Digital Commons Network^™

The Relationship Between Data Transfer Rate And Distance In Power Networks Modems, Salih Mahmood

Engineering and Technology Journal

With the rapid growth of communication networks, reliable and economical communication systems are needed and can be implemented in buildings. PLC uses electrical wiring to transmit information and provides high-speed and cheap data communications, such as home networks and Internet access. PLC is a hostile environment for communication, making communication signals spread difficult and experiencing significant challenges such as noise, attenuation and interference. This research focus on the challenges of communications via power lines such as distance and stability. Performance factors are tested and studied through the actual application of communication networks by connecting modems and computers in the network …

Proposed Design Against High-Cycle Fatigue Failure Of Metallic Beams Using Lamination, Riyah Kiter

Engineering and Technology Journal

Fatigue analysis helps in predicting life of the component and seeks improvements of the whole process in design phase. Efforts are continually made to combat the fatigue phenomenon, yet certain mechanical components are still failing due to fatigue. The present work proposes a laminated design of beams, which undergo fatigue. The well-known Paris-Erdogan formula was used to theoretically predict fatigue life of the proposed design. The design was shown to enhance fatigue properties through laminating the cross section of the component; Barriers in front of a propagating crack is deliberately included by lamination. Spectacular levels of improvement in the fatigue …

Effect Of Dem And Land Cover Resolutions On Simulated Runoff Of Adhaim Watershed By Swat Model, Mahmoud Saleh Al-Khafaji, Fouad Saeed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Accurate estimation of surface runoff by using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is highly depends on the accuracy of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Land Cove and Land Use (LC/LU), soil and weather data as input variables. The interactive and complementary effects of the DEM and LC/LU resolutions on the estimated runoff were not taken into consideration in previous studies. This research aims to study these effects on the accuracy of runoff estimation of Adhaim Watershed by using SWAT Model. Twenty surface runoff estimation SWAT models of Adhaim Watershed were implemented using five DEMs with spatial resolution of …

Tuning Of A Pid Controller By Bacterial Foraging Algorithm For Position Control Of Dc Servo Motor, Manal Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Controlling the position of Direct Current servo motor is the first aim of this paper, by Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA), the best Proportional – Integral - Derivative (PID) controller parameters were obtained through Mat-Lab application, including the simulation and modeling of Direct Current servo motor, BFA controller and conventional PID Controller as benchmark to the performance of BFA. Proportional – Integral - Derivative controller is a closed loop system, the error made by the Direct Current motor was corrected and determine the correct position to the desired point were controlled By integrating the Proportional – Integral - Derivative controller. Kp, …

Levels Of Lead And Chromium Ions In Different Brands Of Lipstick Sold At Local Markets In Iraq, Shaymaa Khazaal, Khalida Al-Azawi, Hamsa Eessa, Abdulnasser Al-Gebori Al-Gebori, Hasan Obayes, Abeer Khasraghi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Lead and Chromium ion samples of five commercial samplesof each of twenty brands of lipstick sold at locally markets in Iraq weredetermined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Samples ofdigested Lipstick were used, acid digestion method using acids HCl:HNO3 in ratio 1:3 were used before analysis. Average for analyzedsamples were Pb, 0.10-4.85 ppm; Cr, 0.18-5.2 ppm. Samples No.9 andNo.4 showed the least concentrations of Pb and Cr respectively. Thesevalues are not expected to be toxic to humans. However, exposure overlong periods might cause accumulation of the elements in the body andeven at low concentration; some metals could initiate allergic reactions.

Intrusion Detection System Based On Data Mining Techniques To Reduce False Alarm Rate, Sarah Shareef, Soukeana Hashim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Nowadays, Security of network traffic is becoming a major issue ofcomputer network system according to the huge development of internet.Intrusion detection system has been used for discovering intrusion and tomaintain the security information from attacks. In this paper, produced twolevels of mining algorithms to construct Network Intrusion Detection System(NIDS) and to reduce false alarm rate, in the first level Naïve Bayes algorithmis used to classify abnormal activity into the main four attack types fromnormal behavior. In the second level ID3 decision tree algorithm is used toclassify four attack types into (22) children of attacks from normal behavior.To evaluate the performance …

New Strategies For Associative Memories, Azad Kareem, Saja Talib

Engineering and Technology Journal

Associative memory is a neural network used to save collection of input and output data at its layers. Each output data is produced coincide with a given input. It can be useful as an artificial memory in many applications like (military, medical, data security systems, error detection and correction systems …etc.). There are two matters which limit the uses of associative memory; the limited storage capacity, and the error occurred in the reading of output data. A modified strategy is suggested to overcome these limitations by introducing a new algorithm to the design of the associative memory. This method provides …

Design And Analysis Of American Sign Language Classifier Based On N-Tuple Technique, Mahmuod Al-Muifraje, Thamir Saeed, Mosab Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work consists of three stages: the first stage is the collection of data (images) for 26 letters alphabet, which is 1040 images, 40 for each class (letter). The second stage is the Preprocessing (segmentation, filtering, crop, convert to a binary image and feature extraction) and the last stage is the classy one. Two filters have been used median and wiener2 to treatment two types of noise; the salt and pepper and Gaussian noise respectively. The classification has been satisfied by using an n-tuple classifier algorithm is 93.8462%, while it is 93.2692% with salt and pepper noise. In this context, …

Shear Strength Of Concrete Deep Beam Subjected To Uniformly Distributed Load, Eyal Sayhood, Ali Resheq, Ayad Habeeb

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, result of tests on 20 simply supported concrete deep beams are presented. All tested beams have dimensions of (150 x 400 x 1100) mm and tested under (1, 2, 4 and 8) point loads. The considered parameters are shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d), concrete compressive strength (fʹc) and longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρw).The influence of these parameters on cracking and ultimate load, load versus deflection response and concrete strain are investigated.The results showed that the decrease in the (a/d) ratio from 1.373 to 0.412 leads to a decrease in cracking and ultimate shear strengths by average …

Robust Visual Lips Feature Extraction Method For Improved Visual Speech Recognition System, Mahmuod Mahmmed, Thamir Saeed, Wissam Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

Recently, automatic lips reading ALR acquired a significant interest among many researchers due to its adoption in many applications. One such application is in speech recognition system in noisy environment, where visual cue that contain some integral information added to the audio signal, as well as the way that person merges audio-visual stimulus to identify utterance. The unsolved part of this problem is the utterance classification using only the visual cues without the availability of acoustic signal of the talker's speech. By taking into considerations a set of frames from recorded video for a person uttering a word; a robust …

Analytical Characterization And Antimicrobial Activity Of Bismuth Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Laser Ablation Technique, Abdul Hadi Judran

Engineering and Technology Journal

Bismuth nanoparticles were synthesized using laser ablation technique by focusing solid bismuth target in distilled deionized water by 1064 nm and 532 nm laser radiations generated by Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser, respectively. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The XRD pattern of the synthesized sample was indexed as. UV–Vis spectrophotometer indicated that the peak of absorption spectra of bismuth nanoparticles located in UV-region (230 nm) and increased towards IR region with increase laser energy and laser wavelength. SEM and TEM exhibited spherical shape …

The Role And Important Of Internet Of Things In Building Sustainable City, Nahla Alwan, Muna Al-Nuaimi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Every year many people migrate from country to city to live there. This will load a big pressure on the whole living in the city, Baghdad city also suffer from this problem in addition to other found problems like energy consumption , waste accumulate , Traffic congestion, noise, environmental pollution. To offer a good sustainable future living to population without any damage to environment and to solve many problems , one can use internet of things which is the connection network of the things especially with high spread of networks now which Internet of things based on it .the purpose …

Design A Fuzzy Pid Controller For Trajectory Tracking Of Mobile Robot, M.J. Mohamed, M.Y. Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, a trajectory tracking control for a non-holonomic differential wheeled mobile robot (WMR) system is presented. A big number of investigations have been used the kinematic model of mobile robot which is a nonlinear model in nature, thus a hard task to control it. This work focuses on the design of fuzzy PID controller tuned with a firefly optimization algorithm for the kinematic model of mobile robot. The firefly optimization algorithm has been used to find the best values of controller's parameters. The aim of this controller is trying to force the mobile robot tracking a pre-defined continuous …

Effect Of Polymer Additives On Permeability Of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures, H.H. Jony, M.M. Hilal, D.S. Helan

Engineering and Technology Journal

The presence of water in the pavement structure causes early deterioration and leads to less pavement durability as a result of loss of bond between aggregate and binder and may causes loss of strength and stability in mixture, The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of various polymer additives on permeability of asphalt concrete mixture. The surface wearing coarse type IIIA was chosen in this study. Three types of polymer additives were used in this study; (7% Latex Emulsion (LE), 7% Poly Vinyl Acetate with 4% Styrene Butadiene Styrene (PVA + SBS) and 8% Ethylene Diamine …

Indian Number Handwriting Features Extraction And Classification Using Multi-Class Svm, H.A. Jeiad

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, an Indian Number Handwriting Recognition Model (INHRM) is proposed. Mainly, the proposed model consists of four phases which are the image acquisition, image preprocessing, features extraction, and classification model. Initially, the captured images of the handwritten Indian numbers were enhanced and preprocessed to obtain the skeleton for the interested object. The extracted features of the handwritten Indian numbers were obtained by calculating four parameters for each captured number sample, these parameters are the number of starting points, the number of intersection points, the average zoning which consists of four values, and finally, the normalized chain vector of …

Accuracy Assessment Of World View-2 Satellite Imagery For Planimetric Maps Production, A.Z. Khalaf, I.A.K. Alwan, T.A. Kadhum

Engineering and Technology Journal

A planimetric map of scale 1:10,000 meets the requirements of a large segment of user’s maps for instance urban city planners and various GIS implementations. Nowadays, a very high-resolution satellite images, such as World View02 (WV02) with spatial resolution of 0.5 m, are very important to produce planimetric maps or update existing ones. Main aim of this research is the assessment of WV02 image for production of the planimetric photomap of scale 1:10,000 with class 1 according to ASPRS standards (ASPRS give accuracy tolerances for map scales at 1:20,000 or larger, this accuracy reported as Class 1, 2, or 3). …

Metaphors And Socio-Cultural Values In China's Press Statement Translation, Adinda Natassa Valentine Hutabarat

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

In real practice, political text translations are in line with a country’s main foreign policies. Thus, an in-depth understanding on communicative strategies employed in translating political texts, e.g. press statements, is essential. The paper analyses the translation of press statements from the Source Text (Mandarin Chinese) into the Target Texts (English and Indonesian). To elaborate, this study uses van Dijk’s Political Discourse Analysis at the macro (contexts) and micro (texts) levels. By considering Newmark’s equivalent translation concept, as well as metaphor and annotated translations, the analysis reveals that the translation from China’s perspective uses metaphors and China’s socio-cultural values within …

Impact Of Green Finance On Environmentally Sustainable Development Goals, Shu Min Loh, Hui Shan Lee, Leong Mow Gooi, Suwen Xie

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

In this context, climate change represents a real phenomenon with significant implications for economies, industries, and societies worldwide. In the context of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, these implications are significant, given that the countries in question cumulatively account for a considerable share of global emissions, energy consumption, and industrial production. As these countries aim for a carbon-neutral future and continue the path toward the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set for 2030, the question for these countries, therefore, is not whether they should act but how they can act in a sustainable manner toward a …

Does Realised Range Volatility Improve Multivariate Volatility Forecasting? Evidence From Bursa Malaysia Sectors, Mariam Mohamed Abdelwahab Mohamed Badawi, Sew Lai Ng, Ruzanna Ab Razak, Shaikh Fazlur Rahman

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

This study examines whether realised range volatility improves multivariate volatility forecasting performance in an emerging equity market setting. A comparison between vector heterogeneous autoregressive models constructed with realised volatility, realised range volatility, and conventional return-based volatility measures is conducted using sectoral data from the Bursa Malaysia. High-frequency data from September 2018 to December 2024 were collected from the financial data provider Bloomberg. The analysis evaluates out-of-sample forecasting accuracy using a set of 5 loss functions, including symmetric (MSE and MAE) and asymmetric (QLIKE) criteria. The outcomes provide compelling and strong evidence that realised range volatility measures deliver superior forecasting performance …

An Initial Formulation Of A Tactile-Based Art Creation Method From A Low-Vision Artist's Relief Painting Practice At Yayasan Teratai Bali, Ida Bagus Komang Sindu Putra, I Wayan Adnyana, I Wayan Karja, I Wayan Sujana

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

This article examines the relief painting practice of one low-vision artist at Yayasan Teratai Bali as the basis for an initial formulation of a tactile-oriented visual art creation method. It addresses a methodological gap in inclusive art education and disability art studies, where blind and low-vision individuals are often discussed as learners, participants, or audiences, while their own procedures for making artworks receive less attention. Using an instrumental case study with a descriptive-interpretive orientation, data were collected through repeated observation, informal conversational interviews, artwork and process documentation, close observation of textural details, and contextual workshop documentation. Recurring actions and statements …

One Size Does Not Fit All: Revisiting World Models And Neurosymbolic Ai, Amit P. Sheth, Madhur Thareja, Anushka Pawar, Niyati Rawal

Publications

World models are being built twice, from opposite ends, without a shared theory of how the two halves should meet. One lineage grounds the world model in perception: a self-supervised, latent-predictive encoder – exemplified by Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPA) – that learns the structure of sensory experi-ence. A second, older lineage grounds the world model in cognition: an explicit, inspectable structure of entities, rules, and constraints, ranging from knowledge graphs to formal logic to physical law. Neither lineage alone has produced a world model that is simultane-ously adaptive and auditable. We argue this is not solved by picking a …

Court Reform And State Constitutions, Bryna Godar, Miriam Seifter

Northwestern University Law Review

State legislatures regularly propose and enact laws that seek to shape the substantive outcomes of state courts. These maneuvers, including court-packing, jurisdiction-stripping, and more creative changes to judicial selection or authority, would amount to legal earthquakes at the federal level. At the state level, these efforts often receive virtually no attention.

This Essay brings the potent category of outcome-shaping state court reform measures into focus and evaluates it as a question of state constitutional law. We argue that state constitutions, organized around principles of popular sovereignty, do not bar measures that align state courts with popular preferences or the public’s …

State Constitutionalism's Fragile Wall, Adam B. Sopko

Northwestern University Law Review

The adequate and independent state grounds (AISG) doctrine has long demarcated the perimeter of the U.S. Supreme Court’s authority to review state court decisions, limiting review to questions of federal law. AISG maintains the Court’s primacy over federal law and state courts’ supremacy over state law. A comprehensive review of all filings on the Court’s docket from state courts over the last twenty years reveals that recent applications of AISG consist of subtle but significant departures from existing norms that, together, suggest a reformulation of the Court’s power over state courts that threatens their sovereign law development role. This Essay …

State Constitutional Rights And Judicial Power, Zachary D. Clopton

Northwestern University Law Review

On the one hand, we are in a moment when interest in state courts and state constitutional law is growing. Especially, though not exclusively, among those who question the Supreme Court of the United States, there are increasing calls for state supreme courts to rely on state constitutions to expand rights. On the other hand, we are in a moment when interest in reducing the power of the courts is growing. Especially, though not exclusively, among those who question the Supreme Court of the United States, there are increasingly calls for reining in judicial power.

This Essay is not an …

Genomic Characterization Of Er-Positive Primary Tumors And Corresponding Relapses Identifies Potentially Targetable Alterations, Caroline Schagerholm Stanev, Stephanie Robertson, Hosein Toosi, Emmanouil G. Sifakis, Jens Lagergren, Johan Hartman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The majority of breast cancer patients have tumors expressing estrogen receptor α (ER) and receive endocrine therapy. However, around one-third relapse in their disease, predominantly with retained ER expression. Molecular alterations are proposed to be contributors to the resistance mechanisms. Patients with ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative primary breast cancer with an ER-positive relapse <  5 years of ongoing endocrine therapy were retrospectively assessed. Extracted DNA was analyzed through panel sequencing, and RNA by microarray, from patients’ primary (n = 58), and paired relapse tumors (n = 54), and tumor-free lymph nodes (DNA germline controls, n = 62). Several single-nucleotide variations and copy number variations showed nominal exploratory associations with worse overall survival. Copy number correlations with intrinsic subtypes and …

Alport Syndrome In Children: Bridging Genetic Insights To Clinical Management—A Narrative Review, Shawn Iqbal, Halima Saadia Janjua

Student Publications

Background and Objective: Alport syndrome is a hereditary disorder of type IV collagen that commonly presents in childhood with persistent hematuria and carries a lifelong risk of progressive kidney disease and extrarenal complications. Despite advances in genetic diagnostics, important gaps remain in early risk stratification, variant interpretation, and recognition of expanding phenotypes. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the genetic architecture, clinical spectrum, and management of pediatric Alport syndrome, with a focus on early diagnosis and disease-modifying interventions.

Methods: A targeted literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE to identify English-language human studies published between January 2000 and …

Do The Members Of The Un Security Council Have An Absolute Right To Veto A Un Security Council Resolution?, Asif H. Qureshi

Pace International Law Review

The focus of this article is the exercise of the UN Security Council “veto.” This is done through an examination of the question whether members of the UN Security Council have an absolute right to veto? The author comes to this query against the background of different arguments that have been proffered thus far in the recent contemporary discourse on the issue and then presenting the author’s findings on this, including suggesting a strategic way of uncovering an authoritative answer to this vexed question that has thwarted the work of the UN Security Council in times of international crisis.

Correction To “Global Inventory Of Fluoropolymer Production Plants And Their Associated Pfas Environmental Contamination”, Anna J. Miller, Kevin Kleemann, Juliane GlüGe, Rainer Lohmann, Ian T. Cousins, Dorte Herzke, Mark F. Miller, Amanda Rensmo, Xenia Trier, Zhanyun Wang, Martin Scheringer

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Global Contributors, Local Maps: The Story Of Openstreetmap In A Small Town, Sterling Quinn

Geography Faculty Scholarship

Digital platform capitalism depends on geographic data to connect users with nearby goods and services, thus playing a role in both representing and shaping commercial landscapes. OpenStreetMap (OSM) represents a vast and low-cost geographic data source for platform capitalism; however, OSM is crowdsourced and exhibits uneven development across space, especially in rural areas. OSM researchers have observed that the map is built by a mix of local and remote volunteers, as well as corporate editors paid to identify and fill data gaps; however, deeper place-based inquiries are needed in order to better understand the process by which OSM contributors grow …

In The Problem Lies The Solution: How Digital Mindfulness Can Address The College Students’ Mental Health Crisis And Support Holistic Education, Steve Haberlin

Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education

The mental health of today’s college students remains a serious concern. The alarming trend of greater psychological distress among undergraduates shows no signs of slowing. Excessive smartphone usage, screen time, and social media have been attributed as partial factors. However, what if forms of digital mindfulness and technology-assisted contemplative practices are the key to assisting students with stress, anxiety, depression and other problems? In this article, the author posits that innovations, such as neurofeedback-loop meditation platforms that dramatically increase focus, virtual reality platforms featuring in depth-meditation instruction, and Artificial Intelligence have the potential to address the crisis, establishing a refreshed …