An Analysis Of The Effects Of Technology Readiness Levels On Cost Growth, Christopher R. Bissing

Theses and Dissertations

This research seeks to evaluate the effects of Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) on Cost Growth. It makes use of data from Technology Readiness Assessments (TRA) and Selected Acquisition Reports (SAR) to explore relationships between TRLs at Milestone B and cost growth in Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAP) and Major Automated Information Systems (MAIS). Programs using higher proportions of critical technologies rated below TRL 7 tend to experience greater cost growth than programs that use more mature technologies. Current DoD doctrine requires TRL 6 to enter Milestone B. The results of this research seek to evaluate the merit of this requirement. …

Characterization Of The Spatial Distribution And Evolution Of Cerium And Calcium In Laser Produced Plasma, Michael G. Rynders

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding plasma plumes and the distribution of plasma species microseconds after their formation has a variety of applications in fields such as hypersonics, explosion and combustion dynamics, and nuclear fireball chemistry. In this work, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) using double pulses of 532 nm light were used to analyze samples of cerium in atmospheres of air, vacuum, and argon. Cerium was used in this experiment to serve as a plutonium surrogate. CeO₂ powder was pressed with CaO at 90-10 ratio to produce calcium doped pellets for use as sputtering targets. Inclusion of calcium impurities allowed the identification of …

Correction Of Back Trajectories Utilizing Machine Learning, Britta F. Gjermo Morrison

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this work was to analyze 24-hour back trajectory performance from a global, low-resolution weather model compared to a high-resolution limited area weather model in particular meteorological regimes, or flow patterns using K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique. The duration of this study was from 2015-2019 for the contiguous United States (CONUS). Three different machine learning algorithms were tested to study the utility of these methods improving the performance of the CFS relative to the performance of the RAP. The aforementioned machine learning techniques are linear regression, Bayesian ridge regression, and random forest regression. These results mean …

Display Design To Avoid And Mitigate Limit Cycle Oscillations (Lco) On The F-16c, David J. Feibus

Theses and Dissertations

The U.S. Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcons flying characteristics and flight envelope are dynamic and defined by its external weapon stores configuration. The employment of its munitions at certain speeds can put the F-16 into a flutter-like state in which Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCO) are induced. In LCO, a pilots fine motor control might be hindered, and the aircraft may lose combat effectiveness until flight conditions are reduced. The current research attempted to provide pilots with a predictive feedback display to avoid an LCO-susceptible configuration by increasing their situation awareness about the consequences of employing certain munitions to their flight …

Error Reduction For The Determination Of Transverse Moduli Of Single-Strand Carbon Fibers Via Atomic Force Microscopy, Joshua D. Frey

Theses and Dissertations

The transverse modulus of single strand carbon fibers is measured using PeakForce Atomic Force Microscopy - Quantitative Nanomechanical Measurement to less than 5 percent error for 11 types of carbon fiber with longitudinal moduli between 924-231 GPA, including export-controlled fibers. Statistical methods are employed to improve the quality of data to exclude outliers within an measurement and within the sample set. A positive linear correlation between the longitudinal and transverse modulus with an R²=0.76 is found. Pitch-based fibers exhibit lower measurement error than PAN-based fibers, while PAN fibers exhibited no apparent modulus correlation when the Pitch fibers are …

Modeling Situation Awareness In A Uav Scenario Using Sysml, Tommy R. Hernandez

Theses and Dissertations

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is rapidly moving towards using increasingly automated systems. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) will be used in contested environments where direct human control may be impossible for long stretches of time. This increase in automation brings with it challenges in maintaining resilient Situation Awareness (SA) for operators, who still need to set goals for the UAS to accomplish their missions. Simultaneously, the DoD is increasing the adoption of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in the development of weapon systems. This thesis explores the use of SysML to model of an SA repair system for a UAS …

Enumerating And Locating Bluetooth Devices For Casualty Recovery In A First-Responder Environment, Justin M. Durham

Theses and Dissertations

It is difficult for first-responders to quickly locate casualties in an emergency environment such as an explosion or natural disaster. In order to provide another tool to locate individuals, this research attempts to identify and estimate the location of devices that would likely be located on or with a person. A variety of devices, such as phones, smartwatches, and Bluetooth-enabled locks, are tested in multiple environments and at various heights to determine the impact that placement and interference played in locating the devices. The hypothesis is that most Bluetooth devices can be successfully enumerated quickly, but cannot be accurately located …

Surface Defect Detection In Aircraft Skin & Visual Navigation Based On Forced Feature Selection Through Segmentation, Tyler B. Hussey

Theses and Dissertations

Visual inspection of aircraft skin for surface defects is an area of maintenance that is particularly intensive for time and manpower. One novel way to combat this problem is through the use of computer vision and the advent of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), or more specifically, semantic segmentation via Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The research in the paper explores the use of semantic segmentation of aerial imagery as a way to force feature selection onto key areas of an image that might be more likely to correspond under seasonal variations. Utilizing feature selection and matching on the masked aerial image …

Supporting Space Domain Awareness Through The Development And Analysis Of Space Object Detection Algorithms Employed By Ground-Based Telescopes, Connor A. Paw

Theses and Dissertations

Detection algorithms are instrumental in maintaining space domain awareness, specifically in the observation, monitoring, and categorization of unknown space objects. State of the art detection algorithms utilize a matched filter or a spatial correlator on long exposure image data to make pixel-wise detection decisions. This thesis investigates the advantages and practical potential of two different post-processing detection algorithms that can be employed by ground-based telescopes. The first algorithm explored is based on a long exposure Fourier domain processing technique, while the second is centered around frame selection from a series of short exposure images. The results of the experiments performed …

Examining The Impact Of Logistics On Military Strength Among European Nations Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Hunter C. Kalin

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to evaluate if logistics and economic factors affect how a country achieves its military power. Countries have focused on material factors such as nuclear weapons or massive military presence for far too long. What has not been discussed is, do other factors play a role in achieving military power. This study applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and linear regression to a series of United States European Command (EUCOM) countries and the United States to understand how efficient each country was at achieving its military power. Additionally, the overall relationship between military power and each …

A Simulation Modeling The Effects Of Maintenance Personnel On Aircraft Sortie Generation, Benjamin D. Huffman

Theses and Dissertations

Commanders and wargamers lack adequate tools to quickly determine the number of mission-capable (MC) aircraft and number of achievable sorties to support wargames and exercises. Even less understood is the impact of available maintenance personnel on sortie generation. The Expected-Number-of-In-Game-Mission-capable Aircraft (ENIGMA) simulation was recently developed to calculate the number of MC aircraft and number of sorties own accounting for the number and type of aircraft, scheduled sorties, mean-time-between-failure (MTBF), and mean-time-to-repair (MTTR). ENIGMA is extended by replacing the MTTR input with functions derived from actual numbers and types of maintenance personnel available. Functions in the form of response surface …

Stochastic Programming Design For West Africa Logistics Networks, Julius C. Walker

Theses and Dissertations

The USAFRICOM is studying methods to increase the resiliency of its West African Logistic Network, a hub-and-spoke network design responsible for sustaining long term humanitarian and security missions in the West Africa region. This paper employs a two-stage stochastic programming network design modeled on the WALN that builds a flexible supply chain capable of responding to periodic disruptions while maintaining peak resiliency. Elements such as cost, probability, and event-based disruption are integrated into the model to mirror challenges the WALN faces. We demonstrate that incorporating resilient based response mechanism provide a 90% reduction in cost compared to meeting the logistical …

The Library Of Babel For Prior Art: Using Artificial Intelligence To Mass Produce Prior Art In Patent Law, Lucas R. Yordy

Vanderbilt Law Review

Artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly important role in the invention and innovation processes of our society. To date, though, much of the academic discussion on the interaction of artificial intelligence and the patent system focuses on the patentability of inventions produced by artificial intelligence. Little attention has been paid to organizations that are seeking to use artificial intelligence to defeat the patentability of otherwise patent-worthy inventions by mass producing prior art. This Note seeks to highlight the consequences of allowing mass-produced, AI-generated prior art to render valuable inventions unpatentable. Specifically, this Note concludes that AI-generated prior art decreases the …

Mathematics Embedded In Culture: The Weaves Of Batak Basketry, Ma. Louise De Las Peñas, Agnes D.; Garciano, Debbie Marie; Verzosa

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

A close look at the art of basket weaving of the Batak indigenous community in Palawan, Philippines, discloses the depth of mathematics present in the weaves of the baskets. Using white and black one-sided bamboo strips, Batak weavers are able to construct a basket of a given size that displays highly symmetric patterns. The presence of elaborate patterns in the baskets indicates masterful planning by the weaver and an inherent knowledge of algebraic and geometric principles even without formal training in mathematics.KEYWORDS: BATAK • BASKET • WEAVE • SYMMETRY • PATTERN

Analysis Of Recent Trends In Continuous Sign Language Recognition Using Nlp, Vijayshri Nitin Khedkar, Sonali Kothari Dr, Aarohi Prasad, Arunima Mishra, Varun Saha, Vinay Kumar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Oralism is an ideology and practice that advocates communication that is based solely on speech. This practice is encouraged from a pretty early age in our country. As a consequence, the hard of hearing are constantly forced to negotiate with schools, colleges, organisations, workspaces, and families that don’t acknowledge the need and preference for sign language over oral languages. This results in inconsideration of an entire community for admissions, jobs and general social position. We aim to close that communication gap a little and take a step towards fighting the stigma associated with Sign Language. The aim is to provide …

Research Trends Of Icar-Iari Scientists: A Scientometric Analysis, Nidhisha P K, Sarangapani R Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the research publication of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute published from 1989 to 2020. The study focuses on axes like publication growth, document type, country, journals, authors and trending topics. A total of 8764 publications visible through the Web of Science database as of January 2021 consider for the study. Bibexcel, Bibliometrix R-packages and MS Excel are the data analysis tools. The major findings show that Articles are the most published form of research works and the USA is the most collaborative country. Most of the top productive journals are Indian journals. …

Scientometric Analysis And Visualization Of Astrovirus Based On R-Packages, Sivankalai S, Virumandi A, Sivasekaran K, Bala Sankar B, Balamurugan B, Sharmila M, Kaladevi P

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

We examined scientific production of the astroviruses study community done the past two decades in the worldwide. Scientometric methods, particularly the literature development models, Document types, Most Global Cited Documents, Most Frequent Words, Authors collaboration, Author Impact (h-index, g-index, m-index), Most Local Cited Authors, Relevant Countries by Corresponding Author, Most Cited Countries, Most Relevant Affiliations are identified. The results of this study confess that the scientific literature on astroviruses in worldwide had grown-up exponentially with an annual growth rate of about 8.86% during the above declared period. Journal of medical virology were the most productive journals contributing 71 articles of …

Conserved And Divergent Aspects Of Robo Receptor Signaling And Regulation Between Drosophila Robo1 And C. Elegans Sax-3, Trant Daiber, Christine J. Vanderzwan-Butler, Greg J. Bashaw, Timonthy A. Evans

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The evolutionarily conserved Roundabout (Robo) family of axon guidance receptors control midline crossing of axons in response to the midline repellant ligand Slit in bilaterian animals including insects, nematodes, and vertebrates. Despite this strong evolutionary conservation, it is unclear whether the signaling mechanism(s) downstream of Robo receptors are similarly conserved. To directly compare midline repulsive signaling in Robo family members from different species, here we use a transgenic approach to express the Robo family receptor SAX-3 from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in neurons of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We examine SAX-3’s ability to repel Drosophila axons from the …