Digital Commons Network^™

Pfra Community Pastures- The Canadian Communal Grazing Experience And Multiple Values Of Public Grasslands, H R. Cook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) Community Pastures origins are rooted in a climate catastrophe response that assembled initial areas of overgrazed native range and severely eroded cereal cropland in the Palliser Triangle into community pastures as a public conservation mechanism. Today this conservation system has grown to encompass 929,000 hectares in total that serve a multiple set of area objectives with important social, economic and ecological benefits. Management of these pastures has expanded considerably, necessitating close cooperation between local livestock producers, government agency staff and other users of the resource. Over the last half century a unique communal grazing …

Degradability And Fermentescibility According To Fiber Content In Low Quality Forages, A Dieng, A Buldgen, Ph Lecomte, K G. Toussaint

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nylon bag technique and the gas-test method were compared with 6 different roughages representing a wide range of fiber contents in samples collected in the Senegalese Groundnut Basin. The results showed high correlation coefficients and low residual standard errors between the chemical composition of the roughages (mainly the acid detergent fiber fraction) and their degradability or fermentescibility. Reliable relationships between the two methods were also identified.

The Effects Of Two Levels Of Concentrates Supplying The Same Amount Of Protein On Silage Intake And Milk Production In Cows Given Two Grass Silages, H Khalili, P Huhtanen, K Rinne, M Suvitie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of two levels of concentrate (5 and 10 kg) supplying the same amount of protein on feed intake, milk production and rumen fermentation in cows given two different grass silages. The silages were ensiled either with a formic acid based additive (F) or with a mixture of acids and lignosulphonates (L). Fermentation quality and digestibility were better in F silage than in L silage. There were no significant differences between the silages in feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. Feeding F silage increased rumen ammonia concentration and molar proportion …

Nutritive Value Of Guineagrass Cultivars In The Winter As Influenced By Nitrogen Fertilization, N.F G. Rethman, W.A J. Steenekamp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The monitoring of yield, structure and nutritive value of four Panicum maximum (Guineagrass) cultivars, utilized as standing hay in the winter, yielded valuable data on the relative importance of nitrogen fertilization and cultivar. While nitrogen had a strong influence on yield and crude protein content it was the differences between cultivars, with respect to soil adaptation and structure, which played a dominant role. It is recommended that future research place particular emphasis on the adaptation of cultivars and genotype differences in structure.

Chromolaena Odorata: A Multipurpose Shrub, S O. Apori

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chromolaena odorata plant has been classified as a weed. A survey in farming communities in Ghana indicated that the plant is used to reduce fallowing period; improve soil fertility, as medicinal plant; as insect and rodent repellent for temporal storage of maize; and preservation of corpse for about 48 hours in rural Ghana. Studies on foliage of Chromolaena odorata regrowth at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks showed that the leaves had crude protein content above 19%, average leaf to stem ratio of 2.1:1, and stem to leaf protein concentration ratio of 0.49. In-sacco degradability rate of dry matter, …

X-Ray Stereoscopic Radiographs Of Macropore Structures Formed By The Roots In Grassland Soils, K Sato, T Moroizumi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to examine the morphology of macropores with respect to drainage and water-retention in the root zones under grassland soils. Soil samples were taken in Japan, the U.K. and China. The structures of macropores were studied threedimensionally by examining the macropore morphology using Xrays and contrast media. The pore morphology studied in grassland soils indicate that the shapes of most macropores in drainage and water-retention pores were formed by roots. The pores formed by grass roots were found to play an important part in the macropore forms found in grassland soils.

Effects Of Forage Cover On Run-Off And Soil Losses In Different Productive Systems In Central Italy, A Pardini, G Argenti, G Pazzi, S Piemontese, P Talamucci

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A trial has been carried out for four years, in a hilly area of Central Italy, on five covers concerning three different productive systems: traditional system based on the rotation of Medicago sativa and barley; low input system based on permanent association of grasses and legumes; annual self-reseeding legumes used as cover crop in vineyard. The pasture had the higher run-off but also the lower soil erosion thanks to the high number of plants per square metre which were able to hold the soil particles. The inherbment of the vineyard prevented greater soil erosion commonly known in cultivated grooves.

Bio-Diversity Conservation And Natural Resource Regeneration Through Watershed Development At Jhansi, C R. Hazra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seven microwatersheds with an area of 5395 ha located at Kharaiya Nala Watershed (Jhansi) were fully treated with appropriate soil and water conservation measures. Barren village common lands consisting of 665 ha on ridges were fully rehabilitated through silvipasture. Treatment on watershed basis had a great impact in containing soil and run off water losses and improving agriculture and animal production. Development of common lands through soil and water conservation helped with faster ecological succession of grasses and regeneration of rootstocks resulted in bio-diversity conservation. Increased land and biomass productivity reflected on the socio-economic gains of the farmers including landless …

Black Locust Effects On Forage Yield And Nutritive Quality Produced On Reclaimed Mined Land, D C. Ditsch, M Collins, J H. Grove

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a rapidly growing, leguminous tree species often used to stabilize disturbed sites. The objectives of this study were to measure the effect of black locust populations on understory forage production and livestock nutritive quality on reclaimed surface mined land. In two out of three years, forage dry matter yields harvested under a population of 1368 trees ha-1 were not different than the clear cut treatment (all trees removed). Forage dry matter production was significantly reduced at populations of 2736 and 4145 trees ha-1 due to slow and limited regrowth following harvest. Forage nutritive …

New Approaches For Rehabilitating And Developing Fodder Production From Acid Mountain Soils In Nepal To Alleviate Poverty And Restore The Environment, D Pariyar, P Van Der Grinten

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The approach for the re-integration of degraded areas in the farming system demands methods that are simple, affordable and sustainable. Under the Hills Leasehold Forestry and Forage Development Project (HLFFDP) technologies were trialed for the establishment of pasture legume and nitrogen fixing trees on degraded leased sites. Agrisilvipastoralism (ASP) applied using minimum or zero tillage has considerable untapped potential for simultaneously alleviating poverty and restoring the environment in Nepal. Preliminary results presented here indicate that with the introduction of suitable improved forage species under the application of simple establishment techniques, degraded lands have the potential to produce considerable amounts of …

Coquia: An Operation For Forage Production, Manual Anaya-Garduno

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to show the potential of Coquia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad var. esmeralda) as a good ooption for forage production in arid and semiarid zones of Mexico. This plant is drought resistant and it grows well in eroded soils. It can be a good complement in the ration of different animal species (bovines, ovines, caprines, rabbits and equines).

Role Of Pasturage Grass Roots For Soil Conservation- Soil Particle Holding Function With Pasturage Grass Roots, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Toshihiro Sugiura

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With the latest advance of large-scale grassland establishment, grassland agriculture requires not only a high productivity of good quality forages for livestock but also effective of soil conservation. We must obviously study the physical effects of pasture cropping on the grassland soils. In this paper, we deal with the soil holding function of pasturage grass-roots as a part of studies on roots and grassland soil.

The results obtained are as follows : 1) Soil compact strength of perennial roots shows a high value. For example, in perennial roots of Tall fescue (F.arundenacea), its value is 70kg or more per one …

Management Of Acidifying Legume Based Pastures For Sustainable Production In Southern Australia, A M. Ridley, R E. White, R J. Simpson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A field experiment was used to determine nitrate leaching losses under perennial (Phalaris aquatica and Dactylis glomerata) and annual (Lolium rigidum) grass pastures under control and high N treatments. Previously published results and assumptions were made to extrapolate results to typical grazed pastures, and best bet practices to manage soil acidification were suggested. Nitrate leaching losses of approximately 14 and 28 kg N/ha/year were estimated for grazed perennial and annual pastures (equating to soil acid addition of 1 and 2 kmol H+/ha/year). Other sources of acid addition known to occur in this environment accounted for a …

Rhizobial And Nutritional Responses Of Desmanthus Clay Soils Of Queensland, N J. Brandon, R A. Date, R M. Jones, R L. Clem, G A. Bahnisch, P R. Spies, A Becerra, B A. Robertson, T.W G. Graham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of these studies was to determine the reasons for chlorosis of desmanthus observed at some sites in southeast Queensland. Inoculation with Rhizobium increased growth of desmanthus in 2 of 4 soils in the field and 4 of 8 soils in pots. Greatest responses occurred in soils with few or no effective native Rhizobium. Most soils however, contained native strains that were effective. Omission of sulphur significantly reduced dry weight of desmanthus grown in pots in 5 of 7 soils by 30-51% relative to plants supplied with all nutrients. Omission of P and Mo resulted in similar yield reductions …

Biological Nitrogen Fixation In A Grass-Clover Pasture Grazed By Dairy Cows, F P. Vinther, K Søegaard, O Aaes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to estimate the annual input of nitrogen through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) to a grass-clover pasture (Lolium perenne L. - Trifolium repens L.) grazed by dairy cows. The input was estimated by combining measurements of BNF in non-grazed plots, BNF in urine affected plots and estimates of the proportion of the pasture affected by urine. Total BNF in non-grazed plot was 75 and 256 kg N ha-1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Urine affected BNF both by decreasing the proportion of clover and by decreasing the proportion of N derived from the atmosphere. The …

Phosphorus Requirements In Legumes: Calibration Of A Rapid And Simple Tissue Test, A Moron

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this research was to adjust and calibrate a phosphorus (P) tissue test to diagnose in a simple and rapid manner the nutritional status of commonly used legumes in Uruguay. Field experiments conducted during 1993-94 with four legumes, showed a significant yield response to increasing P fertilizer rates. A colorimetric sap analysis was used to determine P status in legumes. A strong relationship was found between P sap analysis and relative yields. A critical level of 90-100 μg P/ml in sap to attain 90% of the maximum yield was obtained.

Effect Of Nitrogen And Potash Fertilization On Dry Matter Yield And Mineral Composition Of Pangolagrass, J B. Andrade, C L. Justo, J.L. V. Coutinho, R M. Peres, E Ferrari Junior, V T. Paulino, W Henrique, J C. Werner, H B. Mattos

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of nitrogen and potash fertilizations on dry matter and protein yields and chemical composition of pangolagrass (D. decumbens Stent.) was studied in a randomized block design with four replications using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Nitrogen and potash were applied after each cut as an equivalent to 3 and 2% of dry matter (65°C) yield, respectively. There were great increases in dry matter and protein yields when nitrogen alone or combined with potash was used. Potash fertilization alone had no effect on the variables described above. Nitrogen fertilization improved forage pangolagrass composition, being particularly effective on crude …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization Upon Spring Growth In Thinopyrum Poticum In Alkaline Soils. Argentina, R Fernandez Grecco, A Sciotti, A Mazzanti, H Echeverria

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Wheatgrass is a perennial forage grass adapted to low fertility alkaline soils in the Flooding pampa. It has an annual forage growth cycle characterised by a high spring-summer concentration and low values in winter. The objective of this study was to assess that it is possible to anticipate and increase forage growth and DM production of wheatgrass pastures applying nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out at the Balcarce Experimental Station from 28/08/95 to 04/12/95. Using a completely randomized block design the effects of 6 levels of N: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg Nha-1, added as NO3 …

Impact Of Extensive Management On Demography Of One Invasive Species Of Permanent Grasslands, D Magda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study is to show the effect of extensive practices on the population dynamics of a grassland species (Chaerophyllum aureum) in order to control invasion process. Fertilisation intensity (none or 45g/m2), number (none, one or two) and date of cutting (before or after seed maturity) have been experienced on permanent plots in fields to follow consequences on demography of adults and seedlings. Adult density is regulated through cutting effect and intraspecific competition process. Reduction of competition by cutting leads to a paradoxal highest adult survival rate in on cut treatment compared with abandoned invaded fields. …

Influence Of Drying Method And Temperature On Ruminal Degradable Protein Of Switchgrass, D E. Farnham, K J. Moore, J R. George

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritional value of herbage protein fed to ruminant livestock can be influenced greatly by the extent to which it is degraded in the rumen. This study was conducted to determine if drying method and temperature alters measurements of in situ ruminal escape protein (EP) of switchgrass herbage. Switchgrass harvested at the pre-heading stage was either air dried, freeze dried, or oven dried at 38, 49, 60, or 710 C. Samples from each of the six drying treatments were digested in situ in Dacron bags for 4, 8, 12, or 16 h. Drying treatment had a significant impact on EP …

Development Of Natural Horse Pastures In Finland In The 1900s, H Jansson, K H. Jansson, A Olin, T Talikka, J Pykala

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of the study was to assess the importance of natural pastures as a growing environment for horses and, at the same time, to evaluate the landscape value of such pastures. Another aim was to look at possible ways of conserving areas which have been in use as horse pastures for a long period of time as traditional biotopes belonging to the Finnish horse grazing culture, and to examine how their management and care could be improved.

Extensification Of Sheep Grazing Systems: Effects On Soil Nutrients, Species Composition And Animal Production, C A. Marriott, I J. Gordon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of ceasing fertiliser inputs to perennial ryegrass/white clover swards, combined with patterns of seasonal grazing, on soil nutrient status, floristic composition and animal production (ewes and single lambs) were studied in a long-term experiment at three upland sites in Scotland. Four unfertilised treatments had a factorial combination of seasonal grazing in summer and autumn at two sward heights (4 and 8 cm). There was also an ungrazed, unfertilised control and a fertilised treatment (140 kg N/ha plus maintenance P and K), grazed at 4 cm sward height in both seasons. All treatments were imposed annually from 1990/91. By …

Beyond Ukraine, Dwight "Buzz" Phillips

Joint Force Quarterly

This book is a collection of essays by leading defense theorists, exploring warfare's future due to recent conflicts and technological advancements. The book is divided into four topics: the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war, future war landscapes, military innovation, and the nature of future conflicts. Authors tackle questions about war’s nature and the evolving character of warfare. This highlights the necessity of broad, interdisciplinary thinking to grasp the complex and changing nature of war.

A Mixture Of Prebiotics, Essential Oil Blends, And Onion Peel Did Not Affect Greenhouse Gas Emissions Or Nutrient Degradability, But Altered Volatile Fatty Acids Production In Dairy Cows Using Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec), Joel O. Alabi, Michael Wuaku, Chika C. Anotaenwere, Deborah O. Okedoyin, Oludotun O. Adelusi, Kelechi A. Ike, Deandrea Gray, Ahmed E. Kholif, Kiran Subedi, Uchenna Y. Anele

Graduate Student Publications

This study evaluated the synergistic effects of prebiotics containing galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and/or mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), essential oil blend (EOB), and onion peel (OPE) on fermentation characteristics using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. Three rumencannulated, non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows were the inoculum donors. The substrate used for the study was a total mixed ration (TMR), which consisted of corn silage, alfalfa hay, and concentrate at 6:2:2, respectively. Sixteen fermentation vessels were randomly allotted to four treatments with four replicates each over a 9-day period in a completely randomized design. The treatments assessed include: control [TMR only], GEO [TMR + GOS …

Potent And Selective Small Molecule Mcl-1 Inhibitor Demonstrates Anti-Myeloma Activity And Overcomes Chemotherapy Resistance, Omar Sami Faleh Al-Odat

Theses and Dissertations

Despite a record number of clinical studies investigating various anti-myeloma treatments, the 5-year survival rate for multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the US is only 55%, and nearly all patients relapse. Poor patient outcomes demonstrate that myeloma cells are "born to survive” which means they can adapt and evolve following treatment. Thus, new therapeutic approaches to combat survival mechanisms and target treatment resistance are required. Importantly, Mcl-1, anti-apoptotic protein, is required for the development of MM and treatment resistance. This study looks at the possibility of KS18, a selective Mcl-1 inhibitor, to treat MM and overcome resistance. Our investigation demonstrates …

Local And Distal Projections Of Vta Gaba Neurons, Trinity M. Pirrone

Neuroscience Honors Projects

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the abuse of drugs, compulsive drug seeking, and addiction. Addiction is facilitated by social, environmental, genetic, and neurobiological mechanisms. The underlying neural circuitry of addiction encompasses several brain regions, circuits, and cell types contributing to the reward system both collectively and independently. Evidence has shown that the ventral tegmental area of the brain is a control center of reward, an important mechanism for drug-seeking in addiction. Previous research has described the ventral tegmental area as a highly heterogeneous region containing various cell types serving different roles. GABAergic neurons of the …

Ronald Madero V. Christine Luffey

2024 Decisions

USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

Epigenetic Regulation Of Skeletal Development, Austin Bell-Hensley

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Treatment of disorders that disrupt homeostasis of skeletal tissues, such as osteoarthritis, and developmental skeletal diseases, such as overgrowth syndromes, requires a precise understanding of skeletal development. Osteoarthritis is a whole joint disorder that can be caused by articular cartilage defects that illicit an inflammatory immune response. Articular cartilage does not have intrinsic processes for repair or regeneration, so it is necessary to develop tissue constructs to repair the native tissue. Since articular cartilage is not capable of repair, it is difficult to engraft cartilage tissue constructs. As such, it is necessary to develop a layered osteochondral construct that can …

Cattle Toxicity From Woolly Locoweed (Astragalus Mollissimus): A Case Study In Central New Mexico, Casey N. Spackman, Clint A. Stonecipher, Daniel Cook

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

Livestock toxicity resulting from poisonous plants poses a significant challenge for ranchers, particularly concerning locoweeds (Astragalus spp. or Oxytropis spp.). This study investigated a case of cattle poisoning in central New Mexico, where clinical signs were consistent with locoweed toxicity. Rangeland conditions were hot and dry following earlier spring rains, promoting advantageous environmental conditions for a locoweed outbreak. Analysis of Woolly locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus) and animal samples from the ranch confirmed the presence of swainsonine, a key toxin in locoweeds. It can be concluded that the likely cause of cattle losses was locoweed toxicity, highlighting the …

Integration Of Machine Learning In Structural Health Monitoring For Damage Identification And Response Prediction In Bridges, Naga Lakshmi Chittitalli Ravuri

Theses and Dissertations

Machine learning-based structural health monitoring (ML-SHM) plays a pivotal role in enhancing structural resilience. By recognizing potential hazards, implementing resistance measures, facilitating swift recovery, and continuously monitoring structural health, ML-SHM ensures proactive maintenance and minimizes recovery delays post-events. Leveraging machine learning algorithms and sensor data, ML-SHM enables early detection of anomalies, prediction of failures, and adaptive responses, enhancing the structure's ability to withstand and recover from adverse conditions. This integrated approach not only improves the structure's performance and adaptability but also contributes to overall safety and longevity. This thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques for …