Digital Commons Network^™

Sdr-Based Intelligent Cooperative Spectrum Sensing For Cognitive Radio Systems, Ali Radhi, Hanan Akkar, Hikmat Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the software and hardware of a software-defined radio (SDR) platform are used to implement and verify the blind real-time sensing act of intelligent collaborative spectrum sensing based on a new theoretical formula for constructing denoised mixed features named MSKU3 and paired with an unsupervised machine learning K-Medoids algorithm. Two low-cost RTL-SDR dongle hardware receivers are used as two cooperative unlicensed secondary users to capture the radio frequency of a licensed primary user channel. A host personal computer is used as a fusion center to run GNU-Radio software signal processing blocks to implement the developed method, and a …

An Unbalance Three Phase Currents Detection Technique For Load Side Broken Conductor Fault In The Iraqi Distribution System, Ali Al-Baghdadi, Mohammed Abd, Firas Flaih

Engineering and Technology Journal

Electrical supply safety and quality represent targets that Iraqi power distribution companies always strive to meet. Load-side broken conductor fault LSBC is one of the greatest faults affecting both targets. Stand out since the magnitudes of the impact on the system are too small to activate the relevant system protection devices in Iraqi substation 33/11kV. Therefore, protection from LSBC faults has been one of the biggest challenges in the Iraqi electrical distribution system. In this context, the main aim of this article is to present a method for detecting LSBC faults by unbalanced three-phase currents faults measured in a 33/11kv …

Design And Implement The Innovative Drugstore For Health Care Services Based On Health Mobile Applications And Advanced Iot, Yusur Al - Saffar, Sabah Gitaffa, Abbas H. Issa

Engineering and Technology Journal

The health care problems are errors in taking medication, improper storage of the medication, irregularly taking the medication on time, and not knowing the side effects of taking medication with different foods. This work aims to find an integrated system that works on informing people of the medicine they take, the exact dose of the medicine at all times, keeping the medicine from spoiling, alerting the patient to the side effects of the medicine, and creating tables for taking the history of taking medicines. This assists doctors when going to the hospital in emergency cases. The innovative drugstore is built …

Antenna Gain-Bandwidth Enhancements Using Crlh Hilbert Fractal-Based Structure, Marwa Ismail, Taha Elwi, A. Salim

Engineering and Technology Journal

With the development of communication systems, antennas of small size and high gain have become essential to keep up with the new challenges. The metamaterials made these challenges possible. In this paper, a new low-profile metamaterials-based array is designed. The array unit cell comprises a symmetric composite right left hand (CRLH) unit cell. A third-order Hilbert curve structure replaces the VIA, and aperiodic slots are introduced between the unit cells to enhance the overall performance. This design provides a significant improvement over the original design. CST MWS was used to stimulate the design. Gain and S11 are calculated to evaluate …

Improved Design For The High Gain Wideband Matrix Amplifiers Using Differential Cells And Microwave Cmos Technology, Saeed Ridha, Azad Kareem, Ashwaq Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The Matrix Amplifier is a structure designed to increase the gain of the wideband distributed amplifiers. A matrix amplifier is used to improve the pass-band gain while preserving the dispersed design-wide characteristics to use the multiplicative gain mechanism. In this paper, the matrix distributed amplifier methodology is developed using differential cells instead of active amplifier cells to improve the wideband characteristics. Shunt capacitances are connected in the centerline to absorb the peaking impact at a cut-off frequency and reduce gain ripples. As an application of the ideas and concepts of matrix amplifiers, a modified step-by-step design of rows 4 and …

A Modification Of Shortest Path Algorithm According To Adjustable Weights Based On Dijkstra Algorithm, Luay Jabbar, Eyad Abass, Sundus Hasan

Engineering and Technology Journal

It is possible to represent the road map on the paper and study it using Dijkstra`s algorithm to find the shortest path on the real earth. Dijkstra`s Algorithms are used for calculating the shortest path from source to sink to enable query operations that follow. Dynamic shortest-route techniques are needed to accommodate the modifications within the underlying community topology. Every solution includes figuring out the nodes whose shortest routes could be impacted through the updates and producing a list of affected vertices and their updated shortest pathways. In this work, the advent of the retroactive priority queue information structure makes …

Review On Virtual Inertia Control Topologies For Improving Frequency Stability Of Microgrid, Raof Idan, Ali Mahdi, Thamir Abdul Wahhab

Engineering and Technology Journal

Renewable energy sources (RESs), such as solar and wind power, offer new technologies for meeting the world's energy requirements. The distributed generator (DG) based on RESs has no rotational mass and damping effects compared to the traditional power system with synchronous generators (SG). However, the increasing penetration level of DG based on RESs causes low inertia, a dampening effect on the dynamic performance of the grid, and stability. A solution to improve the frequency stability of such a system is to provide virtual inertia by using virtual synchronous generators (VSG), which can be created by using short-term energy storage and …

Essais De Montaigne, Michel De Montaigne

Hannah Arendt Marginalia - All

Call#: PQ1642.E6 T44

Paris, La Pleiade, 1950.

Contains underlining and marginal lining

PDF Information: 17 pages - 4.5MB

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Voltage Control For Lcl-Filter Grid-Connected Converter, Safa Olwie, Abdulrahim Humod, Fadhil Hasan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Inductance – Capacitance – Inductance (LCL) filter is a very attractive candidate for renewable energy system applications due to its high efficiency. High attenuation of the switching frequency harmonics, small size, low fee, and improving the overall harmonic distortion (THD). This paper presents how voltage is affected by increased loads or voltage sag. Therefore it is necessary to control it with certain controllers. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used as an intelligent controller, the voltage constraint as training data for ANFIS obtained from PI. The filter works in a good connection between the inverter and the grid and …

Performance Evaluation Of Integrated Antennas On Photovoltaic Solar Cells, Ahmed Al-Alawi, Said Al Gheilani, Ahmed Al-Zeidi, Mohammed Bait-Suwailam

Engineering and Technology Journal

The performance of antennas is critical to ensuring reliable wireless communication and robust data transmission. Unfortunately, antennas’ performance gets degraded when loaded with lossy materials. This paper presents the numerical and experimental evaluation of low-profile antennas’ performance when integrated with photovoltaic (PV) solar cells for potential use in smart grid and green power networks. Such integrated antennas can serve as a communication unit and sensors to monitor PV solar cells. For convenience, a microstrip patch antenna was used in this assessment study, where the antenna was designed, numerically simulated, and experimentally tested. After which, it was installed on top of …

A Modified Global Management Controller For A Grid-Connected Pv System With Battery Under Various Power Balance Modes, Diana Obaid, Ali Mahdi, Mohammed Alkafaji

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work presents an Energy Management System (EMS) constructed on dissimilar power balance modes and dynamic grid power to activate a DC-link microgrid with a solar (PV-array) generator and battery storage. In addition, the option of requesting adjustable power from the grid to encounter load demand is also presented.  Based on the availability of solar sources, battery state, and grid power, energy management offers the appropriate references for all modes. Six power balance options are defined based on power supply, storage system, and grid mobility to match the load requirement. The aims are to reduce energy usage and upsurge the …

The Structural And Optical Investigation Of Grown Gan Film On Porous Silicon Substrate Prepared By Pld, Haneen Jabar, Makram Fakhri, Mohammed Abdulrazzaq, Subash C. B. Gopinath

Engineering and Technology Journal

The optical properties of a grown gallium nitride (GaN) thin film on a porous silicon (P-Si) substrate was investigated. A Photo-electrochemical etching method was used to synthesize the Psi substrate, and a physical deposition method (pulsed laser deposition) of 1064 nm Q-switch Nd: YAG laser with a vacuum of 10−2 mbar was used to grow a thin layer of GaN on a prepared P-Si substrate. X-Ray diffraction displayed that GaN film has a high crystalline nature at the (002) plane. The photoluminescence of GaN film exhibited ultraviolet PL with a peak wavelength of 374 nm corresponding to GaN material and …

Omnidirectional Mobil Robot With Navigation Using Slam, Hiba Najim, Iman Kareem, Wisam Abdul-Lateef

Engineering and Technology Journal

As mobile robots have become widespread in indoor environments with narrow and crowded corridors, such as institutions, the demand for mobile robots has recently increased, especially for service purposes (homes, hospitals, and nursing homes for the elderly). The most important factor of autonomous navigation is the mobile robot's awareness of its surroundings, with the robot's ability to move from one place to another smoothly and safely in terms of avoiding obstacles. In this paper, a mobile robot with multi-directional wheels was designed to work in indoor environments and narrow corridors. SLAM was used to map the environment in which the …

Epoxy-Nanoceramic Composites For 5g Antennas, Hasanain Altalebi, Alaa Atiyah, Saad Farid

Engineering and Technology Journal

Epoxy–nanoceramic composites of BiVO4 (BVO), LaNbO4 (LNO), and Li6Mg7Ti3O16 (LMT) were prepared using the solvent mixing method. The ceramic nano-fillers volume fractions were (5, 8, 10, and 12%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the crystal structure and size distribution of nanoceramics, respectively. The dielectric constant and loss tangent were measured in the frequency range of (4-8) GHz. The measurement technique was the waveguide approach via a Vector Network analyzer (VNA). The effect of the volume fraction of ceramic fillers on the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composites at 5.28 GHz (5G) …

Dynamic Response Of Deepwater Pile Foundation Bridge Piers Under Current-Wave And Earthquake Excitation, Riyadh Alsultani, Ibtisam Karim, Saleh Khassaf

Engineering and Technology Journal

Pile foundation bridges are structures extending in the middle of the sea, so they are subject to currents, waves, and earthquake forces. This article presents a hybrid simulation that was used with input excitations of different current velocities, wave properties, and earthquake amplitudes to assess the non-linear dynamic behavior of pile foundation bridge piers. Based on the interface between MATLAB and ABAQUS software, the general formulations of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) under combined current-wave and earthquake loads are derived. Hydrodynamic and earthquake loading is consistently introduced by creating synthetic time histories of combined current-wave actions and spatially variable ground motion. The …

Eco-Sustainable Bridging Of Housing Deficit – A Case Study Of Nigeria, Olumide Towoju, Timothy Adeyi, Kayode Ekun, Omogbolade Adepitan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Keeping the average global temperature rise below the 1.5oC value over the pre-industrial era requires all hands to be on deck. The energy sector, transportation sector, and the agricultural/land use segment are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions responsible for global warming. While there is an ongoing campaign for tree planting to reduce atmospheric CO2 volumes, it is imperative to note that the population explosion in some climes is pushing up the demands for land. The housing deficit in Nigeria is more than twenty million units. Building units are required to bridge the deficit; hence, an attendant forest cover loss. …

Optimization Of Surface Plasmon Resonance (Spr) For Gold/Air Interface By Using Kretschmann Configuration, Yadgar Shwan, Berun Ghafoor, Govar Hamasalih

Engineering and Technology Journal

The coherent oscillation of electrons at contact among a dielectric and metal when the metal is exposed to incoming plasmon is known as “surface Plasmon resonance”. To achieve the best surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal, several aspects must be considered, including the excitation wavelength, the sort of metals used, and the thickness of the metal layer. The modification of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) depending on the thickness of metallic gold was investigated in this study. The reflection spectrum is determined as a function of metal thickness and dielectric medium (air), which is fixed in this case, and measuring the …

Images Enhancement Based On A New Multi-Dimensional Fractal Created By Rectangular Function, Rabab Farhan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Digital image processing is a field that is included in many journals due to its importance and the fact that it facilitates the achievement of many scientific and engineering applications worldwide. This specialization is linked with other disciplines, whether medical, engineering, sports, and others, as it facilitates the completion of applications quickly and efficiently. Researchers have discovered and garnered notice as a promising analytic tool in image processing using the idea of fractal dimension. In this effort, a new Multi-Dimensional Fractal (MDF) in view of the rectangle function was introduced a. As an application, the MDF to improve and enhance …

A Survey On Load Balancing, Routing, And Congestion In Sdn, Amthal Mousa, Mohammed Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

High traffic could result in load imbalance or network congestion, which degrades the network’s performance and efficiency. Thus, it is crucial to adopt efficient routing and load balancing models to face these challenging issues. Additionally, when investigating a new approach, it is essential to consider the most important metrics to evaluate this potential approach precisely. This paper presents an intensive analysis of recently available SDN-based load balancing and routing techniques. Furthermore, the features and issues of each technique are stated. Moreover, the most important metrics that should be evaluated are statically analyzed. Also, a brief survey of available network congestion …

Produced Water Deoxygenation Via Nitrogen Purging Scheme– Parametric Study – Part 2, Salam Al Dawery, Wameath Abdulmajeed, Saada Al Shukaili, Chandramouli Thotireddy, Ibrahim Al Amri

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this following up paper, we present our findings by examining a pilot scale gasification column and applying nitrogen purging for samples of produced water grafted with different polyacrylamide concentrations (100 – 500 ppm). Upon applying a semi-batch, counter-current scheme for a series of experiments on packed gas-lift column, zero ppm level of dissolved oxygen (DO) was reached within less than 1 minute of nitrogen purging from the start time applied for solutions with viscosity less than 10 mPa.s and using the inline measuring scheme. However, zero ppm DO level was not reachable when purging produced water (PW) samples grafted …

Remove Liquid Radioactive Wastes Utilizing Nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration, And Microfiltration Membranes, Alanood Alsarayreh, Taisir Abbas, Saleh Alaswad, Sabad E-Gul, A Bajoga

Engineering and Technology Journal

Radioactive waste is generated from fuel cycle processes in nuclear reactors and nuclear power plants (NPPs) in electrical power production, radioisotope manufacturing in nuclear research centers, and medical, industrial, and agricultural applications. Also, natural chain-linked radioisotopes (NORM) are generated from processing and burning fossil fuels and producing oil and natural gas. Therefore, a planned and integrated radioactive waste management strategy must be adopted to protect human health and the environment from the dangers of this waste through published research on a comprehensive radioactive waste management strategy and the testing and dissemination of several treatment options. The main objective is to …

Recent Development In Hydrodynamic And Heat Transfer Characteristics In The Three-Phase Fluidized-Bed System, Omar Mahdy, Amer Abdulrahmn, Jamal Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

Gas–liquid-solid fluidized beds are broadly utilized in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, refining, food, biotechnology, and environmental industries. Due to complex phenomena, such as the particle-particle, liquid-particle, particle-bubble interactions, complex hydrodynamics, and heat transfer of three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) fluidized beds, they are incompletely understood. The ability to accurately predict the essential characteristics of the fluidized-bed system, such as hydrodynamics, individual phase mixing, and heat transfer parameters, is necessary for its successful design and operation. This paper investigates the pressure drop, minimum fluidization velocity, phase holdup, heat-transfer coefficient of a fluidized bed reactor, heat transfer studies, CFD simulation, and the effect of these parameters …

Hydroisomerization Of N-Heptane In A Fixed-Bed Reactor Using A Synthesized Bimetallic Type-Hy Zeolite Catalyst, Younus Khalaf, Bashir Sherhan, Zaidoon Shakour

Engineering and Technology Journal

The synthesis of NaY-zeolite was performed hydrothermally. The preparation of the bifunctional catalysts was achieved by loading NH4Y-zeolite with a cheap Zr metal, as a second loading metal, with tiny amounts of Pt to compose a Pt-Zr/Y-zeolite catalyst. Different characterization methods (i.e., XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and AFM) were used to investigate the catalyst properties. The catalytic performance was studied by performing the hydroisomerization of n-heptane in a gas phase at a temperature of 275°C and atmospheric pressure in a fixed-bed reactor. The GC-FID results of the products confirmed the positive role of Zr in enhancing the catalytic features, as …

Produced Water Deoxygenation: Investigation Of Nitrogen Purging Scheme– Parametric Study – Part1, Salam Al Dawery, Wameath Abdulmajeed, Saada Al Shukaili, Chandramouli Thotireddy, Ibrahim Al Amri

Engineering and Technology Journal

Produced water (PW) is water that comes out of the well with the crude oil during crude oil production. The quality of produced water varies significantly based on the geochemistry of the producing formation, the type of hydrocarbon produced, and the characteristics of the producing well. A well-known obstacle hindering the re-use of the produced water, in different sectors, is the high content of dissolved oxygen (DO) as it can cause corrosion and polymer degradation. In this study, we report the experimental investigations for de-oxygenating samples of PW collected from Omani oil fields via a gas lift unpacked and packed …

Theory And Modeling Of Slab Waveguide Based Surface Plasmon Resonance, Amnah Hasan, Razi Al-Azawi, Ali Alwahib

Engineering and Technology Journal

The current study proposes a developing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that has been widely employed to detect viruses, such as environmental analytes, biological and chemical analytes, and monitoring and medical diagnostics. Optical waveguides have much potential for developing new chemical and biological sensors. Graphene is the world's most vital substance and can be used to enhance other materials. A composite silver film-based SPR sensor with the waveguide. To enhance the silver film's stability, detect the best thickness with the best resonance using different types of analyte: air than 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and water. The resonance wavelength numerically calculated, loss, …

A Compact High Isolation Four Elements Mimo Antenna System For 5g Mobile Devices, Muhannad Muhsin, Jawad Ali, Ali Salim

Engineering and Technology Journal

A Compact high isolation Multi Input Multi Output Antenna system working on 3.5 GHz (3400 - 3600) MHz is presented for the 5G mobile terminals. Four-antenna elements are employed to construct the proposed MIMO antenna system. These antennas are located over two slim side-edges frame of a mobile device to meet the present trend requirements of slim and full-screen smartphone devices. A modified Hilbert fractal monopole antenna and an I-shaped feeding line construct the antenna element’s front part, while an L-shaped shorted to the system’s ground plane are used to the antenna element’s back part. The overall monopole antenna element’s …

Build And Implement Radiation Control Using Iot In Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (Ptsc), Sarah Bassem, Samer Ismael, Jalal Jalil

Engineering and Technology Journal

Connecting the devices to the internet based on the internet of things IoT increases the capability of monitoring and measuring, and controlling essential variables. In this study, the radiation intensity was controlled via the internet of things IoT for PTSC to study the collector's behavior.  The light control circuit was designed, built, and implemented. The circuit mainly consists of a power supply, Arduino, relay, and potentiometer. Radiation was successfully monitored using a sensor and displayed through a smartphone via Wi-Fi, and the intensity of radiation light controls the PCM status. A data logging system was applied using a micro SD …

The Evaluation Of Time-Dependent Initialization Vector Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm For Image Encryption, Hayder Assafli, Ivan Hashim, Ahmed Naser

Engineering and Technology Journal

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has become an attractive encryption method for its high security and fast implementation. The encryption algorithm is approved as a standard to be used in widely used communication and data processing units However, the advance in technology and the introduction of quantum computers made the encryption scheme vulnerable to attack. Different attack procedures are continuously being developed for attacking end decrypted important and sensitive data. This paper evaluated an enhanced Advanced Encryption System operating in Cipher Block Chaining mode that suggests a promising solution for resisting future attacks. The approach depends on a time-dependent initialization …

A Review Of Control Technique Applied In Shunt Active Power Filter (Sapf), Ayad Hadi, Ekhlas Thjeel, Ali Nahar

Engineering and Technology Journal

In recent years, electronic transformers and electronic devices (nonlinear loads) have increased. These loads are the source of harmonics (non-sinusoidal and distorted waves) and the interactive force that affects the performance of the power system network. Also, it badly affects the power factor and electrical energy on the scales of efficiency and quality. For this reason, a system called “Active Power Filters” has been adopted. It provides an effective alternative to traditional LC passive power filters. It can improve network performance by treating and reducing harmonics, improving power factor and quality, avoiding resonance between the filter and the network, and …

An Enhanced Interface Selectivity Technique To Improve The Qos For The Multi-Homed Node, Haider Oleiwi, Nagham Saeed, Heba Al-Taie, Doaa Mhawi

Engineering and Technology Journal

The user’s handoff is still an arguable issue that many mobile communication systems face, especially with the exploded growth of users and internet-based applications. There is a critical need for adequate quality of service (QoS) to meet the stringent requirements. This paper aims to study the overall performance and feasibility of several QoS mechanisms with the single-homed and multi-homed networks/nodes fluctuating resource availability. It investigates the adaptability of multi-interfaced multi-homed techniques to enhance the essential governing parameters, i.e., throughput, end-to-end latency, processing time, and jitter. Moreover, the paper introduces an interface selectivity technique for the multi-homed node to adopt the …