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“I Can’T Learn When I’M Hungry”: Responding To U.S. College Student Basic Needs Insecurity In Pedagogy And Praxis, Jasmine R. Linabary, Rebecca Rodriguez Carey

Feminist Pedagogy

Food insecurity and other basic needs insecurities were pressing concerns for U.S. college students prior to the COVID-19 crisis and are even more so now. These issues disproportionately impact minoritized students, making addressing basic needs an issue of educational equity. As feminist teacher-scholars, we reflect in this essay on what it means to teach in the context of student basic needs insecurities, drawing on our experiences from launching an interdisciplinary initiative dedicated to combatting food insecurity on our campus. In doing so, we seek to catalyze changes within and beyond the classroom to better support students.

A Review Of Undrowned: Black Feminist Lessons From Marine Mammals, Nadia G. Dresscher-Lambertus

Feminist Pedagogy

No abstract provided.

Reviews

Marvels & Tales

The Dragon Daughter and Other Lin Lan Fairy Tales. (edited and translated by Juwen Zhang). Reviewed by Gregory Hesse

The Island of Happiness: Tales of Madame d’Aulnoy. (translated by Jack Zipes, drawings by Natalie Frank). Reviewed by Justin Cosner

The Original Bambi: The Story of a Life in the Forest. (by Felix Salten, translated and introduced by Jack Zipes, illustrated by Alenka Sottler). Reviewed by Francesca Arnavas

The Power of a Tale: Stories from the Israel Folktale Archives. (edited by Haya Bar-Itzhak and Idit Pintel-Ginsberg). Reviewed by Jeana Jorgensen

Tistou: The Boy with the Green Thumbs …

No Country For Old Women: Age, Power, And Beauty In Neil Gaiman’S Fantasies, Michelle Anya Anjirbag

Marvels & Tales

This essay uses Neil Gaiman’s Stardust, The Sleeper and the Spindle, and “Chivalry,” to examine the intersection of age and gender in his fairy-tale appropriations to consider how fantasy can reiterate stereotypical representations of older women. By drawing on the age studies work of Sylvia Henneberg and Susan Pickard to consider ageism as a cross-section to gendered constructions in Gaiman’s works, I make visible how age affects perception and construction of gender, which can lead to the intertwining of age stereotypes and gendered double standards.

From The Editors, Marvels & Tales Editors

Marvels & Tales

Essays in this issue break new ground in their examination of less frequently treated approaches to fairy tales and less frequently analyzed forms that fairy tales can take. Together they boldly analyze the ideological complexities of fairy tales in specific locations, media, and social practices in ways that advance intersectional understandings of these cultural texts.

Effect Of Plant Population And Phosphorus Fertilizer Application On Dry Matter And Seed Yield Of Two Lablab (Lablab Purpureus) Varieties In Botswana, K. C. Kawonga, F. P. Wandera, S. Mangope, P. Mutshewa, B. M. Lefofe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lablab has high potential as a protein source to grazing livestock especially during the dry season in arid Botswana. It produced 8.5t dry matter (DM)/ha and had 14% crude protein with 60% digestibility (APRU, 1988; Aganga, 2003). Lack of agronomic data on lablab production was probably the reason why some farmers in Botswana got yields as low as 300 kg/ha (APRU, 1987). Therefore, a trial of two lablab varieties was conducted to determine the effect of plant population and phosphorus (P) on DM yield.

Economic Methodology For Pasture Grass And Legume Seed Production, D. M. Cino, G. Febles, M. F. Díaz, F. Funes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The importance and complexity of the industrial process of seed production is known. Thus, conditions should be established for achieving and efficiently controlling the activity in order to know production costs, selling prices and to guarantee economic efficiency. The objective of this paper was to evaluate from an economic point of view, seed production of species of tropical grasses and legumes based on a preliminary methodology facilitating the control of the whole activity.

Integration Of Forage Production In Rice-Based Cropping Systems For Mitigating Forage Crisis Of Ruminant Livestock - Studies In Bangladesh, M. A. Akbar, M. S. U. Bhuiyan, M. S. Islam

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Intensive rice cropping in Bangladesh is causing alarming shortages of forage and low ruminant productivity. This is also causing degeneration of soil fertility. Therefore it is imperative to identify some approach to integrate fodder production into rice cropping systems on rural farms. The integration of legume forage may improve soil fertility and soil structure, thus enhancing crop yield and may provide high quality feed for livestock (Haque 1992). Studies were done to investigate the effects of rice/forage integration on forage yield, soil fertility and also on milk yield of cows fed on the grown forages.

Evaluating The Economic And Environmental Sustainability Of Integrated Farming Systems, C. A. Rotz, M. A. Sanderson, M. Wachendorf, F. Taube

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Economic and environmental sustainability has become a major concern for forage-based animal production in Europe, North America and other parts of the world. Development of more sustainable farming systems requires an assimilation of experimental and modelling research. Field research is critical for supporting the development and evaluation of models, and modelling is needed to integrate farm components for predicting the long-term effects and interactions resulting from farm management changes. Experimentally supported simulation provides a tool for evaluating and comparing farming strategies and predicting their effect on the watershed, region and beyond.

Simulation Of Pasture Phase Options For Mixed Livestock And Cropping Enterprises, L. Salmon, A. D. Moore, J. F. Angus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In southern Australia, 50% of grain-producing farms also run beef and/or sheep enterprises. Legume pasture leys are used to replace soil nitrogen and manage crop disease risks. Deep-rooted perennials, predominantly lucerne (Medicago sativa), are replacing annual Trifolium subterraneum-based leys to increase pasture production. They also have the environmental benefits of limiting soil acidity, rising water tables and dryland salinity. After recent droughts depletion of soil water by lucerne has penalised wheat yields. Decision support tools can help farmers evaluate the long-term effects of grazed annual and perennial leys on animal and crop production at the whole farm …

Canavalia Brasiliensis: A Multipurpose Legume For The Sub-Humid Tropics, A. Schmidt, M. Peters, A. Franco, R. Schultze-Kraft

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth. ("Brazilian jackbean") is a weakly perennial, prostrate to twining herbaceous legume with a wide natural distribution in the New World tropics and subtropics. In comparison with C. ensiformis ("jackbean"), research reports on C. brasiliensis are scattered and restricted to studies done in Latin America. The species develops a dense and extensive, deep-reaching root system and subsequently tolerates a 5-6 month dry period. Based on studies that generally were done with only one genotype, it is adapted to a wide range of soils, including very acid, low-fertility soils. Its main use is as green manure, for …

Relative Forage Yield Of Intercropped Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) And Winter Forage Cereals, T. Pereyra, H. Pagliaricci, A. Ohanian

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In tropical regions of the world intercropping is mainly associated with the production of maize for grain, while in temperate areas it is associated with the efficient production of forage. There is increasing interest in the development of cereal - legume intercropping in some temperate regions (reviewed by Mason & Pritchard, 1987). The aim of this study was to compare the relative forage yield of intercropped lucerne and cereal.

The Effectiveness Of Nitrogen Rates On Winter Wheat And White Clover Bi-Cropping Grown For Silage, J. Sowiński

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Whole-crop cereals harvested for silage cover c. 500,000 ha in Europe (Wilkins & Kirilov, 2003). Generally dry matter (DM) yield of small-grain cereals is lower than that of maize. In some investigations, DM yield (of high nutritional value) reached 15 t/ha (Balsdon et al. 1997; Clements et al. 1997). Whole-crop silage produced in a bi-cropping system offers more balanced forage compared to pure cereals and legumes. Nitrogen rates can be decreased with bi-cropping. The aim of this investigation was to compare nitrogen effectiveness using two methods of winter wheat cultivation: direct drilling into stubble and bi-cropping with …

Implications Of The Use Of Grazing Sheep On Kiwi Fruit Orchard, C. H. E. C. Poli, R. C. Gomes, P. Cinel Filho, M. F. Gomes, A. Zborowki, G. Pires, J. L. Rigon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the southern part of Brazil there is an important area of kiwi fruit, mainly cultivated by small farmers. The use of sheep under trees of kiwi fruits could be an interesting alternative for small farmers to reduce their mowing costs, to improve their income and to provide meat for the farmers' family. However there is a lack of information about the damage that the animals could cause to kiwi fruit plants. The objective of this study was to monitor the effect of the use of sheep on a kiwi fruit orchard.

Use Of Novel Spatial Presentations Of Plant Species To Improve Legume Abundance, J. M. Sharp, M. J. Jeger, R. W. Fraser, G. R. Edwards

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The benefits of using white clover (Trifolium repens) in pasture grazed by sheep have been widely recognised. However, clover is considered inadequate and risky as the main source of nitrogen input, since its abundance in the pasture is patchy, low (typically less than 20%) and shows great year-to-year variation. This is thought to be due to the costs of nitrogen fixation, competition with grass, the preference for clover by sheep and patchy dung and urine deposition (Schwinning & Parsons, 1996). One possible solution may be the spatial separation of clover from grass, which would remove inter-specific competition, allowing clover to …

Yield And Nutritive Value Of Heading And Headless Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids In Response To Cutting Frequency, J. K. Lee, H. S. Park, Y. C. Lim, S. Seo, B. H. Paek, J. H. Fike

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Summer annual forages contribute greatly toward solving the problem of roughage supply for cattle in Korea. These forages support high levels of dairy and beef production during hot summer months when the quality and production of perennial herbage decreases due to unfavourable climatic conditions (Olson, 1971). This study investigated the effects of cutting frequency on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of heading versus headless varieties of sorghum x sudangrass hybrid.

Selection Of Forages For The Tropics (Soft) - A Database And Selection Tool For Identifying Forages Adapted To Local Conditions In The Tropics And Subtropics, B. C. Pengelly, B. G. Cook, I. J. Partridge, D. A. Eagles, M. Peters, J. Hanson, S. D. Brown, J. L. Donnelly, B. F. Mullen, R. Schultze-Kraft, A. Franco, R. O'Brien

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rising populations and incomes in developing countries are likely to double demand for livestock products by 2020 (Delgado et al. 1999). This strong demand has potential to improve profitability for farmers but will require improved animal feeding in both semi-intensive crop-livestock and more extensive livestock systems. Forages usually are the most cost-effective option to supply feed demands, particularly for ruminant-, but also for pig- and poultry- production. It is critical to select the most suitable forages for the local system and conditions. Small- and even larger-scale farmers depend heavily on advice from extension and development agencies, and from seed …

Variation Within The Species Macroptilium Atropurpureum Regarding Adaptation To Grazing, Cam K. Mcdonald, R. J. Clements

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The twining legume Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro was released around 1960 (Hutton 1962) and the rust resistant cultivar Aztec was released in 1994 (Bray & Woodroffe 1995). The species showed great potential for pastures in northern Australia and was planted over some 220 Kha in the 1960's and 70's. The species was high yielding and readily eaten by cattle. However, by the early 1980's the species had declined dramatically in grazed pastures. Clements (1989) showed that a major problem with Siratro was the frequency of removal of growing points. This leads to less regrowth after grazing, less seed set and …

Experiences With Establishing Legumes As Part Of A Ley Pasture In A Low-Input Farming System Of The Eastern Amazon, Brazil, S. Hohnwald, B. Rischkowsky, A. P. Camarão, J. A. Rodrigues-Filho, R. Schultze-Kraft, J. M. King

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Eastern Amazon extensive pasture management by smallholders can result in degradation of grassland, leading to unproductive and abandoned agricultural areas (Dias-Filho, 2003). To avoid long and costly restoration of those areas, ley-systems with alternating cropping and pasture phases might offer a promising solution. The inclusion of N-fixing legumes is seen as a suitable method to improve soil fertility during the pasture phase. As mono-cultures seem not to be appropriate, given the phytodiverse climax vegetation in the humid tropics, a combination of various shrub and herbaceous legume species is proposed. Thus, this paper tests a grass-legume mixture to replace …

The Dry Matter Yield And Nutritive Value Of Wet Tolerant Tropical Forage Legumes In Single Cropping Or Mixed Cropping With Gramineous Forage Crops In Drained Paddy Field, Manabu Tobisa, Y. Nakano, K. Okano, Masataka Shimojo, Yasuhisa Masuda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Japan the production of rice has been controlled since the 1970's and some parts of the paddy fields have been laid off for forage production. However, in poorly-drained fields or fields with high ground water table, forage species with high tolerance of wet conditions are required. The tropical forage legumes Aeschynomene americana cv. Glenn (Glenn) and Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. cv. Murray (phasey bean) have a high wet endurance (Bishop et al., 1985; Tobisa et al., 1999) and show high dry matter productivity (Skerman et al., 1988; Tobisa et al., 1999). The objective of this …

Desmanthus: A New Forage Legume To Improve Wool Growth In Tropical Australia, J. H. De A. Rangel, Carlos A. M. Gomide

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In tropical Australia, very short and erratic wet seasons are the critical factors in determining forage growth and animal production (Wheeler & Freer, 1986). Grasses are highly susceptible to low rainfall and animal production in such conditions become strictly seasonal. Improvements in meat and wool production by the introduction of stylo species (Stylosanthes sp.) into natural grasslands have been intensively reported (Gillard & Winter, 1984). However, there are currently no suitable introduced legumes for the c.28 million ha of Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) plains in heavy clay soils of western North Queensland, grazed predominately by wool producing Merino …

Recent Advances In Stylosanthes Research In Tropical America, Bela Grof, Celso D. Fernandes, Jaqueline R. Verzignassi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The potential of neotropical savannas is very large for pasture-based livestock systems. There are 250 million ha of well-drained lowland savannas in the American tropics. Over 200 million ha are situated in the Cerrados region of Brazil. The Cerrados support 42% of the national herd. Although these ranges support large populations of livestock, productivity is generally low. Poor nutritive value of native pastures and monospecific swards of Brachiaria spp. is the principal cause of this low productivity, especially in the dry season when these grasslands often provide no more than 60% of the animal's maintenance requirements. The best option to …

Leucaena Production In Arid Botswana, F. P. Wandera, M. Karachi, S. Mangope, B. M. Lefofe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The value of browse species as a source of nitrogen for grazing animals is restricted to wet seasons, with protein deficiencies being experienced by September (in dry winter season) in Southern Africa (Moleele 1998). This is when highly productive planted browse species would become useful to supplement the protein diet requirement of grazing animals (Morris & Du Toit 1998). Further, browse species can provide partly for protein requirement of intensive production systems, such as in feedlots and dairies. This paper reports work on the introduction and screening of Leucaena for Botswana conditions.

Effect Of Type Of Tree Leaves On Intake, Nutrient Utilisation And Rumen Fermentation Pattern In Goat Fed With Cenchrus Ciliaris Grass, S. Singh, S. S. Kandu, L. K. Karnani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasses and tree leaves/shrubs are the major feeds available from grasslands and grazing fields. There is though a dearth of information on the nutritional value of tree foliage although available information was collated by Shelton et al. (1995). This study evaluated the relative nutritive value of two foliages for goats.

Ensiling Characteristics And Nutritive Value Of Browse/Maize Forage Mixtures, F. B. Bareeba, H. Kato, Elly N. Sabiiti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The practice of growing fodder tree and shrubs is being advocated for and adopted in smallholder dairy production systems. In Uganda, Calliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium, and Leucaena leucocephala have been identified and recommended as the most suitable species (Sabiiti, 2001). However tree foliage contains toxic compounds (Lowry, 1990), which may be alleviated by ensiling. The objective of the experiment was to study the ensiling characteristics of browse/ maize forage mixtures and their nutritive value when fed to lactating dairy cows.

The Effect Of Fermentation Of Calliandra Calothyrsus, Gliricidia Sepium, Leucaena Leucocephala And Maize Forage On Rumen Degradation And Microbial Protein Synthesis, H. Kato, F. B. Bareeba, Elly N. Sabiiti, C. Ebong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ensiling as a means of storing green fodder by acidification has a profound effect on the chemical composition of the resultant silage. Ensiling could therefore, ameliorate the effects of anti-nutritional factors associated with browses. The objective of the experiment was to determine fermentation characteristics and rumen degradation (D) of ensiled Calliandra calothyrsus (C), Gliricidia sepium (G), Leucaena leucocephala (L) and maize forage.

Persistence Of Tall Fescue And Cattle Grazing Preference As Affected By Endophyte Status, D. J. Lang, S. P. Wang, A. Tokilita, R. Given, M. Salem, R. Elmore

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Endophyte-infected (E+) grasses often exhibit increased survival, growth and resistance to herbivory compared to uninfected counterparts. Latch (1997) proposed a strategy for cultivar improvement of infecting elite cultivars with strains of Neotyphodium coenophialum that are non-toxic to livestock, but still able to convey the persistence advantage shown with wild-type, toxic endophyte. The strategy of re-infecting tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) cultivars with naturally occurring, non-ergot-producing endophytes appears promising for removing animal toxicity symptoms and retaining agronomic performance (Bouton et al., 2002; Hill et al., 2002). The objective of this study was to compare the effect of …

Performance Of Animals Grazing Various Tall Fescue / Endophyte Combinations, Andrew A. Hopkins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infection can improve tall fescue persistence (Read & Camp, 1986), but animals grazing wild type tall fescue often suffer from reduced performance and poor health (Hoveland et al., 1983). Novel endophytes do not produce the alkaloids implicated in animal toxicity and can help maintain stand longevity while minimizing animal health problems (Bouton et al., 2002). The objectives of this research were to compare productivity and health of animals grazing various tall fescue / endophyte combinations, and the persistence of these combinations under grazing in the Southern Plains of the USA.

Recovery Of Yearling Calves From Fescue Toxicosis, G. E. Aiken, M. L. Looper, S. F. Tabler, J. R. Strickland

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire) is widely utilized for grazing in the transition zone between the temperate and subtropical regions of the eastern U.S.A. Cattle grazing tall fescue frequently exhibit fescue toxicosis, a malady caused by consumption of toxins produced by the endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum. Symptoms of fescue toxicosis include retention of rough hair coat, increased body temperature and laboured respiration. Heat stress may be severe at onset of high ambient temperature and humidity. Transporting cattle exhibiting toxicosis can therefore be difficult because combined stresses of the toxicosis and transporting often result in high mortality. An experiment …

Reduce Tall Fescue Toxicosis In Festuca Arundinacea Forage Systems With Legumes, J. C. Waller, A. E. Fisher, H. A. Fribourg, C. J. Richards

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum = Festuca arundinacea) is an important cool-season grass because of persistence and spring and autumn productivity. Most existing tall fescue pastures in Tennessee are Kentucky-31 (KY-31) and are infested with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum that causes tall fescue toxicosis. Symptoms in beef cattle include reduced rates of gain, poor conception rates, decreased dry matter intake, a long rough haircoat in summer, and very low serum prolactin. Earlier studies indicated that the performance of cattle grazing endophyte-free (EF) tall fescue is superior to that of cattle grazing endophyte-infected (EI) tall fescue (Fribourg et al …