Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Law (220540)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (152471)
- Arts and Humanities (110877)
- Education (94250)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (91357)
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (83162)
- Engineering (68682)
- Life Sciences (59516)
- Business (39411)
- History (34695)
- Psychology (28982)
- Communication (27646)
- Computer Sciences (27587)
- Religion (26070)
- Higher Education (25527)
- Sociology (22710)
- Medical Specialties (19311)
- United States History (15881)
- Constitutional Law (15618)
- Library and Information Science (15094)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (14823)
- Physics (14606)
- Criminal Law (14477)
- Accounting (14401)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (14317)
- Journalism Studies (14261)
- Public Health (13603)
- Medical Sciences (12899)
- Environmental Sciences (12750)
- Economics (12259)
- Institution
-
- University of New Hampshire (36054)
- University of New Mexico (31750)
- Brigham Young University Law School (30632)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (30391)
- University of South Florida (28264)
-
- University of Mississippi (26733)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (19370)
- University of Montana (18530)
- Brigham Young University (17159)
- Utah State University (16610)
- UIdaho Law (15390)
- Louisiana State University (15219)
- University of Central Florida (13290)
- Eastern Illinois University (12832)
- University of Kentucky (12544)
- Purdue University (12096)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (11991)
- San Jose State University (11653)
- University of North Dakota (11326)
- Missouri University of Science and Technology (10900)
- Murray State University (10879)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (10060)
- University of South Carolina (9913)
- Western Michigan University (9637)
- University of Michigan Law School (9091)
- University of Colorado Law School (8814)
- Singapore Management University (8668)
- Fordham Law School (8566)
- West Virginia University (8521)
- Yale University (8516)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (18932)
- Education (8939)
- Humans (8830)
- EIU (8566)
- Student newspaper (7614)
-
- Newspapers (7224)
- Eastern Illinois University (6842)
- Daily Eastern News (6827)
- History (5956)
- Bowling Green State University (5211)
- Spartan Daily (5150)
- BG News (4687)
- United States (4636)
- Michigan (4371)
- Female (4236)
- Higher education (4036)
- Newsletter (3948)
- B.G. News (3853)
- Male (3768)
- Pennsylvania (3595)
- Student newspapers (3566)
- Student Newspaper (3401)
- College student newspapers and periodicals (3388)
- Collegeville (3370)
- COVID-19 (3333)
- Periodicals (3299)
- Animals (3125)
- Hearing impaired (3068)
- Deaf culture (3066)
- Pastoral care of people with disabilities (3054)
- Publication Year
-
- 2026 (26319)
- 2025 (38545)
- 2024 (44825)
- 2023 (40567)
- 2022 (41633)
-
- 2021 (42969)
- 2020 (41978)
- 2019 (40714)
- 2018 (41037)
- 2017 (40980)
- 2016 (40799)
- 2015 (38943)
- 2014 (36844)
- 2013 (35530)
- 2012 (36088)
- 2011 (31079)
- 2010 (29980)
- 2009 (27501)
- 2008 (25232)
- 2007 (23098)
- 2006 (22199)
- 2005 (19750)
- 2004 (18096)
- 2003 (16474)
- 2002 (15122)
- 2001 (14774)
- 2000 (14358)
- 1999 (13074)
- 1998 (12927)
- 1992 (12855)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (32367)
- Faculty Publications (16759)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (14688)
- Faculty Scholarship (10616)
- Theses (10590)
-
- Dissertations (9536)
- Articles (8399)
- Masters Theses (8039)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (7906)
- Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All (7834)
- Not Reported (7097)
- Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues) (6750)
- Master's Theses (6736)
- Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006) (6195)
- Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (through 1995) (5933)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (5552)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (5173)
- Honors Theses (4841)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (4816)
- BG News (Student Newspaper) (4721)
- Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications) (4567)
- Utah Supreme Court Briefs (1965 –) (4529)
- Montana Kaimin, 1898-present (4374)
- Michigan Law Review (4292)
- Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems (4258)
- Faculty, Staff and Student Publications (4227)
- Santa Fe New Mexican, 1883-1913 (4152)
- The Auk (4141)
- Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers (4081)
- Open Access Publications (3985)
- Publication Type
Articles 18031 - 18060 of 1326676
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Airway Secretory Cells Contain Both A Perinuclear Golgi Ribbon And Dispersed Golgi Satellites, Oanh N Hoang, Colin E Chan, Joshua M Brenner, Denisse Leza-Rincon, Ana M Jaramillo, Brendan Dolan, Adam W Aziz, Rodolfo A Cardenas, Gerardo J Cardenas, Eduardo D Galvez, Joshua B Hales, Emilia S Nunez-Pena, Boxuan Yang, Reid T Powell, Leoncio Vergara, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Jesper M Magnusson, Gunnar C Hansson, Roberto Adachi, John D Dickinson, Christopher M Evans, Justin A Courson, Alan R Burns, Michael J Tuvim, Burton F Dickey
Airway Secretory Cells Contain Both A Perinuclear Golgi Ribbon And Dispersed Golgi Satellites, Oanh N Hoang, Colin E Chan, Joshua M Brenner, Denisse Leza-Rincon, Ana M Jaramillo, Brendan Dolan, Adam W Aziz, Rodolfo A Cardenas, Gerardo J Cardenas, Eduardo D Galvez, Joshua B Hales, Emilia S Nunez-Pena, Boxuan Yang, Reid T Powell, Leoncio Vergara, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Jesper M Magnusson, Gunnar C Hansson, Roberto Adachi, John D Dickinson, Christopher M Evans, Justin A Courson, Alan R Burns, Michael J Tuvim, Burton F Dickey
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Rationale: Finely tuned production and secretion of the polymeric mucins MUC5AC and MUCB are required for lung health, but knowledge of many details between their translation and their packaging into secretory granules is lacking.
Objective: To analyze the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, a key site of mucin glycosylation, folding, polymerization and packaging, in airway epithelial secretory cells.
Methods: Lung tissue was obtained from mice stimulated or not with IL-13 to upregulate mucin production, and from normal human lungs. Golgi elements in mouse and human tissue were imaged by high-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Tissue from mice …
Should We Trust The Noma Model?, Sarah Allen
Should We Trust The Noma Model?, Sarah Allen
Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium
This project will explain Stephen Jay Gould’s Nonoverlapping Magisteria Model (NOMA) and then explore two differing sides' critiques of the model. Criticism from those who subscribe to scientism will argue that NOMA holds science back due to morals being out of its domain, and the faith-based criticism will argue that NOMA oppresses religious findings and evidence while arguing that science and religion work together to produce facts. To conclude the project, we will reexamine NOMA to determine if it’s a trustworthy model or if a new model is needed to better explain the relationship between religion and science.
The Inaccessibility Of Scientific Writing And Science Denial, Emma Eisen
The Inaccessibility Of Scientific Writing And Science Denial, Emma Eisen
Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium
The inaccessibility of scientific writing causes an increase in science denial. The frustration experienced by nonscientists due to the exclusivity, both in language and cost of subscriptions to scientific journals, often results in the rejection of scientific consensus and acceptance of the more accessible and understandable alternative perspectives presented by science deniers. Through the analysis of demographic studies on the relationship between native language and access to higher education and attitudes toward vaccines, this presentation further discusses how these marginalized demographics are excluded from scientific consensus leading to an increase in science denial.
Misinformation In The Digital Age: How Social Media Fuels Science Denial And Ways To Stop It, Jocelyn Morales
Misinformation In The Digital Age: How Social Media Fuels Science Denial And Ways To Stop It, Jocelyn Morales
Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium
This paper examines how social media platforms contribute to the spread of science denial and explores strategies to combat misinformation. The rise of digital platforms such as Twitter (now X) and Facebook has transformed how information is shared, but it has also created fertile ground for the rapid diffusion of false or misleading content. Research by Harman et al. (2025) demonstrates that science denial has far-reaching social consequences, delaying policy responses, undermining collective action, and increasing societal vulnerability. Lanier et al. (2022) further reveal how hashtags like #plandemic and #scamdemic on Twitter amplified COVID-19 misinformation, fueling pandemic denial and anti-public-health …
Recommendation Report: Campus Transportation, Sujaan Vhora, Prachi Patel, Liliana Drobny, Camilla Gorokhova, Matthew Zimmerman
Recommendation Report: Campus Transportation, Sujaan Vhora, Prachi Patel, Liliana Drobny, Camilla Gorokhova, Matthew Zimmerman
Undergraduate Research and Engagement Symposium
Our group examined transportation challenges between Loyola University Chicago’s Lake Shore Campus and Water Tower Campus from a student perspective. Through a student survey, an interview with a Campus Transportation staff member, and research on other Chicago universities, we found that shuttle delays, unpredictable travel times, and limited parking create stress and cause students to arrive late or miss activities. We evaluated three possible solutions: improved transportation communication, expanded parking partnerships, and an upgraded UPass+. We recommend UPass+ supported by clearer communication to give students more reliable travel options, reduce parking pressure, and improve the overall commuting experience.
A Gooder Way To Say More Fun, Ethan Scofield
A Gooder Way To Say More Fun, Ethan Scofield
Fresh Voices: Composition at Cal Poly
No abstract provided.
How Does Language Learning Work?, Luis Wiley
How Does Language Learning Work?, Luis Wiley
Fresh Voices: Composition at Cal Poly
No abstract provided.
3d Bioprinting: The Best Solution To The Organ Shortage, Kristin Abele
3d Bioprinting: The Best Solution To The Organ Shortage, Kristin Abele
Fresh Voices: Composition at Cal Poly
No abstract provided.
Two Roads Change One Writer, Chelsea Barry
Two Roads Change One Writer, Chelsea Barry
Fresh Voices: Composition at Cal Poly
No abstract provided.
The Power Of Language Practices, Zuoyuan Huang
The Power Of Language Practices, Zuoyuan Huang
Fresh Voices: Composition at Cal Poly
No abstract provided.
Impact Of Brøset Violence Checklist On Safety Events In A Mental Health Unit, Maritess B. Bernardo, Catherine Mann
Impact Of Brøset Violence Checklist On Safety Events In A Mental Health Unit, Maritess B. Bernardo, Catherine Mann
Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)
Practice Problem: There is an increased global risk of violence among health workers (WHO, 2023) that may result to physical, emotional, and psychological harm to patients and staff; resulting in emergency room visits, hospitalizations, increased medical costs, and victim mortality (Grossman & Choucair, 2019). Workplace violence (WPV) involving patients, families, and healthcare workers is an escalating public concern (Bellman et al., 2022). Mental health facilities are at a higher risk for the occurrence of safety events (Hawkins & Ghaziri, 2022). The mental health unit had a monthly average of 17.33 incidents in 2022 and 14 occurrences pre-implementation in the adult …
Volcanic Plume Height During The 2021 Tajogaite Eruption (La Palma) From Two Complementary Monitoring Methods-Implications For Satellite-Based Products, África Barreto, Francisco Quirós, Omaira E. García, Jorge Pereda-De-Pablo, Daniel González-Fernández, Andrés Bedoya-Velásquez, Simon Carn, Et. Al.
Volcanic Plume Height During The 2021 Tajogaite Eruption (La Palma) From Two Complementary Monitoring Methods-Implications For Satellite-Based Products, África Barreto, Francisco Quirós, Omaira E. García, Jorge Pereda-De-Pablo, Daniel González-Fernández, Andrés Bedoya-Velásquez, Simon Carn, Et. Al.
Michigan Tech Publications
Volcanic emissions from the Tajogaite volcano, located on the Cumbre Vieja edifice on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain), caused significant public health and aviation disruptions throughout the eruption (19 September–13 December 2021, officially declared over on 25 December). Nonetheless, it is considered the most significant volcanic event in Europe over the past 75 years due to the substantial amount of SO2 released into the atmosphere. The Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), the authority responsible for volcano surveillance in Spain, implemented extensive operational monitoring to track volcanic activity and to provide a robust estimation of the volcanic plume height …
D. The Michael Hofmann Seismic Sections -Part A, Michael H. Hofmann
D. The Michael Hofmann Seismic Sections -Part A, Michael H. Hofmann
1980 Flathead Lake Seismic Survey
A description of the process for constructing the full-length seismic sections from sets of scans of the paper field records made in the early 2000s by then PhD candidate Michael Hofmann. Images of the full seismic sections follow the narrative by Robert W. Lankston. This set of images relates to those lines labeled on the track map in Figure 4C of the Kogan (1981) thesis.
Unraveling Patch Size Effects In Vision Transformers: Adversarial Robustness In Hyperspectral Image Classification, Shashi Kiran Chandrappa, Sidike Paheding, Abel A. Reyes-Angulo
Unraveling Patch Size Effects In Vision Transformers: Adversarial Robustness In Hyperspectral Image Classification, Shashi Kiran Chandrappa, Sidike Paheding, Abel A. Reyes-Angulo
Michigan Tech Publications
Highlights: This work investigates the effect of spatial patch size on the classification accuracy and adversarial robustness of Vision Transformer-based architectures for hyperspectral image analysis. What are the main findings? Smaller patch sizes generally exhibit stronger adversarial robustness while maintaining comparable clean classification performance. Larger patch sizes tend to reduce robustness by increasing sensitivity to localized adversarial perturbations, with some dataset-dependent variations. What are the implications of the main findings? Spatial patch size is an important design consideration when applying Vision Transformers to hyperspectral image classification tasks. The findings provide practical guidance for informed patch-size selection in robust, deployment-aware transformer-based …
For What? Resolving The Causation Split For Fmla Retaliation Claims, Lucy Wess
For What? Resolving The Causation Split For Fmla Retaliation Claims, Lucy Wess
Catholic University Law Review
For over thirty years, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) has provided working Americans the opportunity to maintain their professional careers while juggling personal and familial health care needs. Like many other employment law statutes, the FMLA prohibits retaliation by employers against employees who exercise their rights under the statute. However, a circuit split as to the correct causation standard for FMLA retaliation claims leaves plaintiffs and defendant employers uncertain of case outcomes as well as the legality of the employer’s conduct. The Fourth and Eleventh Circuits held that the but-for causation standard is the proper standard in such …
2026-02-20 Minutes Of The Academic Senate, University Of Dayton. Academic Senate
2026-02-20 Minutes Of The Academic Senate, University Of Dayton. Academic Senate
Academic Senate Minutes
Approved minutes of a meeting of the Academic Senate of the University of Dayton.
Fsec Meeting Minutes February 20, 2026, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate
Fsec Meeting Minutes February 20, 2026, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate
Faculty Senate Executive Committee Minutes
No abstract provided.
Kenyon Collegiate - February 20, 2026
Gender Differences In College Students’ Physical Activity Self-Efficacy, Social Comparison Beliefs, And External Frames Of Reference, Ken Murfay, Sarah Pyszczynski, Sarah Collins
Gender Differences In College Students’ Physical Activity Self-Efficacy, Social Comparison Beliefs, And External Frames Of Reference, Ken Murfay, Sarah Pyszczynski, Sarah Collins
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
This study examined whom college-aged individuals believe observing would more likely increase their physical activity self-efficacy (PASE) for a physical skill, whom they are more likely to compare their abilities to within a physical education (PE) class, how often they compare themselves to others in PE, and what students’ PASE scores were. Based on the mean scores for each question, students were more likely to compare themselves to a student than a teacher, friend than a non-friend, and similar or higher skilled peer than a lower skilled peer. To increase students’ confidence for a physical skill, students had higher levels …
A Holistic Modelling Framework For Functionally Safe Software Architectures In Embedded Control Systems, Thomas Barth
A Holistic Modelling Framework For Functionally Safe Software Architectures In Embedded Control Systems, Thomas Barth
Doctoral
Embedded control systems are integral to most modern electrified products and an essential backbone of ongoing digitalisation [1]. In this context, these systems increasingly perform safety-critical functions where failures can lead to severe personal injury, environmental damage, or significant economic loss [2]. Consequently, they fall more often within the scope of regulation such as IEC 61508 and its derivatives [3]. At the same time, driven by hardware evolution and market demands, embedded control systems continue to grow in both integration density and functional complexity [4]. These demands necessitate structured development methods that balance compliance with cost-efficiency and development agility. A …
Exploring Moral Distress In Icu Nurse Practitioners: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study, Steven L. Bocchese
Exploring Moral Distress In Icu Nurse Practitioners: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study, Steven L. Bocchese
Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)
Nurse Practitioners (NPs) working in the intensive care environment experience clinical and operational anxiety, such as moral distress. Moral distress occurs when an individual knows the ethically correct action but cannot take it due to internal or external constraints or violation of their professional core values. Causal factors of moral distress in nursing include inadequate staffing, prolonged patient pain and suffering, ethical conflicts in end-of-life care, lack of transparency and false hope, disruptive or aggressive family, and ineffective leadership. Historically, nurses have experienced moral distress at higher levels than other healthcare professionals, especially those in intensive care units (ICU). Because …
Mid-Level Perceptual Features, And Not Ambiguity, Accelerate Access To Awareness, Nadav Amir, Uri Maoz, Liad Mudrik
Mid-Level Perceptual Features, And Not Ambiguity, Accelerate Access To Awareness, Nadav Amir, Uri Maoz, Liad Mudrik
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
Current theoretical accounts of perception and high-level cognition suggest that awareness plays an active role in disambiguating incoming sensory information. However, the relationship between ambiguity resolution and conscious access remains unclear, partially due to a lack of quantifiable measures of ambiguity. Here, we describe a novel paradigm designed for testing whether more ambiguous stimuli would enjoy preferential access to awareness, as indexed by the time it takes them to break interocular suppression in the breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm. In a series of three experiments, we found that stimuli’s mid-level perceptual features (most likely, visual symmetry levels), rather than their …
Association Between Children’S Secondhand Co-Exposure To Tobacco And Cannabis Smoke And Elevated Urinary Cotinine Levels: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Bradley N. Collins, Stephen J. Lepore, Vincent Berardi, Renee D. Goodwin, Karen Wilson, Mona Baishya
Association Between Children’S Secondhand Co-Exposure To Tobacco And Cannabis Smoke And Elevated Urinary Cotinine Levels: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Bradley N. Collins, Stephen J. Lepore, Vincent Berardi, Renee D. Goodwin, Karen Wilson, Mona Baishya
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
Background Cannabis use is far more common among adults who smoke tobacco than adults who do not, and its use is increasing among people who smoke tobacco with children living in the home. Given the well-established evidence that caregiver smoking is the primary source of children’s secondhand exposures to these products, the increasing trend in caregiver co-use is raising public health concerns about children’s co-exposure. Emerging data indicates that adult co-use is linked to additive health consequences, such as elevated nicotine and other tobacco-related toxicant blood levels, relative to use of only tobacco. It is unknown whether children’s co-exposure leads …
2025 And 2026 - Faculty & Staff Research Symposium - Mini, Elizabeth Outka, Lidia Radi
2025 And 2026 - Faculty & Staff Research Symposium - Mini, Elizabeth Outka, Lidia Radi
Faculty and Staff Research Symposium Programs
September 26, 2025; November 7, 2025; January 20, 2026; and, February 20, 2026
[Excerpt from the "Welcome"]
"Dear Colleagues,
Welcome to the Faculty and Staff Mini-Symposia Series!
As we gather for the fourth and final installment of this year’s Mini-Symposia Series, we are delighted to continue this new chapter of the Faculty and Staff Research Symposium, building on the extraordinary enthusiasm of the past two years. What began as a single day of conversation and exchange has grown into a cycle of events designed to highlight the intellectual and creative work of our community in even more accessible and collaborative …
The Role Of Campus Symbols In College Student Belonging: A Photo-Elicitation And Photovoice Qualitative Study, Abigail W. Bradley-Tyler
The Role Of Campus Symbols In College Student Belonging: A Photo-Elicitation And Photovoice Qualitative Study, Abigail W. Bradley-Tyler
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative study examines the impact of campus symbols on the sense of belonging among second-year students at a public, four-year institution in Florida. This topic is relevant as there is a lack of research about positive or neutral campus symbols. Using sense of belonging and symbolic interactionism as theoretical frameworks, this study investigates how students interpret and emotionally connect with university symbols, including campus mascots, monuments, personnel, and campus traditions and rituals. Using photo-elicitation and photovoice interviews, participants engaged with photographs of official university symbols and captured images representing their campus experience. Using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, the …
Steroid Receptor Coactivators - From Basic Research To Translational Opportunities, Yosef Gilad, Sang Jun Han, David M Lonard
Steroid Receptor Coactivators - From Basic Research To Translational Opportunities, Yosef Gilad, Sang Jun Han, David M Lonard
Faculty, Staff and Students Publications
The concept of nuclear receptor (NR) coregulation was proposed nearly two decades before it was experimentally validated. According to this model, NRs - executors of a vast array of transcriptional programs - do not act independently but are governed by a network of regulatory proteins that either activate or repress their biological function. NRs identify the genes to be regulated. However, coregulators ultimately serve as the true controllers of transcriptional outcomes. They recruit cofactors and coordinate the activity of transcriptional complexes, thereby shaping NR-mediated gene expression beyond NRs' intrinsic functionality. The Steroid Receptor Coactivator (SRC) family is the most extensively …
Emotion Differentiation As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Affect And Alcohol Use Among College Students: An Ecological Momentary Assessment, Gaelle El Helou
Emotion Differentiation As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Affect And Alcohol Use Among College Students: An Ecological Momentary Assessment, Gaelle El Helou
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol use remains prevalent among young adults and particularly college students. Research shows a link between affective states and alcohol consumption, although recent findings appear to be unequivocal on the effect of negative and positive emotions on college drinking. While emotion differentiation (ED) has been associated with alcohol use, previous research has focused mostly on clinical treatment adult populations and / or negative emotions, focusing less on the role that positive emotions play in drinking, particularly among college students. The current study explored the moderating role of negative and positive emotion differentiation (NED / PED) in the association between negative …
Standing In The Shadows: Member Anonymity In Associational Standing Cases, Mitchell Brost
Standing In The Shadows: Member Anonymity In Associational Standing Cases, Mitchell Brost
Pepperdine Law Review
Associational standing serves several benefits for plaintiff members: associations often have expertise in a certain field that guides the representation of their members, they have greater resources that allow them to bring lawsuits in the first place, and they can serve as the public face of the lawsuit to shield the plaintiff member from serious retaliation that may result from bringing the claim. But due to some imprecise language in Justice Scalia’s majority opinion in Summers v. Earth Island Institute, circuit courts are divided over whether associational members can remain anonymous at all. Thus, individuals who have legitimate legal claims, …
Table Of Contents & Masthead, Mitchell Brost
Table Of Contents & Masthead, Mitchell Brost
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Jealously Guarded: The Right To Trial By Jury In Federal Court Under California’S Unruh Civil Rights Act, Denis Bogatin
Jealously Guarded: The Right To Trial By Jury In Federal Court Under California’S Unruh Civil Rights Act, Denis Bogatin
Pepperdine Law Review
Since California adopted heightened pleading standards for high-frequency litigants alleging violations of the Unruh Act in state court, federal district courts have seen a surge of ADA and Unruh Act claims filed together to secure subject matter jurisdiction. Most courts dismissed the Unruh claims under their discretionary authority under 28 U.S.C. § 1367, but they remained divided on whether plaintiffs in these cases have a right to jury trial—statutory or constitutional. In 2025, the Ninth Circuit resolved part of the split in In re Tsay, holding that the Unruh Act provides a constitutional right to a jury trial because it …