Digital Commons Network^™

Reimagining Compassionate Release: A Lexicon For Change, Tom Nicklin, Sarah L. Cooper

Akron Law Review

No abstract provided.

Finality Is Not The Last Word, Bidish Sarma

Akron Law Review

Finality has long been upheld as a powerful governmental interest in the context of criminal adjudications. However, its nearly mythic status in our law belies its ongoing utility. Rather than fulfilling its historical goals of preserving resources and focusing incarcerated individuals on the task of rehabilitation, finality today undermines focus, facilitating mass incarceration and perpetual punishment. We are not required to accept finality as the last word; instead, we can and should interrogate its value in light of the system we have built.

This Essay briefly traces the historical development of finality in American jurisprudence. It then outlines the subsequent …

Exploring Concerns About Discretion And Disparity In Second Look Sentencing, Douglas A. Berman

Akron Law Review

This essay explores the emergence of “second look” sentencing laws in the United States, which allow judicial review of previously imposed prison sentences under certain circumstances. Highlighting the expansion of these laws, the essay examines the broad discretion granted to judges and prosecutors in deciding when and how to reduce prison sentences against the backdrop of an earlier era of structured sentencing reforms aimed at regulating sentencing discretion and reducing disparities. Somewhat ironically, the rigidity and severity of some structured sentencing reforms have contributed to modern mass incarceration to engender the emerging “second look” sentencing movement.

The essay details various …

American Mercy: The Case For Clemency, Mark Osler

Akron Law Review

After months of controversial and norm-busting clemency grants by both the Biden and second Trump administrations, many are calling for the presidential pardon power to be curtailed or eliminated. The complaints are understandable, but the death of clemency- in one fell swoop, or by a thousand cuts—would be a tragedy. Such a suggestion embodies the mistake we make so often in criminal law: imposing permanent solutions to short-term problems. Clemency’s role in national reconciliation, the mitigation of harsh laws, and in holding out hope for redemption to those convicted is too dear to lose. The answer to current harms lies …

Non-Surgical Pneumoperitoneum Following Vaginal Intercourse: A Case Report, Jessica Gocinski, Linda Haddox

Central & West Texas and San Antonio GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Podoplastic Approach For Diabetic Charcot Foot Reconstruction: Combined Medial Column Arthrodesis, Muscle Flap Closure And Circular External Fixation, Madison Power-Kruger, Alieu Kanu, Joshua Green, Thomas Zgonis

Central & West Texas and San Antonio GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Haynes County Ems Outreach Quality Improvement, Anna Parker, Linda Haddox

Central & West Texas and San Antonio GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Visual Attention And User Satisfaction In Ota Platforms: An Eye-Tracking And Big Data Approach, Aura Lydia Riswanto, Seieun Kim, Hak-Seon Kim

Faculty and Student Publications

Purpose – This study aims to investigate how visual attention to online travel agency (OTA) app elements influences user behavior and satisfaction by integrating experimental and real-world data.

Design/methodology/approach – This study used a multi-method approach combining an eye-tracking experiment with 40 participants, a post-experiment survey on usage intention and big data analysis of 5,547 Google Play reviews from five major OTA platforms, using text mining and regression techniques.

Findings – The eye-tracking results showed that users focused most on user reviews and app information, rather than logos or app names. Visual attention to reviews significantly predicted higher usage intention …

Race Evasion In White Student Affairs Professionals In Minnesota Higher Education: A Phenomenology, Cindy Boe

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

Language that includes race-evasive frames is used by White individuals to maintain a status quo wherein White individuals hold greater access to societal power and resources than people of color. Race-evasive frames include abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and disconnected power-analysis. In higher education, use of race evasive frames has been primarily documented in White college students and White faculty members. This study addressed in a gap in the literature related to race evasion in White student affairs professionals. Student affairs professionals provide direct support to college students. Scholars have suggested that student affairs professionals carry responsibility for advancing equity …

On Track But Too Slow? The Dynamics Of Eu Decarbonization, Parisa Pakrooh, Matteo A. Manera

Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Papers

Despite the strong commitment of European countries to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, the extent to which key policies and drivers jointly shape emissions dynamics remains insufficiently investigated. To fill this gap, the study investigates the combined effects of the circular economy, energy transition, emissions trading systems, carbon tax, and digitalization on carbon reduction in the EU member states. Using annual data from 2000 to 2023, the analysis integrates causal discovery, time-varying dependence modeling, and machine learning methods to unravel system-level causal structure, dynamic connectedness, and future emission trajectories. The Directed Acyclic Graph method, especially the Fast Adjacency Skewness algorithm, …

Views, Knowledge, And Implications Of Abortion Law In Texas Obgyn Residencies, Jessica Harper, Sharon Barazani, Kate Mowry, Melissa Mendez

Central & West Texas and San Antonio GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Tremor Modulation: A Systematic Review Of Resetting By Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ​, Handan Uzunçakmak Uyanik, Çağri Mesut Temuçi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Tremor arises from mechanical, reflex, or central oscillatory mechanisms. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can transiently perturb ongoing tremor and enables the quantitative assessment of phase resetting, offering circuit-level insight into tremor types. Although numerous studies have applied TMS-induced resetting, the findings have not been systematically reviewed. This study systematically reviews human studies evaluating TMS-induced tremor resetting across tremor types.

Materials and methods: A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar identified human studies using TMS to perturb tremor or rhythmic movement. Search terms included “tremor resetting,” “resetting of tremor,” “tremor phase shift,” “tremor phase reset,” “transcranial magnetic stimulation,” and …

Comparative Efficacy Of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation And Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation In Upper Trapezius Myofascial Pain Syndrome ​, Shahri̇yar Kalbi̇yev, Şehi̇m Kutlay, Ati̇lla Hali̇l Elhan, Yeşi̇m Kurtai̇ş Aytür, Aysun Genç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: In this prospective, randomized, single-blind study, the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain intensity, functional status, and tissue elasticity were evaluated in patients with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome (MPS).

Materials and methods: A total of 75 female patients were randomly allocated to three groups: rPMS, TENS, and sham rPMS. All participants were provided with an exercise program consisting of cervical range-of-motion (ROM), stretching, and strengthening exercises. Outcome measures included pain intensity assessed using the visual analog scale, pressure pain threshold (PPT), the Neck Disability Index, cervical ROM, SF-36 subscale …

Biomechanical Analysis Of Skeletal Open Bite Treatment Methods: A Comparative Finite Element Study ​, Ömer Faruk Sari, Muhammed Hi̇lmi̇ Buyukcavus

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The biomechanical effects of zygomatic anchorage plates, vertical chin-caps, and occipital headgear on dentofacial structures in patients with skeletal anterior open bite malocclusion were compared using three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Materials and methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were constructed based on computed tomography data obtained from a patient with skeletal anterior open bite. Simulation models representing zygomatic anchorage-supported intrusion, vertical chin-cap, and occipital headgear were generated under fixed orthodontic conditions. In each scenario, a unilateral force of 200 g (1.96 N) was applied along clinically relevant force vectors. Stress distributions in craniofacial bones, sutural structures, teeth, roots, and temporomandibular …

Retinal Microvascular And Neuroretinal Structural Changes In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Assessed By Octa: A Comparative Study ​, Murat Erdağ, Tunahan Çalişkan, Hakan Yildirim, Tarik Kivrak, Mehmet Canleblebi̇ci̇, Ali̇ Dal, Mehmet Balbaba

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder with systemic vasculopathy, and noninvasive assessment remains challenging. The retina, sharing anatomical similarities with the cerebral microcirculation, is an accessible site for visualizing systemic vascular compromise. This study quantitatively evaluated retinal microvascular and neuroretinal structural changes in PAH patients compared to healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Materials and methods: In this single-center, cross-sectional case-control study, 40 patients with group 1 PAH and 38 healthy controls were enrolled. For statistical independence, only the right eye of each participant was analyzed (total: 78 eyes). All participants underwent high-resolution OCTA imaging. …

Association Between Superstition Levels On Sports-Specific Success Motivation In Active Athletes: A Study In Ankara Province ​, Canan Sayin Temur

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: When athletes perceive themselves as strong, they may seek to maintain their motivation through the control of random external factors. The present study examines the effect of superstitions on sports-specific success motivation among active athletes.

Materials and methods: The research population consisted of licensed athletes in the athletics branch, while the sample comprised licensed and active athletes based in Ankara. A total of 408 athletes participated in the research, including 201 women, and 207 men. The participants completed a three-part questionnaire consisting of a Personal Information Form, the Motivation in Sports Scale, and the Superstitious Beliefs and Behaviors in …

Sun-Macerated Hypericum Perforatum Oleates In Fixed Oils: Analytical Characterization And Comparative Wound-Healing Activity, Ci̇han Çapar, Esra Akkol, Ayli̇n Yaba, Ayhan Parmaksiz, Engi̇n Sümer, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Hypericum perforatum L. oleates prepared in fixed oils have long been used for wound management due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue-regenerative properties. The bioactivity of these oleates is mainly attributed to hypericin, hyperforin, and pseudohypericin. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the wound-healing potential of H. perforatum oleates prepared in different fixed oils, including Olea europaea L. (olive), Sesamum indicum L. (sesame), Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower), and Nigella sativa L. (black seed).Materials and methodsFixed oils were characterized by GC–MS, while oleuropein in olive oil and thymoquinone in black seed oil were quantified by HPLC, and sesamin and sesamol …

Imsaloquium 2026 Event Booklet, Student Inquiry And Research (Sir)

IMSAloquium Event Booklets

Cover designed by Joyce Symoniak.

Welcome to IMSAloquium, our annual, school-wide symposium for research and inquiry! This booklet contains abstracts for over 220 outstanding projects conducted by IMSA students in the 2025-26 academic year. The topics range from biomedical research to artificial intelligence, from history to the social sciences, and from business to entrepreneurship. Many of our students are working with off-campus mentors at world-renowned universities, research laboratories, and businesses. Others are working on-campus with IMSA’s own outstanding Faculty. The SIR and IN2 Teams would like to thank all of our mentors for their efforts. Our experiential programs would not …

The Fate Of Atkins In A Post-Dobbs Era: How State Discretion Risks Harm To Intellectually Disabled And Black Defendants, Chole Quinn Sotomayor

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights and Social Justice (ERSJ) Blog

The Supreme Court’s stance on the death penalty has evolved over time. In Furman v. Georgia, the Court held that the death penalty violated the Eighth Amendment, only to reinstate it in Gregg v. Georgia four years later.  As the Court continued to interpret “evolving standards of decency,” it later categorically barred the execution of defendants with an intellectual disability in Atkins v. Virginia.  To determine if an individual is intellectually disabled, they must demonstrate subaverage adaptive skills that existed before age eighteen.  The Court has also recognized that IQ scores carry a ±5 margin of error and has …

Beth Boyd V. Shriners Hospitals For Children

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

The Impact Of An Interactive Open Education Textbook For An Undergraduate Introductory Chemistry Course For Nonmajors, Erin Avram

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Reading informational text is a critical skill across most professions. Unfortunately, students are less likely to purchase the required course materials now compared to 2010. A free, interactive text was developed for an introductory chemistry course for non-STEM majors. This involved remixing existing texts and incorporating interactive activities to engage students during the learning process and provide opportunities for them to gauge their learning. Based on the results of a student survey, 82% of students reported that it was very important to them that the text was free and 80% of students who responded reported that they used the eText …

Modeling Bitcoin Dynamics Using Differential Equations, Boone M. Fleenor

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

In this thesis, we develop and analyze two nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations to model Bitcoin price dynamics. Analytical techniques are used to obtain exact or approximate solutions where possible. Then, numerical simulations using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method are employed to explore system behavior beyond analytically tractable regimes. Finally, model outputs are compared to historical Bitcoin price data using normalized and resampled time series. These results suggest that deterministic models can provide meaningful insight into the structural behavior of Bitcoin markets, while highlighting the need for stochastic or time-dependent extensions for more realistic modeling.

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis For Hiv Among Healthcare Workers In Türkiye: A Descriptive, Multicenter Retrospective Study, Veysel Akca, İlkay Akbulut, Gül Ruhsar Yilmaz, Alper Tahmaz, Nefi̇se Öztoprak Çuvalci, İlknur Esen Yildiz, Mehmet Çabalak, Şeyma Topal, Özgür Günal, Bi̇rcan Kayaaslan, Fatma Eser, Tuba Damar Çakirca, Deni̇z Ölmez, Ali̇ye Baştuğ, Fi̇rdevs Aksoy, Hani̇fe Nur Karakoç Parlayan, Beyza Süllü, Damla Verendağ, Hatun Öztürk Çeri̇k, Mehmet Ali̇ Aşan, Ayhan Akbulut, Gülden Eser Karlidağ, Behi̇ce Kurtaran, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Turhan Togan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) plays a vital role in preventing transmission among healthcare workers following occupational exposure. Despite its clinical importance, epidemiological data regarding PEP implementation in Türkiye remain scarce. This study aimed to assess PEP practices, prophylactic treatment regimens, and follow-up outcomes among healthcare workers at risk of occupational HIV exposure.

Materials and methods: This retrospective, multicenter study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2024 across 16 healthcare facilities participating in the National HIV/AIDS Working Group. Healthcare workers aged 18 years and older who presented for evaluation following occupational exposure to HIV were …

Correspondence, George Fleischer, 1985 January 9

Documents

Correspondence from George Fleischer to Hair cast and crew regarding a 15th anniversary reunion, 1985 January 9.

Impact Of Two Sedation Protocols On Cardiac Electrophysiology During Spinal Anesthesia ​, Selvi̇naz Durantaş, Burak Nalbant, Fatma Kavak Akelma, Gökhan Erdem, Abdulkadi̇r But

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Perioperative factors such as anesthetic drugs, central blocks, surgical stress, pain, and anxiety can affect cardiac electrophysiology and increase the risk of arrhythmias. Arrhythmia susceptibility can be assessed using ventricular markers such as the QT interval (QT), heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc), QT dispersion (QTd), time between peak and end of T wave (Tp–e), cardiac electrophysiologic balance index (iCEB), and heart rate-corrected index of cardiac electrophysiologic balance (iCEBc), obtained from noninvasive electrocardiography (ECG) data. This study compared the effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine sedation on these parameters in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty performed under spinal anesthesia.

Materials and …

Comprehensive Profiling Of Gut Microbiota In Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ​, Gülsemi̇n Ertürk Çeli̇k, Sedat Yildiz, Münevver Aksoy Bektaş, Yaprak Engi̇n-Üstün

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial skeletal disease that predominantly affects postmenopausal women and is characterized by reduced bone mass and an increased risk of fractures. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in bone metabolism through immunological, endocrine, and metabolic pathways, forming the basis of the so-called gut– bone axis. This study aimed to characterize gut microbiota composition in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with healthy controls.

Materials and methods: Forty postmenopausal women aged 55–65 years were classified into osteoporosis (n = 20) and healthy control (n = 20) groups based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry T-scores. …

Johnson & Johnson V. Samsung Bioepis Co Ltd

2026 Decisions

USDC for the District of New Jersey

Front Matter

Texas A&M Law Review

Front Matter.

Individualized Cannabis Reparations, Scott Bloomberg

Texas A&M Law Review

This Article makes an argument that should be obvious. The best way for governments to right the wrongs of cannabis prohibition is to give money to people with cannabis offenses. Nonetheless, this straightforward reform has been consistently overlooked, dismissed, or minimized by policymakers and scholars alike, eschewed in favor of other social equity programs that do not right those wrongs nearly as effectively. Governments have indeed invested hundreds of millions of cannabis tax dollars in social equity licensing programs and community reinvestment initiatives. These programs—while often worthwhile—do not benefit the vast majority of people with past cannabis offenses.

Governments should …

Regulating Data Monetization, Peter Ormerod

Texas A&M Law Review

Companies today generate hundreds of billions of dollars each year by collecting massive amounts of information about human activity and wringing predictive insights from it. The scale of these influence activities is stunning: your driving habits dictate your car insurance rates, buying the wrong thing will increase your borrowing costs, and the information ecosystem you inhabit is finely tuned for keeping your attention available to the highest bidder.

States have recently enacted new consumer privacy laws that confer on individuals a series of generally applicable rights over their personal information. But this approach has proven ineffective at disciplining firms’ data …