Digital Commons Network^™

State Schooling Policies And Cognitive Performance Trajectories: A Natural Experiment In A National Us Cohort Of Black And White Adults, Min Hee Kim, Sze Yan Liu, Willa D. Brenowitz, Audrey R. Murchland, Thu T. Nguyen, Jennifer J. Manly, Virginia J. Howard, Marilyn D. Thomas, Tanisha Hill-Jarrett, Michael Crowe, Charles F. Murchison, M. Maria Glymour

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Education is strongly associated with cognitive outcomes at older ages, yet the extent to which these associations reflect causal effects remains uncertain due to potential confounding. Methods: Leveraging changes in historical measures of state-level education policies as natural experiments, we estimated the effects of educational attainment on cognitive performance over 10 years in 20,248 non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White participants, aged 45+ in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke cohort (2003-2020) by (1) using state- and year-specific compulsory schooling laws, school-term length, attendance rate, and student-teacher ratio policies to predict educational attainment for US Census microsample …

Affordance-Based Information Technology Sensemaking [Abits], Arvin Mesgari, Chitu Okoli, Ana Ortiz De Guinea

Information Systems and Business Analytics Faculty Works

Information Technology (IT) use gives rise to a wide variety of outcomes. This stems in part from the divergent ways in which individuals understand technology. While the sensemaking literature unveils how meaning is attached to organizational phenomena via cognitive and social processes, it overlooks the discovery dimension of making sense, that is detecting the role of the IT artifact in bringing about outcomes. In other words, there is a need to explain how the IT artifact contributes to technology sensemaking and its outcomes. This paper presents a framework that enables scholars to analyze the IT artifact’s role in technology sensemaking …

Targeting Rna Polymerase I In Ewing Sarcoma Treatment, Alexis Bruce, Gavin Anchondo, Rebekah Carter, Sergio Guerrero Pacheco, Hema Sri Kambala, Elizabeth Cortez, Kyra Parker, Le Su

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a high-grade bone and soft tissue tumor in adolescents and young adults. Cytotoxic chemotherapy does not improve prognosis, especially for advanced ES patients who have a 5-year survival of 30% or less [1, 2]. Molecular targeted therapy emerges as a promising strategy to battle ES, given its unique driver mutations resulting from the fusion of the EWS and one of the ETS genes, but the feasibility of directly blocking EWS-ETS function has not yet been established [3]. To search for new therapeutic targets, we began with an analysis of the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) datasets that …

A Judiciary Without Trust?, Brandon J. Johnson

Nebraska Law Review

Public hand wringing over waning faith in the Supreme Court, this Essay contends, mistakes symptom for cause. The real crisis is not distrust but the Court’s persistent failure to earn trust in the first place. Trust is a feeling; trustworthiness is a record. This Essay adopts a common understanding of trustworthiness that evaluates the demonstrated ability of the trusted party to protect the vulnerable trusting parties, and analyzes the Court’s trustworthiness against that yardstick. From Dred Scott, Plessy, and Korematsu to modern “shadow docket” interventions and undisclosed donor funded travel, the Court has too often shown itself untrustworthy …

Reversible Degradation Of Peptidoglycan By Lytic Transglycosylases, Aaron Devereaux

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a burden on the global healthcare system with an estimated cost of billions of dollars and millions of deaths each year. Recently, there has been little to no development on new antibiotics to treat bacterial infection, and any that are developed become resisted to within a few years. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contain a mesh-like layer called peptidoglycan (PG) that surrounds their cells providing strength, cell shape, and protection from their environments. This layer is a polymer of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) connected via a b-1,4-glycosidic bond, with each strand being cross-linked …

After Identity: Reverse Discrimination, Anti-Essentialism, And The Future Of Title Vii, Maayan Sudai, Lihi Yona

SMU Law Review

This Article argues that the Supreme Court’s unanimous decision in Ames v. Ohio Department of Youth Services marks a turning point in Title VII’s long-standing struggle with identity. By striking down the “background circumstances” rule, a doctrine that required majority-group plaintiffs to meet a heightened evidentiary burden, the Court appeared at first glance to reaffirm its steady march toward strict anticlassification. We offer a different reading. We contend that Ames gestures toward a third, overlooked normative framework within antidiscrimination law: anti-essentialism. This framework, rooted in feminist, critical race, and queer theory, rejects both the rigidity of anticlassification and the categorical …

Airplane!: Does The Federal Aviation Act Preempt State Law Design Defect Claims?, Max Birmingham

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

Which level of government—state or federal—has jurisdiction to set safety standards for aviation defect design is a nuanced issue. Generally speaking, federal law preempts state law in this context by occupying the field through a regulatory scheme that permeates aviation safety. The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (FAAct) confers its namesake agency—the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)—the powers to prescribe the “minimum standards required in the interest of safety.” The word “minimum” has been seized upon by those on the state side of the debate to advocate that it means the floor. And they contend that those in the Union have …

The Application Of 4e Cognition To Counseling And The Intersectional Experiences Of Black Individuals With Disabilities, A. Albright, Clarence K. Bumpas, Jeff Moe

Counseling & Human Services Faculty Publications

Black Americans with disabilities experience a range of inequities including barriers to access, social stigmatization, and health outcomes that are greater than both their White and their nondisabled peers. This conceptual article explains in detail these inequities. The authors provide an overview of the existing models of disability used in counseling, healthcare, research, and educational settings, as well as a rationale for why they are limited. The authors then suggest a 4E cognitive framework rooted in cognitive sciences, philosophy of mind, and neuroscience. The authors explain why a 4E cognitive framework may be better suited than existing models to conceptualize …

Role Of Environmental Attitudes And Demographic Factors In Predicting Quality Of Life: The Mediating Role Of Environmental Awareness, Wan Jamaluddin Z, Nanang Supriadi, Suherman Suherman

Health Professions Education

Purpose. The aim of this study was to explore the role of environmental awareness as a mediator in the connections between environmental attitudes, demographic factors, and quality of life.

Method. A total of 397 students in higher education had an average age of 19.1+1.06 years participated in this study. Structural equation modelling was applied for data analysis, revealing satisfactory construct validity and instrument reliability.

Results. The finding highlighted a both environmental attitudes and awareness has positive association with quality of life, while demographic factors were anticipated to positively relate to it. Interestingly, environmental awareness acted as a mediator between demographic …

Acceptability, Facilitators And Barriers To Video-Based Learning At A Community Health Officers’ Training School In Nigeria, Mobolanle Balogun, Babatunde Akodu, Tope Olubodun, Victoria Yesufu, Anirejuoritse Chima-Oduko, Olabisi Oderinu, Diane Shoemaker

Health Professions Education

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the acceptability, facilitators and barriers to video-based learning (VBL) among community health officers (CHOs)-in-training and tutors in a Nigerian school, prior to the introduction of a video-based curriculum.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods cross-sectional study conducted among CHOs and tutors at the CHO training school of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). A survey assessed students’ acceptability of VBL using an adapted framework that integrated Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Technology Acceptance Model. Six key informant interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted among tutors and students respectively. Quantitative data was analysed …

Humans Vs. Llms On Open Domain Scientific Claim Verification: A Baseline Study, Benjamin Curtis, Stefania Dzhaman, Matthew Maisonave, Jian Wu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Verifying scientific claims is challenging for the general public because most people lack domain knowledge. Manual verification by subject domain experts is accurate, but it is obviously not scalable to meet the rising number of scientific claims on the Web. Whether the emerging large language models and large reasoning models can be used for scientific claim verification, and how their performances compare to humans, are still research questions. To this end, we developed a new benchmark MSVEC2 that consists of 138 claims from credible fact verification websites and science news outlets. Two tasks were given to both human and LLM …

Characterizing Language Use In Online Accessibility Discussion Forums, Nithiya Venkatraman, Anand Ravi Aiyer, Yash Prakash, Sampath Jayarathna, Hae-Na Lee, Vikas Ashok

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Discussion forums are one of the favored platforms for knowledge sharing. Given their popularity, copious research exists on understanding the linguistic and behavioral characteristics of forum conversations, so as to inform the design of many downstream applications including discourse visualization, sentiment analysis, and question answering. However, prior investigations have mainly focused on general forums designed primarily for sighted users, and as such the applicability of their findings to dedicated accessibility discussion forums frequented by blind screen reader users remains unanswered. To bridge this knowledge gap and facilitate the development of better-informed assistive technologies for blind people, we investigated language use …

Human Perception Of Ai Capabilities At Classifying Perturbed Roadway Signs, Katherine R. Garcia, Jing Chen, Yanru Xiao, Scott Mishler, Cong Wang, Bin Hu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is crucial to numerous functions required for driving automation systems, including the computer vision techniques used to detect the roadway environment and make real-time decisions. However, the images used as inputs to the AI system may be maliciously perturbed, or manipulated, causing the AI system to make an incorrect classification. In this study, we examined humans’ perception of the AI’s computer vision capability of classifying various road sign images, including the original images, images with two different types of malicious attacks, and images that are scrambled randomly at the pixel level. Our results showed that participants rated …

Analysis Of Pre-Service Teachers’ Personal Metaphors About Foreign Language Teaching, Juan Luis De La Montaña Conchiña, Guadalupe De La Maya Retamar, Magdalena López-Pérez

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

This study analyses the characterisation and evolution of the personal metaphors of a sample of 34 trainee foreign language teachers, through a questionnaire of open-ended questions that included asking the participants to make drawings representing the roles of the teacher. Four categories of metaphors were considered for the analysis: behaviourist/transmissive, cognitivist/constructivist, situated, and self-referential. The results indicate that most participants were able to conceptualise their image of the teacher in the form of metaphors. The pre-service teachers’ metaphors represented are mainly cognitivist/constructivist and behaviourist/transmissive. When comparing them before and after the internship in the primary schools, most of them did …

Australian Education Research Organisation And Teacher Education, Bruce Haynes

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

The Australian Education Research Organisation was created to initiate, collate and disseminate reliable evidence-based research to the Australian school system. It uses the latest cognitive psychology to advocate the use of explicit instruction and phonics to lift outcomes of Australian schooling. These practices are reflected in the new ‘core content’ for Initial Teacher Education programs that were identified by the Teacher Education Expert Panel to be mandated in national accreditation processes for tertiary providers delivering initial teacher education. Mandating these practices is problematic and marks a further shift towards authoritarian processes in Australia.

Using Children's Picture Books To Teach Mathematical And Numeracy Concepts: An Exploration Of The Aesthetic Value Of Mathematics For Preservice Teachers’ Dispositions, Mellie Green, Lorraine Gaunt, Georgina M. Barton

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Evidence suggests that preservice teachers tend to have negative dispositions towards the teaching of mathematics and/or numeracy. In response, this paper describes the work of three experienced teacher educators using high-quality children’s picture books to teach mathematical and/or numeracy concepts as well as foregrounding the aesthetic value of mathematics. The purpose of this type of reading is to support and improve preservice teacher dispositions towards mathematics and/or numeracy with children’s picture books. Using metalogue as methodology, the researchers discussed mathematical and/or numeracy concepts and explored the aesthetic value of mathematics within selected picture books. They used the Australian Curriculum’s General …

Wearable-Derived Heart Rate Variability Reveals Autonomic Dysfunction In Schizophrenia (Preprint), Alec J. Pupo, Stephanie H. Felgoise

Internal Medicine Resident Research

Autonomic dysfunction has long been implicated in schizophrenia, yet objective physiological markers remain underutilized in psychiatric research. Heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive measure of autonomic regulation, is conventionally derived from short electrocardiographic recordings. In this study, we tested whether continuous, wearable-derived HRV can identify physiologic alterations in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Using the NIH All of Us database, we analyzed second-level Fitbit heart rate data from 26 individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses and 26 matched controls. Frequency-domain analyses focused on ultra-low frequency (ULF), very low frequency (VLF), and truncated low frequency (tLF) bands, given sampling constraints. Schizophrenia participants showed significantly reduced power …

Town Of Sugar Hill, New Hampshire 63rd Annual Report Year Ending December 31, 2024, Sugar Hill Town Representatives

Sugar Hill, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Annual Reports Of The Selectboard And Other Town Officers, Charlestown, N.H., For The Year Ending December 31, 2024, Charlestown Town Representatives

Charlestown, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 2025, Southeast South Dakota Research Farm

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is an annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Research Farm in cooperation with the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the SDSU College of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences and has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the ten-county area of Southeast South Dakota. The results shown are not necessarily complete or conclusive. Interpretations given are tentative because additional data resulting from the continuation of these experiments may result in conclusions different from those based on any one year.

Flags As Symbols Of Place: Unpacking Geographic Meaning And Identity In Student Flag Designs, Carlos A. Morales-Ramirez

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

Flags have been around for centuries; however, vexillology, the study of flags, was not officially coined until the 1960s. Despite this, there is still a need for more scientific and empirical research. Using qualitative arts-based research (ABR) methodology, this study investigates the creative journey of students in an undergraduate geography course as they design a flag for a place of their choosing. Students were asked to interpret the concept of ‘place’ through their flag designs while also incorporating flag design principles. The results showed that participants selected places tied to themes such as hometown, family, love, memories, and culture often …

Noaa Oceanic And Atmospheric Research Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan Fy25 To Fy35, United States National Oceanographic And Atmospheric Administration

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration: Technical Reports and Related Materials

United States National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration oceanic and atmospheric research ocean carbon observing science plan for fiscal years 2025 through 2035.

At The Farm In Battery Park Assignment, Karen Williams

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

The History Of Urban Life Textbook, Samuel Finesurrey

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

Paternity, Protection, And Pirates: A Queer Theory Analysis Of Intellectual Property Metaphors, Eden Sarid

IP Theory

Intellectual Property and queer theory share a fundamental concern with the interplay between private and public, tangible and intangible, and language and form. Queer theory emphasizes how language impacts the construction of identity and belonging, highlighting that discourse plays a pivotal role in structuring gender, sexuality, and normativity. Intellectual Property is often portrayed as strictly neutral, laser-focused on spurring creativity and innovation. However, is this portrayal reflective of reality? And does this purported neutrality hold up in IP’s rhetoric? By examining two principal IP terminologies through a queer lens – the term “protection” to describe IP legal privilege, and the …

Generative Ai's Copyright Enigma: A Comparative Study Of Fair Use And Fair Dealing, Taysir Awad

IP Theory

At the dawn of this decade, generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models were at the apogee of modern science and technology. Their emergence introduced the world to a new paradigm of creativity and innovation, where machines can synthesize art, literature, and design with unprecedented sophistication, blurring the boundaries between human ingenuity and algorithmic computation. These models have the capacity to regenerate Oscar Wilde with the depiction of Ansel Adams, rewrite Harry Potter with William Shakespear’s proverbial tongue, and redesign St. Peter’s Basilica with Gothic arches, Seljuk carved stones, and an Antoni Gaudi roof architecture, relocated in the heart of New York …

Csc 22100 Software Development Laboratory Homework Assignment #3, Mitch Gershonowitz

Open Educational Resources

This is the third homework assignment for an Introduction to Java Programming course, which requires the students to write Java code using industry-accepted conventions. The assignment requires the student to write a Java classes and interfaces that demonstrate usage of passing lambda expressions to methods, as well as demonstrating polymorphism and inheritance.

Mandatory Fertilizer Regulations: A Survey Of State And Federal Laws, S. Emily Grams, James Rehwaldt

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

The Environmental Protection Agency describes nutrient pollution as “one of the most widespread and challenging environmental problems faced by our nation.” Despite this acknowledgment, federal and state governments impose little to no mandatory laws to regulate the application of synthetic fertilizers to farmland, the primary source of nutrient pollution. Further, emissions from agriculture play a key role in global emissions; failing to address them could prevent the global attainment of the 1.5 degrees Celsius and 2 degrees Celsius climate change goals. In an attempt to shed light on the issue, this Article describes the significant climatic and environmental impacts of …

Safety Effectiveness Of Unsignalized Restricted Crossing U-Turn (Rcut) Intersections In Mississippi Using Empirical Bayes Before After Study, Gaurav Aryal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

At-grade intersections on high-speed highways can be hazardous, particularly where lower-speed vehicles from minor roads must cross fast-moving traffic on major roads. To address this, the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) converted more than 20 unsignalized rural and urban intersections to the Restricted Crossing U‐Turn (RCUT) configuration between 2012 and 2022. This study provides the first before-after safety evaluation of these implementations, applying three analytical approaches: naïve before-after annual crash frequency comparison, an Improved Prediction Method (that accounts for changes in duration and AADT in before vs. after period), and a rigorous Empirical Bayes (EB) framework considering two definitions of …

Les Conditions De Vie De La Classe Ouvrière Dans Les Chefs-D’ Œeuvre De Ousmane Sembène, Sawel Awuni

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Francophone African literature emerged as a vehicle for criticism of the colonial system, subsequently shifting its focus to neocolonialism as a new stage of imperialism. Literature and film served as instruments for critiquing imperialist structures, which engendered societal issues and fostered division among Africans. This study examines how Sembène’s books and films satirize society and their continued relevance to contemporary issues in the countries and cities depicted in these literary and cinematic works. To conduct this study, two books and a film were selected as primary sources: Le Docker Noir, Les Bouts de bois de Dieu, and “La Noire de…”. …