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Articles 2941 - 2970 of 1519117
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Cultivating Resilience Through Mentorship: Autoethnographic Perspectives Of Minority Nursing Faculty, Katryna Mccoy, Florence Okoro, Julia U. Ugorji, Christiana Akanegbu, Karen E. Alexander, Wilma J. Calvert, Nisha Mathews, Danielle Mccamey, Kechinyere C. Iheduru-Anderson, Kashica J. Webber-Ritchey
Cultivating Resilience Through Mentorship: Autoethnographic Perspectives Of Minority Nursing Faculty, Katryna Mccoy, Florence Okoro, Julia U. Ugorji, Christiana Akanegbu, Karen E. Alexander, Wilma J. Calvert, Nisha Mathews, Danielle Mccamey, Kechinyere C. Iheduru-Anderson, Kashica J. Webber-Ritchey
International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)
Mentorship is central to cultivating resilience and leadership in nursing academia, yet its impact is shaped by lived experience (Akanegbu & Iheduru Anderson, 2022). Minority nursing faculty often navigate unique stressors, and mentors who share affinity with their experiences can play a critical role in fostering support and professional growth (Calvert et al., 2025; Johnson et al., 2023). This study employs collaborative autoethnographic methods, grounded in Black feminist thought and intersectionality, to examine how minority nursing faculty perceive and enact their roles as mentors in higher education (Crenshaw, 1991). By foregrounding lived experience, relational accountability, and voice as valid forms …
Facilitators And Barriers To Alarm Management In Icu: A Qualitative Systematic Review Using Cfir, Jiayi Wang, Yitong Mao, Zhiting Guo, Yuping Zhang, Jingfen Jin
Facilitators And Barriers To Alarm Management In Icu: A Qualitative Systematic Review Using Cfir, Jiayi Wang, Yitong Mao, Zhiting Guo, Yuping Zhang, Jingfen Jin
International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)
A literature search of four English-language databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library) and three Chinese-language databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, VIP Database). Studies from inception to October 1 2025 published in English or Chinese using qualitative or mixed methods to explore alarm management practices in intensive care units were included. Based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 1, data were synthesized by classifying influencing factors into the five domains and 48 constructs. Key domains and factors were identified through frequency analysis across and within domains. The Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment was used …
Nursing De-Escalation Interventions And Aggression Outcomes Using Dasa-Iv In Medical–Surgical Units, Suzanne Gervase, Heather A. Shirk, Felicia Markwordt, Theodore Bell, Bruno Saconi
Nursing De-Escalation Interventions And Aggression Outcomes Using Dasa-Iv In Medical–Surgical Units, Suzanne Gervase, Heather A. Shirk, Felicia Markwordt, Theodore Bell, Bruno Saconi
International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)
Purpose: This study evaluated whether nursing de-escalation interventions implemented during routine care reduce subsequent aggression risk and aggressive behaviors among hospitalized adults on medical-surgical units.
Background: Violence toward healthcare personnel is increasingly common beyond traditional high-risk settings. Guidance encourages pairing validated aggression-risk assessments with risk-responsive, evidence-based interventions. However, evidence supporting such approaches in medical-surgical units remain limited, despite rising global attention to workforce safety.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 277,221 Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression-Inpatient Version (DASA-IV) assessments from six hospitals collected between March and December 2024. Descriptive statistics characterized intervention use across DASA-IV risk levels. Time-lagged linear mixed-effects …
Exploring Nurse Managers' Experiences In Integrating Internationally Educated Nurses In Ontario, Naseem Issani, Sue Bookey-Bassett, Sherry Espin, Alyssa Indar, Elaine Santa Mina
Exploring Nurse Managers' Experiences In Integrating Internationally Educated Nurses In Ontario, Naseem Issani, Sue Bookey-Bassett, Sherry Espin, Alyssa Indar, Elaine Santa Mina
International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)
Background: The College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) reported significant growth in 2025, with IENs now comprising over 53% of all new Registered Nurses (RNs) registrations. As successful IEN integration is complex and influenced by managerial actions, this study is grounded in the understanding that integration must be a two-way process, requiring adaptation from both the IEN and the receiving organization.
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to explore nurse managers' experiences in integrating IENs into acute care settings in Ontario.
Methods: This qualitative descriptive study explored the experiences of 20 nurse managers in Ontario acute care settings regarding …
Advancing Nursing Student Competence In Health Equity Through Global And Community-Based Learning, Catherine Quay, Shirley Etienne, Lori Hubbard, Jeanmarie Rampolla Koonts, Cyra Kussman
Advancing Nursing Student Competence In Health Equity Through Global And Community-Based Learning, Catherine Quay, Shirley Etienne, Lori Hubbard, Jeanmarie Rampolla Koonts, Cyra Kussman
International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)
The purpose of this project was to revise and evaluate a scaffolded nursing curriculum designed to build health equity competence in prelicensure students. Responding to nursing education priorities, the curriculum prepares learners to address persistent health disparities within increasingly interconnected global and local systems. Guided by the AACN Essentials framework, the model integrates didactic coursework, community-engaged learning, and global experiential opportunities to deepen understanding of social and structural determinants of health, population health principles, and culturally responsive practice.
The introductory course develops foundational competence through critical self-reflection on cultural identity, implicit bias, and the influence of personal assumptions on care. …
Teaching Through Tension: Strategies For Navigating Sociopolitical Challenges In Nursing Education, Anthony Carney, Sharon Ann Taylor-Smalls, Stacia Birdsall, Donna Cill, Richard Dorritie
Teaching Through Tension: Strategies For Navigating Sociopolitical Challenges In Nursing Education, Anthony Carney, Sharon Ann Taylor-Smalls, Stacia Birdsall, Donna Cill, Richard Dorritie
International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)
Nursing education is shaped by complex sociopolitical forces that challenge faculty as they teach essential yet often contested topics, including LGBTQ+ health, racism and structural inequities, reproductive care, and social determinants of health, for example. As public discourse, regulatory pressures, and cultural tensions intensify, faculty must navigate how to uphold ethical, evidence-informed teaching while cultivating psychological safety, academic rigor, and meaningful learner engagement. Guided by the Access, Community, and Engagement (ACE) priorities at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, this workshop offers a globally adaptable, case-based approach for ethically and effectively facilitating sensitive or politicized content.
The session begins with …
Reimagining Education Through Intuitive Interspecies Communication: Listening, Learning, And Belonging Beyond The Human, Avantika Mathur, Megan Tucker, Anita Vallala, Cathrine Nyquist
Reimagining Education Through Intuitive Interspecies Communication: Listening, Learning, And Belonging Beyond The Human, Avantika Mathur, Megan Tucker, Anita Vallala, Cathrine Nyquist
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
Conventional educational paradigms have long been shaped by worldviews that centre human rationality, and exclude the agency, intelligence, and communicative capacity of non-human beings. While holistic and contemplative education movements have begun to open space for alternative approaches, a broader reconceptualization is needed – one that embraces the living world as intelligent, interconnected, and full of meaning.
This submission explores intuitive interspecies communication (IIC), described as the direct, non-verbal exchange between humans and other animals that draws on intuitive capacities. IIC is widespread and growing rapidly as a global professional practice, and academic interest in this topic has expanded in …
Poetry As Liminal Inquiry: Illuminating Complexity, Mysticism, And Embodied Knowing, Vicki Boley Dr.
Poetry As Liminal Inquiry: Illuminating Complexity, Mysticism, And Embodied Knowing, Vicki Boley Dr.
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
This paper explores poetry as a form of liminal inquiry, positioning poetic practice as an embodied, intuitive, and relational mode of meaning-making within the complexity of teaching and learning. Drawing on a reflective collection of poems written during a doctoral course on Mysticism and Activism in Education, the author revisits this work from a current perspective as an educator and scholar, using complexity theory to understand both the poetic process and classroom learning as nonlinear, emergent, and relational systems. Rather than yielding to linear thinking or single answers, the paper argues that poetic inquiry mirrors how insight develops in complex …
Can One Learn From Dreams?, Anastasia Lavrenyuk
Can One Learn From Dreams?, Anastasia Lavrenyuk
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
This reflective essay explores the educational significance of dream-based and intuitive knowledge through the lens of a field experience in the Peruvian Amazon. While participating in a course on sustainability and Indigenous knowledge, I encountered a member of the Ese Eja community who described how medicinal plant wisdom once came through dreams—through spiritual connection with the forest. This moment prompted a personal and scholarly inquiry into how non-rational, subjective ways of knowing have historically shaped both scientific and cultural breakthroughs, from the structure of chemical element benzene to Indigenous learning systems. Drawing on examples from physics, neuroscience, and Indigenous epistemologies, …
In The Problem Lies The Solution: How Digital Mindfulness Can Address The College Students’ Mental Health Crisis And Support Holistic Education, Steve Haberlin
In The Problem Lies The Solution: How Digital Mindfulness Can Address The College Students’ Mental Health Crisis And Support Holistic Education, Steve Haberlin
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
The mental health of today’s college students remains a serious concern. The alarming trend of greater psychological distress among undergraduates shows no signs of slowing. Excessive smartphone usage, screen time, and social media have been attributed as partial factors. However, what if forms of digital mindfulness and technology-assisted contemplative practices are the key to assisting students with stress, anxiety, depression and other problems? In this article, the author posits that innovations, such as neurofeedback-loop meditation platforms that dramatically increase focus, virtual reality platforms featuring in depth-meditation instruction, and Artificial Intelligence have the potential to address the crisis, establishing a refreshed …
International Students And Spiritual Capital: Meditation As A Tool To Support Student Well-Being, Anna Grigoreva, Anna Lytkina
International Students And Spiritual Capital: Meditation As A Tool To Support Student Well-Being, Anna Grigoreva, Anna Lytkina
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
In a new academic environment, international students often face more than just academic challenges, as they also navigate cultural adjustment, identity shifts, digital overload and emotional stress. These multidimensional challenges are further intensified by performance pressures and rapidly evolving educational technologies. This article explores the role of meditation as a contemplative practice that may support international students’ adaptation within the American higher education system. The article focuses on how international students draw upon inner strength, purpose, and resilience to navigate and sustain themselves through periods of transition and difficulty. Using autoethnography as a primary methodological approach, the authors analyze their …
Nurturing The Spiritual Core In Teachers Within The Nexus Of Science And Spirituality, Sarina C. Molina
Nurturing The Spiritual Core In Teachers Within The Nexus Of Science And Spirituality, Sarina C. Molina
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
This reflective essay explores the intersection of science and spirituality in nurturing teachers’ inner lives as a foundation for supporting student well-being. Against the backdrop of a global mental health crisis, it integrates insights from neuroscience, Indigenous wisdom traditions, and values-based education to advocate for a holistic mind–body–nature connection. Emerging research on neuroplasticity, heart–brain coherence, and self-transcendence has shown the physiological and psychological benefits of spiritual cultivation for educators. Drawing on Indigenous epistemologies, this essay highlights contemplative and heart-centered practices that foster self-transformation, resilience, and authentic relationality. Practical applications for teacher education, curriculum design, and community engagement illustrate how spiritual …
The Calculus Of Difference: Pluralism And Integration Through Education In India, Deepa Srikantaiah
The Calculus Of Difference: Pluralism And Integration Through Education In India, Deepa Srikantaiah
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
This paper introduces a calculus-based conceptual framework to examine how India sustains pluralistic integration across its extraordinary religious, linguistic, and cultural diversity. Drawing on mathematical principles of integration, continuity, and the Infinity Principle, the analysis demonstrates how social cohesion emerges from sustained attention to the infinitesimal: the localized communities, languages, and practices that constitute India's complex social fabric. The framework positions education as the primary integrative mechanism, functioning analogously to the mathematical process of integration by decomposing social complexity into comprehensible parts and reassembling them into collective understanding.
Through historical analysis spanning from the Indus Valley Civilization to contemporary India, …
Toward A Post-Modern Daoist Pedagogy: Bridging Complexity And Dao Through Inner Cultivation And Autopoietic Currere, Jie Yu, Jingyu Liu
Toward A Post-Modern Daoist Pedagogy: Bridging Complexity And Dao Through Inner Cultivation And Autopoietic Currere, Jie Yu, Jingyu Liu
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
This article first critically examines the call to reenchant the world as it resonates within a middle space between science and mysticism and then connects key ideas from complexity theory and systems thinking on complex adaptive systems with two seminal Daoist texts: the Neiye (《內業》, Inner Cultivation), a proto-Daoist chapter from the Guanzi anthology (4th–3rd century B.C.E.), and the Huangting Jing (《黃庭經》, Yellow Court Scripture), a later Daoist classic (3rd–4th century C.E.). Through this dialogue, the article advocates a post-modern Daoist pedagogy through inner cultivation and autopoietic currere—an autopoietic process wherein curriculum emerges organically through participatory dialogue …
Editors’ Introduction, Kathleen R. Kesson Dr., Susan H. Edgerton, Jing Lin
Editors’ Introduction, Kathleen R. Kesson Dr., Susan H. Edgerton, Jing Lin
Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education
This is the introduction to the Special Issue
Notification String Optimization Using Reinforcement Learning And Llms, Sumit Kumar Jha, Ishan Gambhir, Shubham Kumawat
Notification String Optimization Using Reinforcement Learning And Llms, Sumit Kumar Jha, Ishan Gambhir, Shubham Kumawat
Defensive Publications Series
Current approaches to avoid the drop in engagement with notifications have a high overhead, are slow to roll out, and lack content personalization. This disclosure describes techniques, implemented with user permission, to automatically select and manage content for push notifications with an automated closed-loop self-healing personalized architecture. The approach can be implemented with a Contextual Multi-Armed Bandit (CMAB) Reinforcement Learning (RL) model with reward signals configured to trigger a Large Language Model (LLM) to generate, validate, and inject fresh personalized notification strings in the content pool. The pipeline to generate structured content to replace previously pushed notification content can be …
Kenneth Samen Bc 1992 Collection Finding Aid
Healthy Calling: From Toxic Burnout To Sustainable Work, Kathy Hoppe
Healthy Calling: From Toxic Burnout To Sustainable Work, Kathy Hoppe
Salubritas: International Journal of Spirit-Empowered Counseling
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Ghanian Pentecostal-Charismatic Churches In Fighting Sexual Violence Against Women, Christian Tsekpoe
The Role Of Ghanian Pentecostal-Charismatic Churches In Fighting Sexual Violence Against Women, Christian Tsekpoe
Salubritas: International Journal of Spirit-Empowered Counseling
No abstract provided.
Beyond Boundaries: Unlocking Positive Social Change Through Shared Expertise, Sigifredo Castell Britton
Beyond Boundaries: Unlocking Positive Social Change Through Shared Expertise, Sigifredo Castell Britton
Journal of Social Work in the Global Community
Societal progress thrives through the dynamic interplay of diverse disciplines, each contributing unique insights to advance positive change. Interdisciplinary collaboration plays a crucial role in addressing complex social challenges by combining the strengths of various fields. This article explores the historical evolution, theoretical foundations, and practical applications of interdisciplinary collaboration to foster positive social change. The discussion provides definitions of key terms, such as societal progress and positive social change, within distinct ideological and contextual frameworks. It makes use of these to clarify the direction of positive change in different societal settings. Historical and contemporary examples, such as Bolivia’s social …
L. W. V. Jersey City Board Of Education
L. W. V. Jersey City Board Of Education
2026 Decisions
USDC for the District of New Jersey
Biki: Design Overhaul, Meg Rawson
Biki: Design Overhaul, Meg Rawson
Computer Science and Engineering Senior Theses
For children from bilingual households, kindergarten can represent both an introduction to formal mathematics education and a period of increased exposure to the English language. Students may therefore be learning foundational mathematical concepts while simultaneously developing the English vocabulary used to describe those concepts. BiKi (Bilingual Math for Kindergartners) was developed to help bridge this gap through an educational application that combines visual, auditory, and interactive learning activities to reinforce mathematical vocabulary in both English and a student’s home language.
This work builds upon the existing BiKi application while maintaining its original educational goals and intended audience. The primary focus …
Digital Mental Health Intervention For Young Employees Using Intervention Mapping, Suk-Sun Kim, Daeun Kim, Minji Gil, Hyewon Shin, Boyoung Kim, Yeonjoo Son
Digital Mental Health Intervention For Young Employees Using Intervention Mapping, Suk-Sun Kim, Daeun Kim, Minji Gil, Hyewon Shin, Boyoung Kim, Yeonjoo Son
International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)
Background: Young adults in Korea experience high risks of depression and suicide, yet preventive digital interventions tailored for young employees remain limited (Statistics Korea, 2023).
Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a digital mental health intervention designed to prevent depression and promote psychological well-being in young employees.
Methods: Using six steps of the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol (Bartholomew Eldredge et al. 2016), a tailored digital mental health intervention for Korean young employees was developed. The intervention offered six asynchronous psychoeducational modules and a weekly 60-minute Zoom-based group coaching session across six weeks. Thirty-eight employees were recruited via social …
Can Ai Pass The Us Army War College?, Kevin M. Boyce, John A. Nagl, Kristan J. Wheaton
Can Ai Pass The Us Army War College?, Kevin M. Boyce, John A. Nagl, Kristan J. Wheaton
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
The US Army War College oral comprehensive examination serves as the institution’s capstone, measuring its senior officers’ strategic thinking. In early 2026, three faculty panels applied that standard to four leading commercial artificial intelligence (AI) systems: ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Grok. Prompted without core curriculum materials, all four models passed. Unlike static benchmarks, the examination’s impromptu dialogue format revealed meaningful performance differences that were invisible in general-purpose evaluations, with one model performing at a statistically significant advantage. These findings challenge how the Department of War assesses commercial AI for strategic applications and point toward domain-specific, dialogue-based benchmarking as a more …
Intellectual Interoperability: Lessons From Afghanistan For Security Cooperation, Sae Schatz, Scott C. Buchanan
Intellectual Interoperability: Lessons From Afghanistan For Security Cooperation, Sae Schatz, Scott C. Buchanan
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
This article argues that intellectual interoperability—the cognitive and conceptual alignment necessary for multinational partners to coordinate decision making effectively—is a critical, yet undervalued, dimension of security cooperation. While considerable scholarship already explores technical and procedural interoperability, this piece examines its human dimensions and demonstrates their significance through an evidence-based analysis of gaps observed in Afghanistan (2001–21). Drawing on policy documents, doctrine, scholarly literature, and one author’s firsthand experience as a Ministry of Defense adviser in Afghanistan, this article offers military and policy practitioners three actionable lessons for building security partnerships resilient enough to withstand strategic pressure.
Neural Network Driven By Electrochemical Performance Data For Predicting The Discharge Termination Time Of Seawater Electrolyte-Based Metal-Air Batteries, Peng-Peng Shen, Yi-Chi Pan, Yu-Rong Liu, Lu-Dan Zhang, Ning Niu, Guan-Jun Wang, De-Kun Yang, Xin-Long Tian, Peng Rao
Neural Network Driven By Electrochemical Performance Data For Predicting The Discharge Termination Time Of Seawater Electrolyte-Based Metal-Air Batteries, Peng-Peng Shen, Yi-Chi Pan, Yu-Rong Liu, Lu-Dan Zhang, Ning Niu, Guan-Jun Wang, De-Kun Yang, Xin-Long Tian, Peng Rao
Journal of Electrochemistry
Seawater electrolyte-based metal-air batteries exhibit great promise for marine energy supply systems. However, conventional statistical analysis methods, though applicable to seawater metal-air battery lifetime prediction, have inherent limitations of insufficient prediction accuracy and large error. Herein, a deep time-series regression framework based on InceptionTime and incorporating prior-biased attention pooling is proposed to construct a nonlinear mapping between electrochemical performance sequences and the discharge termination time of catalysts. Specifically, chronoamperometric profiles are employed to extract long-term stability features, while prior knowledge derived from linear sweep voltammetry is introduced to strengthen the attention weighting over critical potential regions. Under a nested leave-one-catalyst-out …
Mitochondrial Trna-Derived Fragments As Candidate Metastasis-Modifying Rna, Katy L. Swancutt, R. Mckinnon Walsh, Sydney Quijano, Emily Schueddig, Devin C. Koestler, Adam D. Scheid, Tony Vanden Bush, Yi Jing, Isidore Rigoutsos, Danny R. Welch
Mitochondrial Trna-Derived Fragments As Candidate Metastasis-Modifying Rna, Katy L. Swancutt, R. Mckinnon Walsh, Sydney Quijano, Emily Schueddig, Devin C. Koestler, Adam D. Scheid, Tony Vanden Bush, Yi Jing, Isidore Rigoutsos, Danny R. Welch
Computational Medicine Center Faculty Papers
UNLABELLED: How mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms influence complex phenotypes remains poorly understood. Using mitochondrial-nuclear exchange mice, we previously showed that mtDNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) modify metastasis, cardiovascular disease, and epigenetic marks independently of metabolic differences. The only mtDNA SNP correlating with these phenotypes resides in the gene encoding mitochondrial transfer RNA (tRNA)-arginine [mt-tRNAArg (UCG), mt-TR], suggesting a role for non-protein-coding loci. In this study, we identify and preliminarily characterize previously undescribed tRNA-derived fragments (tRF) generated from mt-TRs. Northern blotting revealed distinct tRF that are differentially expressed among mtDNA SNPs, between lung and liver, and between sexes. Surprisingly, small RNA sequencing …
Semantic-Guided Diffusion Autoencoder For Medical Image Synthesis And Representation Learning, Neda Yousefi, Abbas Koochari, Azadeh Zamanifar
Semantic-Guided Diffusion Autoencoder For Medical Image Synthesis And Representation Learning, Neda Yousefi, Abbas Koochari, Azadeh Zamanifar
Makara Journal of Technology
The development of robust machine learning models for medical diagnostics is constrained by the scarcity of large, annotated imaging datasets, a challenge rooted in high acquisition costs and stringent privacy regulations. To address this, generative approaches for data synthesis have emerged as an essential tool, and this study explores the use of diffusion models to generate medical images. This study introduces a novel Diffusion Autoencoder Model (DAM) integrated with a semantic encoder framework to generate interpretable and decodable image representations. Our DAM learns disentangled latent features via its encoder, which then conditions a diffusion probabilistic model acting as the decoder, …
Early Detection Of Alzheimer’S Disease Using Federated Learning Based On Personalized Gans: A Data-Driven Approach, Iffat Fatima, Uzair Iqbal, Uzair Ishtiaq, Muhammad Burhan Ul Islam Khan
Early Detection Of Alzheimer’S Disease Using Federated Learning Based On Personalized Gans: A Data-Driven Approach, Iffat Fatima, Uzair Iqbal, Uzair Ishtiaq, Muhammad Burhan Ul Islam Khan
Makara Journal of Technology
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease marked by the slow worsening of memory and cognitive functions. Early detection is a key to effective disease management, but the creation of reliable machine learning models is not an easy task because medical data are limited, and there are strict privacy requirements, such as GDPR and HIPAA, that inhibit the creation of central databases. In this paper, a new privacy-saving model that combines personalized federated learning (PFL) with generative adversarial networks (GANs) is proposed to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease. Under the proposed method, the synthesis of data using GAN is conducted on …
Nicotine Pouches: Harm Reduction Or Initiation Pathway? A Pharmacy-Focused Review, Emmanuel Fashesin Souza, Keykavous Parang
Nicotine Pouches: Harm Reduction Or Initiation Pathway? A Pharmacy-Focused Review, Emmanuel Fashesin Souza, Keykavous Parang
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Background
Nicotine pouches (NPs) are a rapidly growing category of tobacco-free oral nicotine products increasingly available in the community, including pharmacies. Whether NPs primarily function as harm-reduction tools for existing tobacco users or as a novel initiation pathway into nicotine and tobacco use, particularly among youth, remains a critical and unresolved clinical and public health question.
Objectives
To synthesize current evidence on the pharmacology, harm-reduction potential, and initiation risk of NPs; to compare NPs with U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved nicotine replacement therapy and combustible cigarettes; and to identify implications and counseling priorities for pharmacy practice.
Methods
A narrative evidence …