Digital Commons Network^™

Lagrangian Modelling Of Nonlinear Viscous Waves Generated By Moving Seabed Deformation, E. Renzi, S. Michele, A. G.L. Borthwick, A. C. Raby

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

A Lagrangian flow model is used to investigate highly nonlinear, dispersive waves generated by moving seabed deformation (MSD) of an otherwise horizontal seabed. Applications include free surface wave responses to horizontal co-seismic displacements and to novel bed-driven wave making systems used in surfing competitions. This paper considers gravity waves in viscous liquid, without restrictions on wave steepness, dispersion coefficient, and flow regime. Numerical computations are carried out using a Moving Particle Explicit method, which provides a Lagrangian flow description with far fewer particles than existing meshless methods. We show that the MSD speed has different effects in shallow and intermediate …

The Role Of Circadian Entrainment In Rice Blast Disease, Ciaran Griffin

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

A circadian clock is present in some capacity in almost all forms of life, and is useful for a wide array of traits, but crucially allows organisms to predict future conditions and adapt their behaviour to synchronise with, and thrive under, their dynamic environment. Accordingly, plant environmental stress responses are gated in a circadian manner, including that for pathogenic defence and immunity. Comparatively less work has been carried out on the plant pathogens, but there are increasing reports of pathogens capable of rhythmically altering their behaviour and virulence-related traits. Magnaporthe oryzae, the fungal pathogen responsible for the destruction of enough …

Management Of Non-Indigenous Species In The Mediterranean Sea With An Emphasis On Lionfish (Pterois Miles), Periklis Kleitou

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The 21st century faces a global challenge; understanding the ecosystem changes and regulating fish resources is essential to provide food for humankind and to preserve the oceans. Marine ecosystems are being increasingly altered because of global, regional, and anthropogenic stressors such as climate change, Non-Indigenous Species (NIS), pollution, fisheries, eutrophication, and habitat loss. In an era of escalating transformations of marine ecosystems, the Mediterranean Sea is recognized as a hotspot of global biotic and abiotic changes. In recent decades, human-mediated introductions of NIS have notably reshaped the marine ecological structures and processes of the region. The Suez Canal (constructed in …

Microplastic Ingestion In Invertebrates Within Rockpool Communities, Abigail Outred

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Microplastics (<5 mm) are abundant across the world in the marine environment and so it is vital that we gain further understanding of their fate and their possible impacts on marine life. Due to their size, microplastics can interact with small marine organisms which are part of the lower trophic levels and the main interaction with these plastics is ingestion. Chemical characteristics and changes to the plastic properties, due to, for example, adsorbed chemicals and colonisation of biofilms, may affect how readily plastics are ingested. Research into the interactions of a range of organisms with microplastics enables for a better understanding of how they could be taken in, impact the organism as well as predict potential trophic transfer. This in turn could aid in predicting bigger impacts in the marine environment and on humans themselves. Rockpools are a key environment and nursery for many important marine and intertidal species, particularly those that we rely on commercially, such as crab species. This study exposed three key rockpool species of three feeding types - Beadlet anemone (Actinia equina), common prawn (Palaemon serratus), Thick top shell (Phorcus lineatus) to nylon fibres within ex-situ mesocosms. These species represent three feeding types found in a rockpool community – Suspension feeding, Filter feeding of the whole water column and deposit feeding. The organisms were exposed to either biofouled or non-biofouled, blue, black, red, or white in colour and 0.5 mm or 2 mm microfibres for six hours. This was undertaken when individuals were individually housed as single species, as well as a mixed community with a representative of all three species. Once biofouling was complete, dissection to observe the digestive tract was undertaken and then an alkaline digest was completed to obtain evidence of retention other than in the digestive tract. Beadlet anemones ingested the most microfibres and thick top shell the least. This study shows that overall, biofouled fibres are significantly more likely to be ingested than 6 that of non-biofouled (H(1)= 16.780 , p<0.001). Some ingestion and interaction colour patterns were found – black in anemones and shrimp ((H(1)= 6.224 , p=0.013 and (H(1)= 6.008 , p=0.014) and black (H(1)= 12.270 , p=0.007) and white in shrimp (H(1)= 8.143 , p=0.043). This could possibly be to do with the dye chemicals on the plastics rather than visual cues. The 0.5mm fibres were ingested and retained more than 2mm (H(1)= 20.924 , p<0.001). Thick top shells were the only organism with a difference between housing with more microfibres ingested/retained when housed individually than when housed in a mixed community. This study provides further evidence of the potential ingestion and retention of microplastics in a rockpool setting and therefore highlights the potential impact on these organisms and predator species. This may likely cause negative impacts within that rockpool as well as present a route for microfibres to expose other intertidal organisms to microfibres, particularly as the three study organisms are prey animals to many other species.

Climate Action And Sdg Synergies: Strengthening The Evidence Base For Synergistic Action, Souran Chatterjee

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Security And Accessibility Of Voyage Data Recorder Data Using A Usb Attack, Avanthika Vineetha Harish, K Tam, K Jones

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Voyage Data Recorders (VDR) or 'black boxes' for ships hold critical navigational and sensor data that can be used as evidence in an investigation. These systems have proven extremely useful in determining the cause of several previous shipping accidents. Considering the importance of the VDR and the increasing number of cyber-attacks in the maritime sector, the likelihood of it being attacked is high. This paper examines the security and accessibility of VDR data through a malicious USB device. A USB device is used after a series of tests, detailed in this paper, found it to be a viable way to …

How Do Renewable And Non-Renewable Co-Move? Fresh Evidence From The European Energy Market Via Arji-Garch Copula Model, A Agosto, L Dalla Valle, Giuli Me De

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The global energy crisis and rising climate concerns are encouraging the transition to a more sustainable economy. Monitoring energy prices has become increasingly important for analysts, policymakers and businesses to tackle the current situation by increasing the integration of renewable energy sources, strengthening the resilience of the energy system to price shocks and reducing its dependence on fossil fuel imports, as well as improving the affordability of energy for consumers. We set up a copula-based ARJI-GARCH model to investigate the timevarying and non-linear dependence between renewable and non-renewable asset prices in the European energy market. Our results show that the …

Experimental Study Of A Floating Two-Body Wave Energy Converter, D Li, Sanjay Sharma, Alistair G.L. Borthwick, Heao Huang, Xiaochen Dong, Y Li, Hongda Shi

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

A novel floating two-body wave energy converter (WEC) is tested in regular waves. The WEC consists of a streamlined conical outer buoy that surrounds an elongated inner buoy, with a hydraulic power take-off (PTO) system and an optimized mooring system. Free decay tests quantify the natural frequency characteristics of two-buoy system. A parameter study characterizes the multi-degree-of-freedom coupled motion response of the system dynamics in regular waves. It is found that the two-body system with two resonant frequencies broadens the motion frequency band and possesses stability and survivability attributes that enhance energy capture performance. By quantifying the peak energy, the …

Recommendations From Diabetes Uk's 2022 Diabetes And Physical Activity Workshop, Anna Morris, Chris Bright, Matthew Cocks, Neil Gibson, Louise Goff, Colin Greaves, Simon Griffin, Ben Jane, Florence Kinnafick, Paul Robb, Michelle Roberts, David Salman, John Saxton, Adrian Taylor, Daniel West, Thomas Yates, Rob C. Andrews, Jason M.R. Gill

Peninsula Medical School

Abstract Aims To describe the process and outputs of a workshop convened to identify key priorities for future research in the area of diabetes and physical activity and provide recommendations to researchers and research funders on how best to address them. Methods A 1‐day research workshop was conducted, bringing together researchers, people living with diabetes, healthcare professionals, and members of staff from Diabetes UK to identify and prioritise recommendations for future research into physical activity and diabetes. Results Workshop attendees prioritised four key themes for further research: (i) better understanding of the physiology of exercise in all groups of people: …

Awareness Of Social Care Needs In People With Epilepsy And Intellectual Disability, A. Gabrielsson, S. Tromans, H. Newman, P. Triantafyllopoulou, A. Hassiotis, P. Bassett, L. Watkins, I. Sawhney, M. Cooper, L. Griffiths, A. Pullen, A. Roy, H. Angus-Leppan, Rh Thomas, M. Kinney, P. Tittensor, R. Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

Background: Nearly a quarter of people with intellectual disability (ID) have epilepsy with large numbers experiencing drug-resistant epilepsy, and premature mortality. To mitigate epilepsy risks the environment and social care needs, particularly in professional care settings, need to be met. Purpose: To compare professional care groups as regards their subjective confidence and perceived responsibility when managing the need of people with ID and epilepsy. Method: A multi-agency expert panel developed a questionnaire with embedded case vignettes with quantitative and qualitative elements to understand training and confidence in the health and social determinants of people with ID and epilepsy. The cross-sectional …

Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis From The Ms‐Stat2 Randomized Controlled Trial, Thomas Williams, Nevin John, Alberto Calvi, Alessia Bianchi, Floriana De Angelis, Anisha Doshi, Sarah Wright, Madiha Shatila, Marios C. Yiannakas, Fatima Chowdhury, Jon Stutters, Antonio Ricciardi, Ferran Prados, David Macmanus, Marie Braisher, James Blackstone, Olga Ciccarelli, Cam Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott, Frederik Barkhof, Jeremy Chataway, Jeremy Hobart

Peninsula Medical School

Background and purpose.There is increasing evidence that cardiovascular risk (CVR) contributes to disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). CVR is particularly prevalent in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and can be quantified through validated composite CVR scores. The aim was to examine the cross‐sectional relationships between excess modifiable CVR, whole and regional brain atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, and disability in patients with SPMS. Methods. Participants had SPMS, and data were collected at enrolment into the MS‐STAT2 trial. Composite CVR scores were calculated using the QRISK3 software. Prematurely achieved CVR due to modifiable risk factors was expressed as QRISK3 premature CVR, …

Reduced Serum Concentrations Of Reactive Oxygen And Nitrogen Species Following Strenuous Exercise In The Heat Are Not Associ-Ated With An Upregulation In Serum Antioxidative Capacity, Sebastian Keller, Hannah Lisa Notbohm, Wilhelm Bloch, Moritz Schumann

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are produced as a response to exercise and play a part in guiding the adaptive response to physical training. Exercise in the heat has been shown to further increase accumulation of RONS in systemic circulation; however, a high antioxidative response or heat acclimatization mechanisms could attenuate this response. In a previous study, we found reduced RONS concentrations in trained athletes following strenuous cycling in the heat. Therefore, this secondary analysis assessed whether these reduced RONS serum concentrations are induced by an increased serum antioxidant capacity. Methods: Twelve male cyclists (V̇O_2peak: 60 …

Android Security: Analysis And Applications, Raina Samuel

Dissertations

The Android mobile system is home to millions of apps that offer a wide range of functionalities. Users rely on Android apps in various facets of daily life, including critical, e.g., medical, settings. Generally, users trust that apps perform their stated purpose safely and accurately. However, despite the platform’s efforts to maintain a safe environment, apps routinely manage to evade scrutiny. This dissertation analyzes Android app behavior and has revealed several weakness: lapses in device authentication schemes, deceptive practices such as apps covering their traces, as well as behavioral and descriptive inaccuracies in medical apps. Examining a large corpus of …

Improving The Stimulation Selectivity In The Human Cochlea By Strategic Selection Of The Current Return Electrode, Ozan Cakmak

Dissertations

The hearing quality provided by cochlear implants are poorly predicted by computer simulations. A realistic cochlear anatomy is crucial for the accuracy of predictions. In this study, the standard multipolar stimulation paradigms are revisited and Rattay’s Activating Function is evaluated in a finite element model of a realistic cochlear geometry that is based on µ-CT images and a commercial lead. The stimulation thresholds across the cochlear fibers were investigated for monopolar, bipolar, tripolar, and a novel (distant) bipolar electrode configuration using an active compartmental nerve model based on Schwartz-Eikhof-Frijns membrane dynamics. The results suggest that skipping of the stimulation point …

Photonic Monitoring Of Atmospheric Fauna, Adrien P. Genoud

Dissertations

Insects play a quintessential role in the Earth’s ecosystems and their recent decline in abundance and diversity is alarming. Monitoring their population is paramount to understand the causes of their decline, as well as to guide and evaluate the efficiency of conservation policies. Monitoring populations of flying insects is generally done using physical traps, but this method requires long and expensive laboratory analysis where each insect must be identified by qualified personnel. Lack of reliable data on insect populations is now considered a significant issue in the field of entomology, often referred to as a “data crisis” in the field. …

Integrated Machine Learning And Optimization Approaches, Dogacan Yilmaz

Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on the integration of machine learning and optimization. Specifically, novel machine learning-based frameworks are proposed to help solve a broad range of well-known operations research problems to reduce the solution times. The first study presents a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory framework to learn optimal solutions to sequential decision-making problems. Computational results show that the framework significantly reduces the solution time of benchmark capacitated lot-sizing problems without much loss in feasibility and optimality. Also, models trained using shorter planning horizons can successfully predict the optimal solution of the instances with longer planning horizons. For the hardest data set, …

The Future Of The Urban Street In The United States: Visions Of Alternative Mobilities In The Twenty-First Century, Esther Zipori

Dissertations

This dissertation is concerned with the present and future of urban streets in the United States. The goal is to document and analyze current visions, policies, and strategies related to the form and use of American urban streets. The dissertation examines current mobility trends and offers a framework for organizing visions of the future of urban streets, evaluating them through three lenses: safety, comfort, and delight: assessing physical conditions in accordance with livability standards toward sustainable development. At the same time, it demonstrates the way 12 scenarios (NACTO Blueprint for Autonomous Urbanism, Sidewalk Labs: Quayside Project, Public Square by FXCollaborative, …

Metacognitive Skills Of Student In Solving Problems Of Two-Variable Linear Equation Systems In Terms Of Self-Regulated Learning, Erlina Zulva Rahmawati, Nining Setyaningsih

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

It is empirically known that metacognitive skill contributes to self-regulated learning. This study aims to describe students' metacognitive skills in three levels of self-regulated learning, particularly in solving problems of a two-variable linear equation system. Three indicators were used in metacognition skills, namely planning indicators, monitoring indicators, and evaluation indicators. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this study involved All students of grade VIII A of the academic year 2021/2022 from a state junior school as subjects involving each category for high, medium, and low self-regulated learning. The data were collected using questionnaires, tests, interviews, documentation, and observation. A triangulation method, …

Critical Thinking Assessment In The Teaching Of Writing Indonesian Scientific Texts In High School, Rustam Rustam, Priyanto Priyanto

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

The assessment of critical thinking in the teaching of Bahasa Indonesia is an essential part of teaching syntax because most Bahasa Indonesia teachers of high schools in Jambi still use objective test assessments or low-order thinking skills (LOTS). In fact, there are still many Bahasa Indonesia teachers of high schools in Jambi who have not implemented HOTS-based assessment, so the teaching process and learning outcomes of writing HOTS-based scientific texts are still low. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to study the critical thinking assessments in writing Indonesian scientific texts in high school to find authentic and contextual assessment …

Rasch Model For The Need Assessment Instrument Of Academic Guidance And Counseling Program In Junior High School, Muh Farozin, Budi Astuti, Sigit Sanyata, Dwitias Titi, Ela Nurmalasari, Natri Sutanti

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Developing an instrument for the need for academic guidance and counseling topics is a strategic step to support the needs assessment carried out by guidance and counseling teachers and counselors in schools. The development of this instrument had been carried out by Arfalah using exploratory factor analysis. This study aims to analyze the instrument using the Rasch model. The research procedure began with collecting data from two integrated online needs assessments of academic guidance and counseling instruments. The content validity test involved six experts, and the field test involved 111 students from three junior high schools in Yogyakarta. Data were …

Evaluation Of The Implementation Of English Medium Instruction, Avdhikka Rayni Qomariah, Elin Driana, Hari Setiadi

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the English medium instruction (EMI) program at Harapan Ibu Islamic Elementary School in the academic year of 2020/2021 by applying the CIPP model with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were gathered through interviews with stakeholders, observation of the teaching-learning process using EMI, and documentation. The results of the evaluation are as follows: the suitability of the program context to the expectations of stakeholders is considered very good. As seen from the information on the use of English as the medium of instruction, stakeholders know and agree with the program's implementation; the program's …

Development Of Trigonometry Module Based On Pbl That Oriented To High School Students' Concept Of Understanding, Ahmad Bazuri, Elly Arliani

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

This study aims to produce a problem-based learning module on trigonometry oriented towards the ability to understand concepts for grade X high school students and to describe the quality of the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the module. This is a research and development with the ADDIE model, which includes five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The implementation of product development was conducted at the State Senior High School 1 Magelang, involving 36 students from class X MIPA 2. This research resulted in a trigonometry module based on problem-based learning syntax. The module is declared valid with an …

Analysis Of Critical Thinking And Communication Skills In Geometric Transformation Problem Solving Using Transgeo Application, Malika Kautsar Ilmi, Mohammad Syaifuddin, Reni Dwi Susanti, Siti Khoiruli Ummah

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

The research aims to analyze narratively critical thinking and communication skills using the Android-based TransGeo application on geometry transformation in junior high school. This study uses a qualitative with a descriptive method obtained from tests and interviews. The test contains contextual problems in the android application, while the interviews are based on student test answers. Then, test results are adjusted descriptively by presenting the achievement of each student to be categorized based on critical thinking and communication scoring. Next, one student was randomly selected from each category as the interview subject. The indicator of critical thinking skills is the most …

Meta-Analysis: The Effect Of Discovery Learning Models On Students' Mathematical Ability, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, Dadang Juandi

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

This research aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of the discovery learning model on students' mathematical abilities. These included problem-solving skills, critical thinking, understanding, and mathematical reasoning. This study employs a quantitative approach with a Meta-Analysis method. Data collected was from experimental research connected to the application of discovery learning models to the mathematical abilities of elementary, junior high school, and high school students in papers indexed from 2012 to 2021. From the search and study selection results, 48 articles were obtained. The findings found an annual increase in the number of publications, most of which were on …

Master (Motivating, Acquiring, Searching, Triggering, Exhibiting, Reflecting) Learning Model In Terms Of Literacy Ability And Students' Mathematics Learning Motivation, Muhamad Sabirin, Akbar Hidayatullah, Rinda Azmi Saputri, Muh. Fajaruddin Atsnan, Maisea Ledua Nareki

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

It is argued that mathematical literacy skills might be improved when learning motivation is high. This study aims to examine the difference in mathematical literacy skills between students who joined a learning model that stimulate motivation, the MASTER learning model (Motivating, Acquiring, Searching, Triggering, Exhibiting, and Reflecting) and those who attended conventional learning in terms of high, medium, and low learning motivation. This is a quasi-experimental study with a population of all seventh-grade students of an Islamic Junior School in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling technique with group VII A as the experimental class …

Improving Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Through Realistic Mathematics Learning In Jhs Students, Sri Sutarni, Rustiwi Gatiniggsih

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

Critical thinking is a structured way of thinking in making decisions and solving problems. Because the critical thinking ability in junior high school students is low, realistic mathematics learning is considered to be able to improve students' critical thinking ability. The purpose of the research in this article is to describe the improvement of mathematical critical thinking ability through realistic mathematics learning reviewed from indicators and the averages increase each cycle. This type of research is Class Action Research that is carried out in 2 cycle. The research subjects consisted of mathematics teachers and 16 students of class VIII Muhammadiyah …

Specialized Content Knowledge Lower Secondary School Teachers On Quadrilaterals, Sadrack Luden Pagiling, Khumaeroh Dwi Nur'aini

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

The teachers' knowledge of specific content has a positive relationship with the students' mathematics achievement. Mathematics teachers must have an appropriate level to ensure mathematics learning effectively. The quadrilateral is one of the essential contents in geometry. However, many teachers did not successfully deliver and teach this content in classroom instruction. Therefore, this qualitative study explores the specialized content knowledge of lower secondary teachers in defining and classifying quadrilaterals. Four teachers, two male and two female teachers, were recruited to become participants in this work. All participants have similar teaching experience and do not hold an educator certificate. A test …

Machine Learning-Based Data Analytics For Understanding Space Weather And Climate, Yasser Abduallah

Dissertations

This dissertation addresses multiple crucial problems in space weather and climate, presenting new machine learning-based data analytics algorithms and models for tackling the problems.

First, the dissertation presents two new approaches to predicting solar flares. One approach, called DeepSun, predicts solar flares by utilizing a machine-learning-as-a-service (MLaaS) platform. The DeepSun system provides a friendly interface for Web users and an application programming interface (API) for remote programming users. It adopts an ensemble learning method that employs several machine learning algorithms to perform multiclass flare prediction. The other approach, named SolarFlareNet, forecasts the occurrence of solar flares within the next 24 …

Bioremediation Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons In Coastal Sediments, Charbel Abou Khalil

Dissertations

The biodegradation of dispersed crude oil in the ocean is relatively rapid (a half-life of a few weeks). However, it is often much slower on shorelines, usually attributed to low moisture content, nutrient limitation, and higher oil concentrations in beaches than in dispersed plumes. Another factor may be the increased salinity of the upper intertidal and supratidal zones since these parts of the beach are potentially subject to prolonged evaporation and only intermittent inundation. Therefore, two laboratory experiments are conducted to investigate whether such an increase in porewater salinity results in additional inhibitory effects on oil biodegradation in seashores.

In …

Combustion Soot Nanoparticles: Mechanism Of Restructuring And Mechanical Properties, Ali Hasani

Dissertations

Soot, a product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, is a global warming agent. The effect of soot particles on climate depends on their morphology. Freshly released soot particles are fractal lacey aggregates, but they often appear collapsed in atmospheric samples collected away from emission sources. A body of work has concluded that the collapse is caused by liquid shells when they form by vapor condensation around soot aggregates. However, some recent studies argue that soot remains fractal even when engulfed by the shells, collapsing only when the shells evaporate. To reconcile this disagreement, the effects of the condensation and …