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Temporal What-If Evaluation Of Multi-Layer Network Changes Using A Network Digital Twin, Anonymous Oct 2026

Temporal What-If Evaluation Of Multi-Layer Network Changes Using A Network Digital Twin, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

A network digital twin evaluates a pending network change as a function of time rather than at a single instant. An operator selects a bounded interval of recorded telemetry, forecast state, or both. The twin extracts a per-service demand series from the recorded state, applies the candidate changeset to form a candidate topology, and re-routes the demand of each time step onto that topology. At every step the twin computes parameters such as power, latency, capacity, utilization and signal-to-noise ratio, and scores each against a baseline and a threshold, so the result is a trajectory across the interval rather than …


Essential Fluids With Matlab And Octave - Part 2 (Application), Panchapakesan Venkataraman Oct 2026

Essential Fluids With Matlab And Octave - Part 2 (Application), Panchapakesan Venkataraman

Open Access Books by RIT Staff and Faculty

This books continues from Essential Fluids with MATLAB and Octave (Part 1), , which is a free, open access, eBook that can be downloaded from the download page. The reader is encouraged to acquire the book as it will be referenced for figures, equations, and examples in Part 2. The reader is also encouraged to visit the prerequisites and information about fluid mechanics found in Chapters 1, 2, and 3 as they are not included in Part 2.


Lindenwood Digest, October 7, 2026, Lindenwood University Oct 2026

Lindenwood Digest, October 7, 2026, Lindenwood University

Lindenwood Digest

  • Document Type & Date: Institutional internal newsletter (Lindenwood University Employee Digest), published October 7, 2026.

  • Core Entities & Provenance: Published by Lindenwood University Communications and Public Relations for faculty, staff, and adjuncts; references administrative units and venues including Human Resources, Library Services, the Lindenwood Learning Academy, Mane Media Productions, LARC, Harmon Hall, and Boyle Family Gallery.

  • Key Themes & Context: Administrative compliance and governance via annual employment policy acknowledgments and overdue staff performance goals in Workday; academic grading protocols requiring special grade entries (AF, N, I, AH, BH) by October 19 and automated Canvas-to-Anthology synchronization; faculty development initiatives encompassing the …


Papuaganda Machine: A Look At Indonesia's Burgeoning Social Media Influence Campaigns, Leland Fecher, Patrick Warren, Bb Fonseca, Kylie Gilbert, Peter Mclean, Kameron Pereira, Miles Rockow, Alexander Sharp, Katelyn Smith Oct 2026

Papuaganda Machine: A Look At Indonesia's Burgeoning Social Media Influence Campaigns, Leland Fecher, Patrick Warren, Bb Fonseca, Kylie Gilbert, Peter Mclean, Kameron Pereira, Miles Rockow, Alexander Sharp, Katelyn Smith

Media Forensics Hub Creative Inquiry Reports

Western Papua, a region which borders Papua New Guinea and is officially a part of the Republic of Indonesia, has a long history of conflict with the Indonesian government stretching back to their independence from Dutch colonialism in 1961. While Indonesia sees Papua as legally belonging within the republic, the legitimacy of this claim has been rejected by Papuan liberation movements. This division continues to manifest in violent conflict to this day. While international coverage of this conflict remains minimal, there is significant media coverage and discussion within Indonesia, especially on social media. This social media coverage often favors the …


Anemoia: Weaponized Nostalgia, The Philosophical Discussion Group Oct 2026

Anemoia: Weaponized Nostalgia, The Philosophical Discussion Group

The Philosopher's Stone

  • Anemoia: Weaponized Nostalgia 


Social Media Use And Health Literacy Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis In Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Alaa Mohammad Arafah, Fatima Kherdm, Remas Alharbi, Noor Baswaid, Badr Fahad Alduqsi, Fayaz Khan Oct 2026

Social Media Use And Health Literacy Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis In Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Alaa Mohammad Arafah, Fatima Kherdm, Remas Alharbi, Noor Baswaid, Badr Fahad Alduqsi, Fayaz Khan

Journal of Medical Rehabilitation Science

Background: Health literacy (HL) plays a critical role in managing chronic conditions, as it empowers patients with MS to effectively access, understand, and apply health information to improve their well-being. With the rising prevalence of MS in Saudi Arabia, understanding the role of social media in health communication and its relationship with the health literacy of patients with MS is essential.
Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the health literacy levels among patients with MS in Saudi Arabia and investigate association between social media use and level of health literacy.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 adult patients …


20261007: Photos Of Marshall, 1918-1998, Photos Of Marshall Oct 2026

20261007: Photos Of Marshall, 1918-1998, Photos Of Marshall

Guides to University Archives

These items include materials across the campus community in the form of photos of Marshall, campus, and its respective student body. Items were received at an earlier date and include photos from 1918-1998. These materials including Fairfield Stadium paving, the medical center and Cabell Huntington Hospice, photos of Drinko Library, Morrow Library, the President's House, the Science Building Construction, Old Main restoration, the 50th anniversary of the Artists Series, Homecoming from 1980, "Jesse Stuart Day" from 1975, some early cheerleading pictures, and some aerial photographs from Dr. Samuel Clagg. Please download this finding aid full a full list of contents.


Daily Eastern News: October 07, 2026, Eastern Illinois University Oct 2026

Daily Eastern News: October 07, 2026, Eastern Illinois University

Daily Eastern News: 2026-2027

No abstract provided.


Spectrum, Volume 57, Issue 4,, Sacred Heart University Oct 2026

Spectrum, Volume 57, Issue 4,, Sacred Heart University

Newspapers (Obelisk & Spectrum)

Highlights include: Writing History: Students Earn Journalism Awards -- Flossing into Fall 2028! -- Floods of Families -- It's Sweater Weather! -- Nobody Walks Alone -- Bump, Set, Spike: Women’s Volleyball Starts Strong -- What the Cornell Case asks of Catholic Students


Analysis Of “Oldest House In The U.S.” Photo And A Poor Retouching Job, Samuel Sisneros Oct 2026

Analysis Of “Oldest House In The U.S.” Photo And A Poor Retouching Job, Samuel Sisneros

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

This working paper analyzes a historical photo housed at the UNM’s Center for Southwest Research and Special collections. It looks specifically at a discovery made by the author that the photo was at one time heavily retouched and how this retouching can correspond to current AI image manipulation.

(No part of this paper was written with AI assistance.)


2026-10-07 As Ai Use Grows, Seattle U Faculty Seek Student Input, Q Willíams Oct 2026

2026-10-07 As Ai Use Grows, Seattle U Faculty Seek Student Input, Q Willíams

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.


Spartan Daily, October 7, 2026, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Oct 2026

Spartan Daily, October 7, 2026, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2026

Volume 167, Issue 20


Environmental Predictors Of County-Level Drowning Rates In Georgia, Jeff Turner Oct 2026

Environmental Predictors Of County-Level Drowning Rates In Georgia, Jeff Turner

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Recent increases in drowning rates, both nationally and within Georgia, have led to renewed interest in the individual, situational/behavioral, and environmental characteristics that impact drowning. This study examines the association between two environmental characteristics, natural surface water coverage and public pools, on drowning fatalities and drowning-related ER visits by county in Georgia

Methods: We gathered county-level data on drowning fatalities and drowning-related ER visits and the number of public pools from the Georgia DPH, surface water coverage from the US Census Bureau, and demographic measures from the CDC. We conducted a linear regression analysis to identify how …


Are Accountability Courts In Georgia A Cost-Effective Public Health Policy Alternative?, Brian D. Graves, Orion Mowbray, Leaanne Derigne, Holly Lynde, Angel Ellis, Rachel Meyer Oct 2026

Are Accountability Courts In Georgia A Cost-Effective Public Health Policy Alternative?, Brian D. Graves, Orion Mowbray, Leaanne Derigne, Holly Lynde, Angel Ellis, Rachel Meyer

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of accountability courts in Georgia, presenting them as a viable alternative in public health policy.

Methods: The research utilized survey data collected from 37 court programs across 40 distinct accountability court programs; it was conducted by the University of Georgia’s Carl Vinson Institute of Government in collaboration with the Council of Accountability Court Judges. The analysis includes a comparative assessment of cost savings, benefits, and differences among various court types, specifically focusing on drug courts, DUI courts, mental health courts, family treatment courts, and veterans treatment courts.

Results: Results reveal that …


Mathematical Modelling Of Nitrification And Denitrification Processes Based On Neuro-Fuzzy Bioreactor Models, Mirkhalil Agzamovich Ismailov, Boburbek Zokirjon Ugli Mannobjonov Oct 2026

Mathematical Modelling Of Nitrification And Denitrification Processes Based On Neuro-Fuzzy Bioreactor Models, Mirkhalil Agzamovich Ismailov, Boburbek Zokirjon Ugli Mannobjonov

Technical science and innovation

This paper presents the development and investigation of hybrid neural network and fuzzy models for the mathematical modelling of nitrification and denitrification processes in a biological wastewater treatment bioreactor. A comprehensive approach is proposed, integrating a mechanistic model of the ASM1/ASM2d type with neural networks (LSTM and Gaussian Process Regression), as well as a fuzzy control system based on an extended set of expert rules. A digital twin of the bioreactor was developed to allow for the prediction of the dynamic behavior of key parameters such as NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, dissolved oxygen, etc. within a prediction range of 1 to 12 …


Improving Market Acceptance Of Agrivoltaic Implementation In Japan, Divya Suresh, Yuxin Qin, Kenichiro Hiramoto, Takuma Otaki, Abhishek Choudhury, Xiao Chen, Rajib Shaw Oct 2026

Improving Market Acceptance Of Agrivoltaic Implementation In Japan, Divya Suresh, Yuxin Qin, Kenichiro Hiramoto, Takuma Otaki, Abhishek Choudhury, Xiao Chen, Rajib Shaw

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Agrivoltaics (AV) enables the simultaneous use of land for solar energy generation and agricultural production. While AV has been widely studied from technical and economic perspectives, limited attention has been paid to market acceptance among farmers, particularly in Japan, where adoption remains constrained despite policy interest in renewable energy and rural revitalization. Existing studies identify regulatory, financial, and technical barriers, but insufficiently explain how farmer-level acceptance is shaped across different agricultural contexts or how project co-benefits can support adoption. This study examines farmers’ market acceptance of AV in Japan through a multi-case analysis of six projects in rice-cultivation areas, mountainous …


Climate Change Mitigation And Forest Conservation: A Sdg-Aligned Framework For Malaysia, Hui Nee Au Yong, Chuan Chew Foo, Maryam Kalhoro, Irfan Rashdi Oct 2026

Climate Change Mitigation And Forest Conservation: A Sdg-Aligned Framework For Malaysia, Hui Nee Au Yong, Chuan Chew Foo, Maryam Kalhoro, Irfan Rashdi

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Climate change and biodiversity loss are interlinked global crises that require integrated governance approaches, particularly in biodiversity-rich countries such as Malaysia. This study develops and empirically tests a climate biodiversity sustainable development goal (SDGs) nexus model that integrates forest governance, carbon sequestration, Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK), and sustainable practices to explain climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation outcomes. Survey data were collected from 412 respondents across Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesised relationships. The analysis examines direct, mediating, and moderating relationships among governance, social, technological, and policy factors. Forest governance …


Divorce And Related Factors ``Poverty And Early Marriage'' Referring To Phenomena In Indonesia, Andika Ari Saputra, Muslihati Muslihati, Im Hambali, Ahmad Yusuf Sobri, Farhana Sabri Oct 2026

Divorce And Related Factors ``Poverty And Early Marriage'' Referring To Phenomena In Indonesia, Andika Ari Saputra, Muslihati Muslihati, Im Hambali, Ahmad Yusuf Sobri, Farhana Sabri

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Divorce has emerged as a growing multidimensional social and public health issue in Indonesia, shaped by the interaction between structural and psychosocial vulnerabilities. Grounded in a structural–psychosocial framework, this study examines how poverty and early marriage contribute to marital instability and how psychosocial factors influence post-divorce psychological outcomes, with gender considered as a moderating variable. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 417 divorced individuals across multiple regions in Indonesia. Data were collected through structured surveys and in-depth interviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The findings indicate that poverty increased the likelihood of marital instability by 3.5 …


A Scoping Review And Bibliometric Analysis Of Health Information Resilience, Wulan Suciska, Hartoyo Hartoyo, Anna Gustina Zainal, Dhanik Sulistyarini Oct 2026

A Scoping Review And Bibliometric Analysis Of Health Information Resilience, Wulan Suciska, Hartoyo Hartoyo, Anna Gustina Zainal, Dhanik Sulistyarini

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

The proliferation of digital health information has generated growing scholarly interest in understanding resilience within health information practices. This article examines the development of research on information resilience and introduces the concept of health information resilience using the ScoRBA method conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol and analyzed using the PAGER framework. A literature search was performed in the Scopus database to identify publications published between 2000 and 2025, and VOSviewer was employed to visualize the research landscape. The findings indicate that studies specifically addressing health information resilience remain limited in both scope and volume. The concept of health …


Risk Factors Of Double Burden Malnutrition (Anemia And Obesity) Among Adults In Indonesia, Apriningsih Apriningsih, Januar Ariyanto, Ismi Farah Syarifah, Riswandy Wasir, Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Widya Andini Oct 2026

Risk Factors Of Double Burden Malnutrition (Anemia And Obesity) Among Adults In Indonesia, Apriningsih Apriningsih, Januar Ariyanto, Ismi Farah Syarifah, Riswandy Wasir, Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Widya Andini

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

The Double Burden of Malnutrition (DBM), the coexistence of anemia and overweight/obesity, has emerged in transitioning populations and warrants targeted adult-focused strategies. This study aimed to identify factors associated with DBM among Indonesian adults across diverse urban and non-urban settings. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to September 2025 among 165 adults recruited via online sampling from West Papua (n = 84), North Sulawesi (n = 41), and Jakarta (n = 40). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that covered socio demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, smoking habits, exposure to traditional food promotion, anemia-prevention dietary patterns, physical activity availability, …


Who Stepswise Risk Model For Noncommunicable Disease Control In Coastal Communities Of Makassar City, Ridwan Amiruddin, Wahiduddin Wahiduddin, Indra Dwinata, Andi Selvi Yusnitasari, Andi Tenri Abeng, Ruslang Ruslang Oct 2026

Who Stepswise Risk Model For Noncommunicable Disease Control In Coastal Communities Of Makassar City, Ridwan Amiruddin, Wahiduddin Wahiduddin, Indra Dwinata, Andi Selvi Yusnitasari, Andi Tenri Abeng, Ruslang Ruslang

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) account for approximately 71% of all deaths worldwide and pose particular challenges for coastal communities owing to geographical isolation, limited healthcare access, and unique socioeconomic characteristics. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive NCD risk model using the WHO STEPSwise framework in coastal areas of Makassar, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2025, involving 138 adults aged ≥ 18 years from five coastal sub-districts. The WHO STEPSwise approach was applied in three steps: Step 1 (ques-tionnaire on demographic and behavioral risk factors), Step 2 (physical measurements), and Step 3 (biochemical measurements). Data were …


Family Farm Succession: Factors Of Business Transfer Intention, Shannon Dill Oct 2026

Family Farm Succession: Factors Of Business Transfer Intention, Shannon Dill

Journal of Extension

The transfer of farm assets across generations is essential for the continuity and sustainability of farming operations. As the number of farms decreases and the population ages, the need for effective succession planning becomes increasingly urgent. This paper investigates the factors influencing the intention to transfer family farm businesses, providing insights and recommendations. Four critical factors in farm transition were identified: (a) family dynamics and connection to the farm; (b) farm assets, abilities, and innovation for the future; (c) willingness and mechanisms to transfer the farm; and (d) barriers and conflict in farm transfer.


Voices From The Field: Perspectives From High School Financial Educators, Karen L. Franck, Christopher Sneed, Ann A. Berry Oct 2026

Voices From The Field: Perspectives From High School Financial Educators, Karen L. Franck, Christopher Sneed, Ann A. Berry

Journal of Extension

High school personal finance courses provide youth with skills to successfully manage money and finances. Extension programs have been vital partners to help develop and implement personal finance courses through resource development and trainings. To strengthen these classes, we conducted a comprehensive needs assessment with high school teachers. The needs assessment included surveys, focus groups, and interviews with high school teachers with current or previous experience teaching personal finance classes. Teachers identified major challenges related to engaging students in the program, especially students living in poverty. Recommendations include changes to the overall program and tips for replicating this needs assessment.


Does Farm Size Matter In Agricultural Extension Programs? Insights From Us Agriculture Census Data, Pilja Vitale, Joshua Campbell, Jeffrey Vitale, Michael Patrick, John Garlisch Oct 2026

Does Farm Size Matter In Agricultural Extension Programs? Insights From Us Agriculture Census Data, Pilja Vitale, Joshua Campbell, Jeffrey Vitale, Michael Patrick, John Garlisch

Journal of Extension

This commentary examines how farm size influences agricultural Extension programs in the United States, highlighting disparities between large and small farms. While large farms dominate production through advanced technologies and economies of scale, small farms are vital for food security, community well-being, and cultural preservation. Key differences include water use, labor, machinery, marketing, financial management, and food safety practices. Extension programs address these disparities through tailored initiatives such as financial literacy training for small farms and technology adoption workshops for large ones. This analysis emphasizes the need for targeted and inclusive Extension programming to enhance sustainability and equity across farm …


Battery Energy Storage Systems For Renewable Research Frontiers, Mohanad Muzahem Khalaf, A. M. Mustafa, Ayad Abbood Abdulhasan, Hussain Zuhailawati Oct 2026

Battery Energy Storage Systems For Renewable Research Frontiers, Mohanad Muzahem Khalaf, A. M. Mustafa, Ayad Abbood Abdulhasan, Hussain Zuhailawati

AUIQ Conference Proceedings

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have emerged as a cornerstone technology enabling the large-scale integration of variable renewable energy sources and the transformation of conventional electricity networks into intelligent, resilient, and low-carbon energy systems. This article provides a structured review of BESS within the science-energy (sci-energy) nexus by organizing the discussion around five analytical axes: battery chemistry families, battery management and estimation strategies, thermal and safety engineering, renewable-grid integration pathways, and sustainability and circular-economy issues. The review covers mature lithium-ion systems together with sodium-ion, solid-state, and redox flow batteries, and also examines battery management systems, thermal management, state-of-charge and state-of-health …


Recommendations For Preparticipation Cardiovascular Screening For Athletes In Saudi Arabia: A Consensus Statement From The National Heart Center, Saudi Heart Rhythm Society, And National Center For Sudden Death, Alwaleed Aljohar, Bandar S. Al-Ghamdi, Abdulrahman Y. Sabbagh, Fahad Almehmadi, Fayez Bokhari, Naeem Alshoaibi, Yahya Alhebaishi, Wael Alqarawi Oct 2026

Recommendations For Preparticipation Cardiovascular Screening For Athletes In Saudi Arabia: A Consensus Statement From The National Heart Center, Saudi Heart Rhythm Society, And National Center For Sudden Death, Alwaleed Aljohar, Bandar S. Al-Ghamdi, Abdulrahman Y. Sabbagh, Fahad Almehmadi, Fayez Bokhari, Naeem Alshoaibi, Yahya Alhebaishi, Wael Alqarawi

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Vigorous sports participation provides substantial physical and psychological benefits but may be accompanied by a small risk of sudden cardiac arrest and death in individuals with previously unrecognized cardiovascular disease. Preparticipation cardiovascular screening aims to identify athletes at increased risk, facilitate appropriate evaluation and management, and promote safe participation in sport. Despite growing international experience, no national recommendations have previously existed for Saudi Arabia. Recognizing the rapid expansion of organized sports participation driven by Saudi Vision 2030, an expert panel convened to develop consensus recommendations for the implementation of a nationwide preparticipation cardiovascular screening program. A comprehensive review of contemporary …


Academics’ Experiences Of Integrating Open Educational Resources Into Study Guides In Sri Lankan Distance Education, W.M.A.P. Sandamini Fernando, Fareed Mohamed Nawastheen Oct 2026

Academics’ Experiences Of Integrating Open Educational Resources Into Study Guides In Sri Lankan Distance Education, W.M.A.P. Sandamini Fernando, Fareed Mohamed Nawastheen

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Open educational resources (OER) can provide additional learning materials for distance education students. However, limited research has examined academics’ experiences of using OER in distance teacher education study guides. This study examined academics’ perceptions and experiences of integrating OER into the study guides of the Postgraduate Diploma in Education programme at a university offering open and distance education in Sri Lanka. The study used a survey design with 30 purposively selected academics involved in developing courses for the programme. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing 25 items rated on a five-point scale and three open-ended questions. The responses were …


From Consumers To Makers: A Community-Based Model Of The Diy Food And Beverage Kit Ecosystem, Mark Mitchell, Richard Martin, Sheila Mitchell Oct 2026

From Consumers To Makers: A Community-Based Model Of The Diy Food And Beverage Kit Ecosystem, Mark Mitchell, Richard Martin, Sheila Mitchell

Atlantic Marketing Journal

The market for do-it-yourself (DIY) food and beverage kits continues to expand as consumers seek experiences that combine convenience, learning, creativity, and participation. This conceptual paper proposes a four-community ecosystem model consisting of consumers, makers, marketers, and consumption communities. Drawing on value co-creation, prosumption, experiential consumption, and diffusion of innovation theories, the model suggests that participation in DIY production transforms consumers into makers, fosters a maker identity, and encourages engagement in product-category consumption communities. Through sharing experiences and outcomes, participants attract new consumers into the marketplace, creating a self-reinforcing cycle of growth. The framework extends value co-creation theory by explaining …


Brand Gravity And Instant Adoption: Consumer Visitation, Loyalty, And Trip Chaining Following The Entry Of A New National Coffee Chain, Mark J. Sciuchetti Jr., Jianping Huang Oct 2026

Brand Gravity And Instant Adoption: Consumer Visitation, Loyalty, And Trip Chaining Following The Entry Of A New National Coffee Chain, Mark J. Sciuchetti Jr., Jianping Huang

Atlantic Marketing Journal

This study examines how consumers adopt a strong national brand immediately after its entry into a small regional market. Using anonymized mobile location data from the first twenty-nine weeks of a new Starbucks location in Anniston, Alabama, the analysis evaluates weekly visitation, repeat behavior, visitor origin distance, trip chaining, and temporal demand. The store opened above its subsequent steady state, indicating activation of preexisting demand rather than a gradual diffusion process. Repeat visitors generated 82.6% of visits within the observation window, showing rapid movement from trial to habitual use. The entrant also exhibited a flatter distance decay gradient than adjacent …


Where Shoppers Look First: How Navigation Bar Design Shapes Visual Attention Online, James Coyle, Linh Nguyen, Lee Hillman Oct 2026

Where Shoppers Look First: How Navigation Bar Design Shapes Visual Attention Online, James Coyle, Linh Nguyen, Lee Hillman

Atlantic Marketing Journal

Abstract

Despite the crucial role that a website navigation bar can play in affecting consumer behavior, there has been a lack of theory-driven studies to investigate how to most effectively design navigation bars. Grounded in cognitive fit theory and visual attention theory, this study investigates how the effects of navigation bar design and content can influence visual processing of an unfamiliar online retailer’s website. A total of 40 subjects participated in a controlled experiment in which we gathered eye-tracking data. We find that navigation bar placement strongly affects how quickly participants locate the navigation bar: an unexpected placement more than …