Digital Commons Network^™

Use Of Telemedicine For Postdischarge Assessment Of The Surgical Wound: International Cohort Study, And Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Nihr Global Health Research Unit On Global Surgery, Globalsurg Collaborative

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether remote wound reviews using telemedicine can be safely upscaled, and if standardized assessment tools are needed.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication of surgery worldwide, and frequently occurs after hospital discharge. Evidence to support implementation of telemedicine during postoperative recovery will be an essential component of pandemic recovery.

METHODS: The primary outcome of this study was SSI reported up to 30 days after surgery (SSI), comparing rates reported using telemedicine (telephone and/or video assessment) to those with in-person review. The first part of this study analyzed primary data from …

User Guide For Urban Canopy Modeling In Wrf. Version 1.0, Corey L. Smithson, Natalie J. White, Hans R. Klomp, Eric C. Monson, Bradley R. Adams

Faculty Publications

Researchers at Brigham Young University (BYU) have developed this guide for running a WRF simulation using a single layer urban canopy model (UCM). This was developed specifically for the Greater Salt Lake Area but is adaptable to other urban areas. This guide includes information on running WRF simulations to study theoretical urban growth scenarios.

Effects Of Different Spectrum Of Leds On Retinal Degeneration Through Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Wenyi Chen, Rong Lin, Kunhong Xiao, Kun Yuan, Zhongjiang Chen, Yan Huang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of full-spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on albino guinea pigs' retina and investigate the roles of short-wavelength opsin (S-opsin) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD).

METHODS: Three-week-old albino guinea pigs (n = 30) were distributed into five groups under 12/12 light/dark cycles with indoor natural light (NC; 300-500 lux, n = 6), full-spectrum LEDs (FL; 300 lux, n = 6; 3000 lux, n = 6), and commercial cold-white LEDs (CL; 300 lux, n = 6; 3000 lux, n = 6) and raised for 28 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron …

Ccr7 Mediated Mimetic Dendritic Cell Vaccine Homing In Lymph Node For Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy, Jiabin Xu, Hong Liu, Tao Wang, Zhenfu Wen, Haolin Chen, Zeyu Yang, Liyan Li, Shan Yu, Siyong Gao, Le Yang, Kan Li, Jingyuan Li, Xiang Li, Lixin Liu, Guiqing Liao, Yongming Chen, Yujie Liang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Immunotherapy has been recognized as one of the most promising treatment strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). As a pioneering trend of immunotherapy, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have displayed the ability to prime an immune response, while the insufficient immunogenicity and low lymph node (LN) targeting efficiency, resulted in an unsubstantiated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. Herein, a hybrid nanovaccine (Hy-M-Exo) is developed via fusing tumor-derived exosome (TEX) and dendritic cell membrane vesicle (DCMV). The hybrid nanovaccine inherited the key protein for lymphatic homing, CCR7, from DCMV and demonstrated an enhanced efficiency of LN targeting. Meanwhile, the …

Evolving Antibiotic Resistance In Group B Streptococci Causing Invasive Infant Disease: 1970–2021, Elizabeth Marie Sabroske, Misu Ailin Sanson Iglesias, Marcia Rench, Trevor Moore, Hanna Harvey, Morven Edwards, Carol J Baker, Anthony R Flores

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: We sought to define the frequency of antibiotic resistance over time in a collection of invasive GBS isolates derived from infant early-onset disease (EOD), late-onset disease (LOD), and late-late onset disease (LLOD).

METHODS: A multicenter retrospective review of infants born from 1970 to 2021 with GBS isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, cellulitis, or bone. All isolates were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using disk diffusion.

RESULTS: The most common serotypes in our 2017 isolates were III (n = 1112, 55.1%), Ia (n = 445, 22%), Ib (n = 182, 9%) and II (n = 146, 7.2%). …

The Tempo And Mode Of Gene Regulatory Programs During Bacterial Infection, Rocio Diaz Escarcega, Abhijeet A Patil, Matthew D Meyer, Jose F Moruno-Manchon, Alexander D Silvagnoli, Louise D Mccullough, Andrey S Tsvetkov

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Tardigrades are microscopic invertebrates, which are capable of withstanding extreme environmental conditions, including high levels of radiation. A Tardigrade protein, Dsup (Damage Suppressor), protects the Tardigrade's DNA during harsh environmental stress and X-rays. When expressed in cancer cells, Dsup protects DNA from single- and double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by radiation, increases survival of irradiated cells, and protects DNA from reactive oxygen species. These unusual properties of Dsup suggested that understanding how the protein functions may help in the design of small molecules that could protect humans during radiotherapy or space travel. Here, we investigated if Dsup is protective in cortical …

Heart And Timi Scores Predict Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis In Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease, Trishna B Parikh, Moez Aziz, Samuel P Mackoff, Gabriel M Aisenberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives History, EKG, age, risk factors, and troponin (HEART) and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk calculators have been validated to predict the risk of subsequent acute coronary syndromes and in some studies, severe coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a concerning clinical history. Their performance in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a population with a high pretest probability for the condition, is unknown. We aimed to determine whether HEART and TIMI scores can predict severe coronary atherosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods A single-center retrospective cohort of admitted patients aged 18 years or older with ESRD …

Impact Of Transfused Citrate On Pathophysiology In Massive Transfusion, Jacob B Schriner, J Michael Van Gent, M Adam Meledeo, Scott D Olson, Bryan A Cotton, Charles S Cox, Brijesh S Gill

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This narrative review article seeks to highlight the effects of citrate on physiology during massive transfusion of the bleeding patient.

DATA SOURCES: A limited library of curated articles was created using search terms including "citrate intoxication," "citrate massive transfusion," "citrate pharmacokinetics," "hypocalcemia of trauma," "citrate phosphate dextrose," and "hypocalcemia in massive transfusion." Review articles, as well as prospective and retrospective studies were selected based on their relevance for inclusion in this review.

STUDY SELECTION: Given the limited number of relevant studies, studies were reviewed and included if they were written in English. This is not a systematic review nor a …

An End-To-End In-Silico And In-Vitro Drug Repurposing Pipeline For Glioblastoma, Ko-Hong Lin, Jay-Jiguang Zhu, Judith A Smith, Yejin Kim, Xiaoqian Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Our study aims to address the challenges in drug development for glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain cancer with poor prognosis. We propose a computational framework that utilizes machine learning-based propensity score matching to estimate counterfactual treatment effects and predict synergistic effects of drug combinations. Through our in-silico analysis, we identified promising drug candidates and drug combinations that warrant further investigation. To validate these computational findings, we conducted in-vitro experiments on two GBM cell lines, U87 and T98G. The experimental results demonstrated that some of the identified drugs and drug combinations indeed exhibit strong suppressive effects on GBM cell growth. Our …

2023 June, Morehead State University. Office Of Communications & Marketing.

Morehead State Press Release Archive, 1961 to the Present

Press releases for June of 2023.

Biopolymer-Based Sustainable Food Packaging Materials: Challenges, Solutions, And Applications, Kalpani Y. Perera, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Biopolymer-based packaging materials have become of greater interest to the world due to their biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility. In recent years, numerous biopolymers—such as starch, chitosan, carrageenan, polylactic acid, etc.—have been investigated for their potential application in food packaging. Reinforcement agents such as nanofillers and active agents improve the properties of the biopolymers, making them suitable for active and intelligent packaging. Some of the packaging materials, e.g., cellulose, starch, polylactic acid, and polybutylene adipate terephthalate, are currently used in the packaging industry. The trend of using biopolymers in the packaging industry has increased immensely; therefore, many legislations have been approved …

Computer Brain Gym: A Rehabilitation Program For Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease, Chih-Kuan Wu, Yin-Chou Lin, Chih-Kuang Chen, Chung-Chih Lin, Alice M.K. Wong

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. This randomized control trial investigated the effects of the newly developed computer brain gym (BG) system on the cognitive function and mental health of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three participants with AD who were exhibiting mild to moderate cognitive impairment were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received computer BG training, whereas Group 2 received conventional occupational therapy (OT). The patients underwent treatment for 12 weeks, with treatment sessions occurring twice per week for 45 minutes per session; additionally, they received assessments at …

A Role For Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 7 In Repetitive And Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Christina H Acosta, Garrett A Clemons, Cristiane T Citadin, William C Carr, Mariana Sayuri Berto Udo, Vesna Tesic, Henry W Sanicola, Anne H Freelin, Jamie B Toms, J Dedrick Jordan, Bharat Guthikonda, Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu, Reggie Hui-Chao Lee, Hung Wen Lin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mild traumatic brain injury affects the largest proportion of individuals in the United States and world-wide. Pre-clinical studies of repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) have been limited in their ability to recapitulate human pathology (i.e. diffuse rotational injury). We used the closed-head impact model of engineered rotation acceleration (CHIMERA) to simulate rotational injury observed in patients and to study the pathological outcomes post-rmTBI using C57BL/6J mice. Enhanced cytokine production was observed in both the cortex and hippocampus to suggest neuroinflammation. Furthermore, microglia were assessed via enhanced iba1 protein levels and morphological changes using immunofluorescence. In addition, LC/MS analyses …

Targeting Glutaminase Is Therapeutically Effective In Ibrutinib-Resistant Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Lingzhi Li, Lei Nie, Alexa Jordan, Qingsong Cai, Yang Liu, Yijing Li, Yuxuan Che, Jovanny Vargas, Zhihong Chen, Angela Leeming, Wei Wang, Yixin Yao, Michael Wang, Vivian Changying Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by frequent relapses. The development of resistance to ibrutinib therapy remains a major challenge in MCL. We previously showed that glutaminolysis is associated with resistance to ibrutinib. In this study, we confirmed that glutaminase (GLS), the first enzyme in glutaminolysis, is overexpressed in ibrutinib-resistant MCL cells, and that its expression correlates well with elevated glutamine dependency and glutaminolysis. Furthermore, we discovered that GLS expression correlates with MYC expression and the functioning of the glutamine transporter ASCT2. Depletion of glutamine or GLS significantly reduced cell growth, while GLS overexpression enhanced …

Adult Female With A Painful And Pruritic Lower Extremity Skin Lesion., Chase Silvers, Christopher Lloyd

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

No abstract provided.

Interdisciplinary Simulation Training Reduces Restraint Use In The Emergency Department: A Pilot Study., Gary Duncan, Brad Gable, Megan Schabbing

Medical Education Articles

Introduction Safe and effective management of agitated patients poses multiple challenges for healthcare professionals. Patients placed in restraints because of agitated behavior are at a higher risk of complications, including death. This intervention was designed to provide emergency department staff a framework for de-escalation, improve teamwork, and reduce the use of violent physical restraints. Methods Emergency medicine nurses, patient support associates, and protective services officers underwent a 90-minute educational intervention in 2017. A 30-minute lecture focusing on communication and early use of medication for agitation was followed by a simulation using standardized participants, then a structured debriefing. A standardized return-on-learning …

Aibp Regulates Trpv1 Activation In Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy By Controlling Lipid Raft Dynamics And Proximity To Tlr4 In Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons, Juliana M Navia-Pelaez, Julia Borges Paes Lemes, Leonardo Gonzalez, Lauriane Delay, Luciano Dos Santos Aggum Capettini, Jenny W Lu, Gilson Gonçalves Dos Santos, Ann M Gregus, Patrick M Dougherty, Tony L Yaksh, Yury I Miller

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nociceptive afferent signaling evoked by inflammation and nerve injury is mediated by the opening of ligand-gated and voltage-gated receptors or channels localized to cholesterol-rich lipid raft membrane domains. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors express high levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which also localize to lipid rafts. Genetic deletion or pharmacologic blocking of TLR4 diminishes pain associated with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). In DRGs of mice with paclitaxel-induced CIPN, we analyzed DRG neuronal lipid rafts, expression of TLR4, activation of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), and TLR4-TRPV1 interaction. Using proximity ligation assay, flow cytometry, and …

Hes1 Marks Peri-Condensation Mesenchymal Cells That Generate Both Chondrocytes And Perichondrial Cells In Early Bone Development, Yuki Matsushita, Hiroaki Manabe, Takahiro Ohyama, Shogo Nakamura, Mizuki Nagata, Wanida Ono, Noriaki Ono

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Bone development starts with condensations of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that set a framework for future bones within the primordium. In the endochondral pathway, mesenchymal cells inside the condensation differentiate into chondrocytes and perichondrial cells in a SOX9-dependent mechanism. However, the identity of mesenchymal cells outside the condensation and how they participate in developing bones remain undefined. Here we show that mesenchymal cells surrounding the condensation contribute to both cartilage and perichondrium, robustly generating chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and marrow stromal cells in developing bones. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of Prrx1-cre-marked limb bud mesenchymal cells at E11.5 reveals that Notch effector Hes1 is …

Circulating Succinate-Modifying Metabolites Accurately Classify And Reflect The Status Of Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma, Liang Zheng, Zi-Ran Zhu, Tal Sneh, Wei-Tuo Zhang, Zao-Yu Wang, Guang-Yu Wu, Wei He, Hong-Gang Qi, Hang Wang, Xiao-Yu Wu, Jonatan Fernández-García, Ifat Abramovich, Yun-Ze Xu, Jin Zhang, Eyal Gottlieb

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Germline or somatic loss-of-function mutations of fumarate hydratase (FH) predispose patients to an aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Since other than tumor resection there is no effective therapy for metastatic FH-deficient RCC, an accurate method for early diagnosis is needed. Although MRI or CT scans are offered, they cannot differentiate FH-deficient tumors from other RCCs. Therefore, finding noninvasive plasma biomarkers suitable for rapid diagnosis, screening, and surveillance would improve clinical outcomes. Taking advantage of the robust metabolic rewiring that occurs in FH-deficient cells, we performed plasma metabolomics analysis and identified 2 tumor-derived metabolites, succinyl-adenosine and succinic-cysteine, as excellent …

Towards Neuromarkers For Tailored Smoking Cessation Treatments, Francesco Versace, Jason D Robinson, Paul M Cinciripini

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Vulnerability to compulsive drug use stems from dysregulated activity within the neural networks that underlie reward and executive functions. Empirical evidence suggests that a) attributing high motivational salience to drug-related stimuli leads to compulsive drug seeking and b) cognitive control deficits lead to compulsive drug taking. Noninvasive neuroimaging techniques enable brain activity monitoring during affective and cognitive processing and are paving the way to precision medicine for substance use disorders. Identifying robust neuromarkers of affective and cognitive dysregulation would allow clinicians to personalize treatments by targeting individual psychophysiological vulnerabilities. However, methodological choices have biased the field toward experimental paradigms that …

Adjuvant Therapy With Oncolytic Adenovirus Delta-24-Rgdox After Intratumoral Adoptive T-Cell Therapy Promotes Antigen Spread To Sustain Systemic Antitumor Immunity, Hong Jiang, Dong Ho Shin, Yanhua Yi, Xuejun Fan, Joy Gumin, Jiasen He, Andrew G Gillard, Frederick F Lang, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Juan Fueyo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer cell heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) pose a challenge in treating solid tumors with adoptive cell therapies targeting limited tumor-associated antigens (TAA), such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. We hypothesize that oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGDOX activates the TME and promote antigen spread to potentiate the abscopal effect of adoptive TAA-targeting T cells in localized intratumoral treatment. Herein, we used C57BL/6 mouse models with disseminated tumors derived from B16 melanoma cell lines to assess therapeutic effects and antitumor immunity. gp100-specific pmel-1 or ovalbumin (OVA)-specific OT-I T cells were injected into the first subcutaneous tumor, followed by three injections of …

​​The Effects Of Viewpoint, Motion, And Affordance Priming On Perceptual Learning Of Feelies​, Catherine Dowell

Dissertations

According to Gibson and Gibson (1955) perceptual learning is a process of developing the skill to differentiate previously undifferentiated but available information. The initial investigations focused on object identification, lacking a behaviorally relevant functional task. In the current study participants learned to differentiate between novel objects (feelies). To test the role of visual exploration objects were viewed from either a side or a top view and were displayed as either static pictures or rotating about a vertical axis. In Experiment 1 a simple object discrimination task was used. Perfect accuracy was achieved sooner in static conditions compared to motion conditions …

Cat Lca-Crx Model, Homozygous For An Antimorphic Mutation Has A Unique Phenotype, Laurence M Occelli, Nicholas M Tran, Shiming Chen, Simon M Petersen-Jones

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Mutations in the CRX transcription factor are associated with dominant retinopathies often with more severe macular changes. The CRX-mutant cat (Rdy-A182d2) is the only animal model with the equivalent of the critical retinal region for high-acuity vision, the macula. Heterozygous cats (CRXRdy/+) have a severe phenotype modeling Leber congenital amaurosis. This study reports the distinct ocular phenotype of homozygous cats (CRXRdy/Rdy).

METHODS: Gene expression changes were assessed at both mRNA and protein levels. Changes in globe morphology and retinal structure were analyzed.

RESULTS: CRXRdy/Rdy cats had high levels of mutant CRX mRNA and protein. The expression of photoreceptor target …

Interleukin-18 Signaling Promotes Activation Of Hepatic Stellate Cells In Mouse Liver Fibrosis, Jana Knorr, Joel D. Schilling, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor-family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation has been shown to result in liver fibrosis. Mechanisms and downstream signaling remain incompletely understood. Here, we studied the role of IL-18 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and its impact on liver fibrosis.

APPROACH AND RESULTS: We observed significantly increased serum levels of IL-18 (128.4 pg/ml vs. 74.9 pg/ml) and IL-18 binding protein (BP; 46.50 ng/ml vs. 15.35 ng/ml) in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with healthy controls. Single cell RNA sequencing data showed that an immunoregulatory subset of murine HSCs highly expresses Il18 and Il18r1 . …

Cortical Adaptation Of The Night Monkey To A Nocturnal Niche Environment: A Comparative Non-Invasive T1w/T2w Myelin Study, Takuro Ikeda, Joonas A Autio, Akihiro Kawasaki, Chiho Takeda, Takayuki Ose, Masahiko Takada, David C Van Essen, Matthew F Glasser, Takuya Hayashi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Night monkeys (Aotus) are the only genus of monkeys within the Simian lineage that successfully occupy a nocturnal environmental niche. Their behavior is supported by their sensory organs' distinctive morphological features; however, little is known about their evolutionary adaptations in sensory regions of the cerebral cortex. Here, we investigate this question by exploring the cortical organization of night monkeys using high-resolution in-vivo brain MRI and comparative cortical-surface T1w/T2w myeloarchitectonic mapping. Our results show that the night monkey cerebral cortex has a qualitatively similar but quantitatively different pattern of cortical myelin compared to the diurnal macaque and marmoset monkeys. T1w/T2w myelin …

The Mitophagy Receptor Bnip3 Is Critical For The Regulation Of Metabolic Homeostasis And Mitochondrial Function In The Nucleus Pulposus Cells Of The Intervertebral Disc, Vedavathi Madhu, Miriam Hernandez-Meadows, Paige K Boneski, Yunping Qiu, Anyonya R Guntur, Irwin J Kurland, Ruteja A Barve, Makarand V Risbud

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The contribution of mitochondria to the metabolic function of hypoxic NP cells has been overlooked. We have shown that NP cells contain networked mitochondria and that mitochondrial translocation of BNIP3 mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy. However, whether BNIP3 also plays a role in governing mitochondrial function and metabolism in hypoxic NP cells is not known. BNIP3 knockdown altered mitochondrial morphology, and number, and increased mitophagy. Interestingly, BNIP3 deficiency in NP cells reduced glycolytic capacity reflected by lower production of lactate/H

An Improved Shallow Water Temperature Model For An Australian Tidal Wetland Environment Using Publicly Available Data, Kerry Staples, Steven Richardson, Peter J. Neville, Jacques Oosthuizen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Larval mosquito development is directly impacted by environmental water temperature. Shallow water less than 1 m deep is a common larval mosquito habitat. Existing mathematical models estimate water temperature using meteorological variables, and they range in complexity. We developed a modification of an existing one-layer heat balance model for estimating hourly water temperature and compared its performance with that of a model that uses only air temperature and water volume as inputs and that uses air temperature itself as an indicator of water temperature. These models were assessed against field measurements from a shallow tidal wetland—a known larval habitat—in southwest …

Drought Stress Responses Of Some Prairie Landscape C4 Grass Species For Xeric Urban Applications, Fatemeh Kazemi, Mansoure Jozay, Farzaneh Salahshoor, Eddie Van Etten, Sahar Rezaie

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Creating xeric landscapes in lawns and prairies is a significant challenge and practical need in arid urban environments. This study examined the drought resistance of some C4 grass species for constructing urban lawns and prairies. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block designs with four replications was conducted. Experimental treatments were two irrigation levels (100% and 50% Field Capacity (FC)) and five warm-season grass species (Andropogon gerardii Vitman, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash, Panicum virgatum L., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, and Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.). The effects of drought on physiological, morphological, and qualitative characteristics of the grass species were …

Environmental Contamination With Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile In Vietnam, Peng A. Khun, Long D. Phi, Huong T. T. Bui, Nguyen T. Bui, Quyen T. H. Vu, Luong D. Trinh, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas V. Riley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence, molecular type, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile in the environment in Vietnam, where little is known about C. difficile. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples of pig faeces, soils from pig farms, potatoes, and the hospital environment were cultured for C. difficile. Isolates were identified and typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping. The overall prevalence of C. difficile contamination was 24.5% (68/278). Clostridioides difficile was detected mainly in soils from pig farms and hospital soils, with 70%-100% prevalence. Clostridioides difficile was isolated from 3.4% of pig faecal samples and 5% of potato surfaces. The four …

Peptidoglycan Recognition In Drosophila Is Mediated By Lysmd3/4, Mark Snee, Jason Wever, Jennifer Guyton, Ryan Beehler-Evans, Christine C Yokoyama, Craig A Micchelli

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Microbial recognition is a key step in regulating the immune signaling pathways of multicellular organisms. Peptidoglycan, a component of the bacterial cell wall, exhibits immune stimulating activity in both plants and animals. Lysin motif domain (LysMD) family proteins are ancient peptidoglycan receptors that function in bacteriophage and plants. This report focuses on defining the role of LysMD-containing proteins in animals. Here, we characterize a novel transmembrane LysMD family protein. Loss-of-function mutations at the lysMD3/4 locus in Drosophila are associated with systemic innate immune activation following challenge, so we refer to this gene as immune active (ima). We show that Ima …