Digital Commons Network^™

Investigating The Oxygen Dependence Of Flash-Rt Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging, Trey Waldrop, Grace Murley, Brett Velasquez, Elise Konradsson, Denae Neill, Luke Connell, Alan Lopez Hernandez, Abagail Delahoussaye, F William Schuler, Jorge De La Cerda, Ziyi Li, Mark D Pagel, Emil Schüler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: The FLASH effect occurs when radiation given at ultra-high dose rates spares healthy tissue while achieving isoeffective tumor control relative to conventional (CONV) dose rate irradiation. Limited data has implicated oxygen in the FLASH effect. This study investigated the effect of tissue oxygen tension (pO2) on gastrointestinal (GI) FLASH sparing in mice.

Methods: pO2 was quantified in vivo by electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI)- noninvasive oximetry through spin probe injection and magnetic resonance co-registration- and a phosphorescent quenching microsensor. B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2 J/J female mice were imaged while breathing 10%, 21%, and 95% oxygen. C57BL/6 mice of both sexes underwent microsensor …

The Case For An African Investment Court (Aic), Won L. Kidane

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Host-Immune Biomarker Signatures As Multiplex Qpcr Diagnostic Assays: A Pilot Study Toward Meeting Who Target Product Profiles For Tb Diagnosis In India, Harriet N. Garlant, Kalaiarasan Ellappan, Noyal Mariya Joseph, Carrie Turner, Vishnukanth Govindaraj, Saka Vinod Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar, Seshadri S. Vasan, Karen Elizabeth Kempsell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Current diagnostic tools are limited, especially in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Target Product Profiles (TPPs) call for rapid, non-sputum-based diagnostics with high sensitivity and specificity. This study evaluates our previously published TB-associated host-immune biomarkers alongside small-size signatures from other studies, in our previously published non-human primate (NHP) TB infection study dataset (GSE76703) and two previously published human datasets (GSE144127, GSE42834), which include other disease group comparators, including sarcoidosis. These were also evaluated in a small-scale, exploratory qPCR pilot study to assess the feasibility …

Dopamine Agonist Therapy Induced Fatal Pneumocephalus In Giant Prolactinoma, Archana M H, Anurag Ranjan Lila, Manjiri Karlekar, Saba Samad Memon, Rohit Barnabas, Tushar Bandgar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We report a man in the fifth decade of his life with an invasive giant prolactinoma (size: 7.3 cm; serum prolactin 56820 ng/mL [SI: 2470.4 nmol/L], reference range, 5-25 ng/mL [SI: 0.22-1.09 nmol/L]) who presented with hypogonadism and headache. Dopamine agonist (DA) cabergoline (0.25 mg twice weekly) was initiated, and serum prolactin levels reached 3941 ng/mL (SI: 171.3 nmol/L) after 2 doses. Two weeks later, he developed acute symptoms of headache, vomiting, and drowsiness associated with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. He presented to the casualty after 48 hours of the onset of these acute symptoms in an altered state. Neuroimaging demonstrated …

Cultural Influences On Camouflaging And Autistic Burnout: Examining The Experiences Of Latino Autistic Young Adults, Antonio F Pagán, Katherine A Loveland, Ron Acierno

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The present study explored the relationship between camouflaging, autistic burnout, and cultural factors in Latino young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While autistic burnout and camouflaging have been widely studied in general ASD populations, limited research has focused on Latino individuals, who may experience unique pressures due to cultural values such as collectivism, familism, and traditional gender roles. Participants (N = 56) from the ¡Iniciando! la Adultez therapy program completed measures assessing burnout, camouflaging, acculturation, and cultural values. Results indicate that participants reported moderate to high levels of autistic burnout, with the highest levels observed in heightened self-awareness …

Carbohydrate Restriction Drives Greater Perturbations In Circulating Metabolites Than Low Energy Availability In Elite Male Athletes, Kyle A. Dunlop, Nathan G. Lawler, Jamie Whitfield, Alannah K.A. Mckay, Nicolin Tee, Megan L. Ross, Stacey N. Reinke, John A. Hawley, David Broadhurst, Louise M. Burke

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Periods of low energy availability (LEA) are common in elite athletes and typically arise from reduced energy intake, often involving some degree of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction. Whether the metabolic profile created by energy restriction per se is distinct compared to that driven by CHO restriction is unknown. Using untargeted metabolomics, we examined metabolic perturbations linked to CHO restriction and energy restriction in plasma from elite male endurance athletes. In a semi-randomized controlled trial, athletes (n = 20) completed one of three 5-day dietary interventions: high energy-high CHO (HCHO); LEA (energy-restricted, CHO-reduced); or low-CHO, high-fat (LCHF; energy-matched, CHO-restricted). Plasma samples were …

Mechanical Properties And Reproducibility Of One-Part Ambient-Cured Slag And Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete, Daro Sun, Jessey Lee, Alireza Mohyeddin, Janitha Migunthanna

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The cement industry is a major source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions due to its energy-intensive production process and calcination of limestone. Producing one ton of cement emits approximately one ton of CO2, and cement accounts for about 5% to 8% of global CO2 emissions. In this context, cement-less one-part (“just-add-water”) ambient-cured geopolymer concrete (GPC) has gained attention due to its environmental friendliness and practicality for large-scale cast-in-situ construction. However, field adoption remains limited, mainly due to the scarcity of data on mechanical properties and durability, as well as the lack of widely accepted standards and specifications. This paper is part …

Novel Small-Molecule Analogues Of Iu1 Ameliorate Amyloid-Β Mediated Toxicity In Alzheimer’S Disease Cell And Worm Models, Ajish Ariyath, Fraulein Denise Arigo, Izhar Wallach, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando, Ralph N. Martins, Prashant Bharadwaj

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Dysregulation of the deubiquitinating enzyme Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, and IU1, an allosteric inhibitor, has shown neuroprotective effects by reducing protein aggregate toxicity. This study aimed to develop new IU1 analogues and evaluate their ability to mitigate amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cell and Caenorhabditis elegans worm models. IU1 and 71 newly designed analogues identified using the AtomNet^® virtual screening platform were assessed in an amyloid precursor protein-C terminal fragment/amyloid-β (APP-C99/Aβ)-producing AD cell model using a high-throughput toxicity assay. Lead compounds were further evaluated for their effects on neurodegeneration, …

The Brady Materiality Standard, Brandon L. Garrett, Adam M. Gershowitz

Faculty Publications

The Brady doctrine requires prosecutors to disclose all favorable and material evidence to the defense. To effectuate that rule, the U.S. Supreme Court has defined materiality as a “reasonable probability” that the evidence would have affected the outcome at trial. But apart from that definition, the Court has resisted offering any further guidance to lower courts. While far too little is known about how Brady materiality claims are actually adjudicated, there is strong evidence that courts often reject Brady claims involving withheld evidence on the grounds that the evidence was not significant enough to be material.

To examine how Brady …

Demographic And Other Correlates Of Non-Prescription Drug Use Among College Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Subi Gandhi, Sidketa Fofana, Md Rafiul Islam, Tamer Oraby

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background and objectives: Substance use among college students in the U.S. remains a pressing concern and may have intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased stress, uncertainty, and academic disruptions. This study investigates the relationship between non-prescription drug use and various demographic, mental health, and behavioral factors among college students during the pandemic's early stages.

Methods: Data were collected through online and in-person surveys in the summer semester of 2021. Behavioral health was assessed using validated instruments: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression and the Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST-20) for substance use. Demographic and behavioral variables were …

Diagnostic Limitations, Patient Characteristics, And Confounding Factors Impacting Neurotologic Lesion Imaging: A Systematic Review, Diana Hamdan, Precious Ochuwa Imokhai, Alexandra Konvalina, Baokhanh Nguyen, Maha Alhoda, Valentina Alejandra Da Silva Acosta, Waseem Syed, Amanda Brooks

Student Publications

Background: Neuroimaging protocols for neurotologic disease are often developed without consideration of patient-specific factors such as biological differences, clinical presentation variability, and comorbidities. This lack of tailored design contributes to insufficient detection, delayed diagnosis, and inappropriate treatment. Objectives: To critically examine the literature on diagnostic limitations of neuroimaging for neurotologic lesions and identify gaps in protocol validation, accuracy, and clinical translation. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted, focusing on studies published between 2015 and 2025 that evaluated diagnostic imaging outcomes in patients with neurotologic lesions. Eligible studies included prospective cohorts, retrospective analyses, …

Generative Artificial Intelligence In Aircraft Design Optimization, Xiaosong Du

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Aircraft design optimization is essential for improving aircraft performance (such as reduced fuel consumption and lowered noise), which leads to more efficient, sustainable, and affordable aircraft. Conventional aircraft design adopts physics-based simulation models, but iteratively evaluating simulation models is computationally intensive, or even practically impossible. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a revolutionary game changer in the modern engineering industry, including aircraft design optimization. Generative AI (genAI), one of the groundbreaking AI methods, has been advancing aircraft design optimization from various aspects, including intelligent parameterization, predictive modeling, training facilitation, and constraints handling. However, there is a lack of a review …

Reflections On Linear B (Part 14) – Sign 76 (With Two Parallel Wavy Lines Pronounced /Ra/); Possible Derivation From The River Traveled Nightly By The Sun God Ra., Gerald Leonard Cohen

Arts, Languages and Philosophy Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article suggests that the two parallel wavy lines in Linear B sign 76 depict the river traveled nightly by the Egyptian sun god Ra. Also:

1. The Egyptian influence was likely exerted already on the Linear A and Cretan hieroglyphic antecedents of Linear B sign 76.

2. Variants of Linear B sign 76 contain a horizontal line across the two wavy vertical lines. The present article suggests the horizontal line might indicate one of the river’s twelve gates that Ra had to navigate through in his nightly journey.

3. But the single line for that one gate was likely …

Recommended Best Practices For Construct-Centered Adaptation Of The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol, Emily M. Briceño, Darina T. Bassil, Pranali Khobragade, Anthony Ngugi, Martine El Bejjani, Eric Ochieng, Silvia Mejia-Arango, Salima Douhou, Kazione Kulisewa

School of Medicine Publications

Objectives: The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) neuropsychological assessment approach aims to support the collection of harmonizable data on cognitive function for cross-national cognitive aging and dementia research. As the measurement of cognition is sensitive to differences in contextual, cultural, educational, linguistic, social, and other factors that may influence cognitive test performance, HCAP requires adaptation to be appropriate for the contexts in which it is administered. We aim to provide methodological recommendations for the adaptation and implementation of the HCAP and other cognitive data collection tools in novel settings.

Methods: We drew from existing guidelines on cross-cultural psychological test adaptation …

Artificial Intelligence In Cardiology: An Updated Systematic Review With Ethical Considerations And Challenges In Implementing Artificial Intelligence Models, Dev Patel, Reshmitha Kantamneni, Jabez David John, Tirath Patel, Arnesh Shukla, Ayesha Salma, Nikhilesh Anand

School of Medicine Publications

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiovascular medicine presents a transformative opportunity to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes. This systematic review evaluates the impact of AI on cardiovascular diagnostics with a focus on its ability to surpass traditional methods in accuracy, efficiency, and predictive capabilities. Machine learning and deep learning have demonstrated significant advancements in areas such as echocardiography, electrocardiography, computed tomography angiography, and predictive analytics.

AI algorithms have demonstrated superior performance in identifying subtle patterns and anomalies. Additionally, AI has shown promise in predictive analytics, forecasting disease progression and tailoring treatment plans, thereby improving patient outcomes. …

Overcoming Barriers To Hpv Vaccination In Pakistan: A Critical Need For A Proactive And Culturally-Sensitive Strategy, Syed Ahtisham Halim, Tirath Patel, Syeda Ramish Zehra Kazmi, Momina Khabir, Nikhilesh Anand

School of Medicine Publications

Cervical cancer continues to be one of the major causes of cancer-related mortalities among women worldwide, with a considerable share of this burden affecting developing countries like Pakistan. The addition of the HPV vaccine to the national immunization program of Pakistan had been a crucial leap toward the prevention of cervical cancer. Nevertheless, challenges that threaten the success of such a program are conspicuous. The most important ones are discussed in the letter, including the widespread dissemination of misinformation via social media on unfounded grounds, such as infertility resulting from the vaccine; deep-seated cultural taboos relating to sexual health; and …

Originalism, Official History, And Perspectives Versus Methodologies, Keith N. Hylton

Faculty Scholarship

This paper addresses a well-worn topic: originalism, the theory that judges should interpret the U.S. Constitution in a manner consistent with the intent of its framers. I am interested in the real-world effects of originalism. The primary effect advanced by originalists is the tendency of the approach to constrain the discretion of judges. However, I identify another effect of originalism: the creation of official histories, a practice that imposes a hidden tax on society. Another question I consider is whether originalism should be considered a methodology of analyzing the law or a perspective on the law; I argue that originalism …

The Case For Ai Authorship In Copyright Law, Cheng Lim Saw, Duncan Lim

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Today, with generative AI, literary and artistic works can be created almost effortlessly. There is at present intense debate as to whether works generated by AI – broadly categorised as “AI-assisted” and “AI-generated” works – ought to attract copyright protection. AI-assisted works are those that involve some degree of human intervention. Where AI-generated works are concerned, however, such works are created autonomously by the AI itself with minimal (de minimis) input from an identifiable human being. Presently, it is generally accepted that AI-generated works do not attract copyright protection for want of a human author. This article examines whether it …

Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specificity Factor Subunit 5 Regulates Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Expansion And Hypoxic Response, Scott D Collum, Lisha Zhu, Tingting W Mills, Rene Girard, Jamie Tran, Tinne C J Mertens, Cory Wilson, Nancy Wareing, Erik E Suarez, Howard J Huang, Rahat Hussain, Bindu Akkanti, Wenjin J Zheng, Hari K Yalamanchili, Bela Patel, Eric J Wagner, Sandeep Agarwal, Harry Karmouty-Quintana

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal condition that affects individuals with systemic sclerosis (SSc), a multiorgan fibrotic disease with limited treatment options. A central feature of PH is vascular remodeling, defined by the narrowing of the arteriole lumen due to cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. Herein, we identify a central mechanism that can regulate multiple transcripts important for vascular remodeling. The highlight of our study is the demonstration that reduced pulmonary artery smooth muscle (PASMC) Nudt21, which codes for the RNA binding protein Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor Subunit 5 (CPSF5) The, known to regulate alternative polyadenylation, results …

"We're Going To Tear Up The Caldera So We Can Have An Electric Car": Wrestling With Prospective Lithium Mining In The Oregon Desert, Elizabeth Bartholomew, Alida Cantor, Kate Berry, Noel Vineyard

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Extraction of lithium, a key ingredient for renewable energy transitions, is a land- and water-intensive process. In this study, we use qualitative, place-based research to explore socio-environmental imaginaries surrounding a landscape on the verge of change due to lithium mining. We examine the ways that different actors are wrestling with the costs, benefits, and uncertainties of potential open-pit lithium mining in Oregon’s section of the McDermitt Caldera. In contrast to previous research which has described support for mining amongst those closest to the mine site, we find that in this case, perceptions of mining are characterized by ambivalence, uncertainty, and …

Topple Headfirst Into The Dark: Restorative Justice In Missouri And Hope For The Future, Emma Donaldson

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Imagine you are not reading this article. Instead, you are walking back home from dinner with your friends. As you walk down the street, someone comes up behind you and demands you hand them your money. You turn around to give them all the money you have, only to lock eyes with the barrel of a gun. What are you feeling in this moment? A little bit of rage perhaps. Maybe your hands have started shaking. Or, just maybe, you are feeling a little defiant. But before you can even react, a police officer is running down the street, yelling …

Resolving Ranks: The Role Of Adr In Military Justice, Dane Puckett

Journal of Dispute Resolution

The United States (U.S.) Armed Forces is composed of seven military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, National Guard, and Space Force. Each military branch has an alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”) program. These programs use a collection of techniques, generally informal and collaborative in nature, to resolve disputes as a substitute for litigation. The characteristics of ADR proceedings tend to produce quicker, less expensive outcomes compared to litigation. This very reason is why Congress enacted the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act (“ADRA”) of 1996, directing federal agencies to establish ADR policies and programs.

Three-Dimensional Topographical Effects On The Generation Of Internal Lee Waves, Haosen H.A. Xu, Xiaowei Zhu, Kaiwen Zheng

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Internal lee waves generated by the interaction between geostrophic flows and ocean-floor topography are recognized as an important pathway for transferring energy from large-scale circulation to small-scale mixing in the deep ocean; however, energy fluxes inferred from field observations often fall well below estimates based on classical linear theory. Here, we use direct numerical simulations to examine how three-dimensional (3D) topographic structure alters the generation and energy pathways of internal lee waves. We simulated idealized stratified flows impinging on twodimensional (2D) and 3D sinusoidal topography in a radiating regime. We used Reynolds decomposition based on spatial averaging to isolate wave-induced …

The Sport Publication Observational Research Tool (Sport): An Objective Tool To Score The Methodological Quality Of Observational Clinical Sports Medicine Research, Andrew W Kuhn, Paul M Inclan, Ameer A Haider, Michele N Christy, Robert Brophy, Matthew Smith, Matthew J Matava, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: A critical component of conducting systematic reviews or meta-analyses is assessing the methodological quality and bias of included studies. Several methodological quality assessment tools have been developed; however, these tools may not be relevant to observational sports medicine research, which carries numerous unique nuances and biases.

PURPOSE: To develop the Sport Publication Observational Research Tool (SPORT), which evaluates and scores the methodological quality of observational sports medicine research.

STUDY DESIGN: Consensus statement.

METHODS: SPORT was developed through a modified Delphi approach involving members from the Herodicus Society and The FORUM. All active members were invited to participate in the …

Dolichocolon Is Common In Pediatric Gastroenterology Patients With Constipation And Associated Complaints, David Simon, Donovan Berens, Raul Zambrana Valenzuela, Arvind Mohan, Partha Chakraborty, Timot Kellermayer, Eric H Chiou, Craig L Jensen, Ricardo A Arbizu, Marla B K Sammer, Richard Kellermayer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: Dolichocolon (DC), classified under International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code Q43.8 ("Other specified congenital malformations of intestine"), refers to an elongated or redundant large intestine. Recent studies in adults indicate a role for dolichocolon in constipation and disorders of gut-brain interaction. Contrast enema (CE) imaging is commonly used to identify DC, typically defined as a sigmoid colon extending above, or a transverse colon descending below, the iliac crest line. Despite its potential relevance, the prevalence and clinical significance of DC in pediatric gastroenterology remain poorly understood.

Methods: This retrospective study assessed the prevalence of DC in pediatric …

Unusual Endoscopic Remission In An Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Refractory Case Of Severe Ulcerative Colitis During Upadacitinib Therapy, Carine A Halaby, Charlotte F Kim, Richard Kellermayer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Author Correction: Nutrient-Sensing Nuclear Receptors Coordinate Autophagy, Jae Man Lee, Martin Wagner, Rui Xiao, Kang Ho Kim, Dan Feng, Mitchell A Lazar, David D Moore

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Diagnostic Evaluation And Treatment Of Utis In Children With Neurogenic Bladder, Jacqueline G Holden, Sowdhamini Wallace, Pearl W Chang, Stephanie Davis-Rodriguez, Rana F Hamdy, John M Morrison, Michael J Tchou, Victor Trevisanut, Vijaya Vemulakonda, Catherine S Forster

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Children with neurogenic bladder (NGB) are at increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs), but there is a lack of guidelines to assist clinicians in diagnosing and treating these children. Our objective was to describe the presentation and treatment of provider diagnosed UTIs in children with NGB compared to children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and to assess the proportion of children with NGB who met a consortium definition of UTI.

Study design: We included children < 18 years old with either VUR or NGB who were diagnosed in the emergency department with a febrile UTI in our multicenter retrospective cohort study. We extracted and compared UTI symptoms and urinalysis results specific to children with NGB to children with VUR. We measured the proportion of UTI diagnoses concordant with the Urologic Management to Preserve Initial Renal Function (UMPIRE) consensus definition of UTI, defined as ≥ 100,000 CFU/mL of 1 or 2 organisms, pyuria, and ≥ two symptoms of UTI.

Results: The most common symptom among all children in the cohort was vomiting (38.8 %). Of the 215 children with NGB, 41.3 % met …

Integrated Transcriptomic Landscape Of Medulloblastoma And Ependymoma Reveals Novel Tumor Subtype-Specific Biology, Sonali Arora, Nicholas Nuechterlein, Matt Jensen, Gregory Glatzer, Philipp Sievers, Srinidhi Varadharajan, Andrey Korshunov, Felix Sahm, Stephen C Mack, Michael D Taylor, Taranjit S Gujral, Eric C Holland

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Medulloblastoma and ependymoma are common pediatric central nervous system tumors with significant molecular and clinical heterogeneity. While molecular subgrouping has enabled classification into molecular subtypes, the extent of heterogeneity within these subgroups remains poorly defined.

Methods: We collected bulk RNA sequencing data from 888 medulloblastoma and 370 ependymoma tumors to establish a comprehensive reference landscape. After rigorous batch effect correction, normalization, and dimensionality reduction, we generated a unified landscape to explore gene expression, signaling pathways, RNA fusions, and copy number variations.

Results: Our transcriptional analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns, including two primary ependymoma compartments, EPN-E1 and EPN-E2, each with …

Pair-Feeding Study Designs Can Create Biases And Inflate Type I Error Rates: A Simulation Study, Wasiuddin Najam, Daniel E Kpormegbey, Deependra K Thapa, Bret Rust, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Lance H Baumgard, Louis Wai-Tong Fan, Joseph G Ibrahim, Edith J Mayorga, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Pair-feeding is a study design element where one group's food intake is provided to another group to assess whether a treatment effect is independent of food intake. Investigators often assume equivalent food intake across experimental conditions and exclude it from the statistical analysis. However, the impact of this practice on type I error (T1Er) rates has not been quantified.

Methods: We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation in which animals were assigned baseline weights and food intakes, then randomized to non-pair-fed or pair-fed groups. Daily food intake for both groups was initially drawn from the baseline food intake distribution. For …