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Resilience For A Digital Age, Danielle Keats Citron, Kristen E. Eichensehr Jan 2025

Resilience For A Digital Age, Danielle Keats Citron, Kristen E. Eichensehr

University of Chicago Legal Forum

A resilience agenda is an essential part of protecting national security in a digital age. Digital technologies impact nearly all aspects of everyday life, from communications and medical care to electricity and government services. Societal reliance on digital tools should be paired with efforts to secure societal resilience. A resilience agenda involves preparing for, adapting to, withstanding, and recovering from disruptions in ways that advance societal interests, goals, and values. Emphasizing resilience offers several benefits: 1) Resilience is threat agnostic or at least relatively threat neutral; 2) its inward focus emphasizes actions under the control of a targeted country, rather …

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In Search Of The Presumption Of Regularity, Aram A. Gavoor, Steven A. Platt Jan 2025

In Search Of The Presumption Of Regularity, Aram A. Gavoor, Steven A. Platt

Florida Law Review

The presumption of regularity is an imprecise principle that federal courts apply in varying ways to presume federal officers and employees lawfully and consistently discharge their official duties. The presumption gained national significance during the Trump Administration in several key cases in which it was implicated, but the contours of the presumption were never described by the Supreme Court of the United States. While literature and judicial opinions have invoked the presumption, there has been sparse scholarly accounting for its contours, value, and legitimacy. This Article is the first to trace the contemporary domain of the presumption and its applications …

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The Evolving Standards, As Applied, William W. Berry Iii Jan 2025

The Evolving Standards, As Applied, William W. Berry Iii

Florida Law Review

In Jones v. Mississippi, the Supreme Court of the United States adopted a narrow reading of its Eighth Amendment categorical bar on mandatory juvenile life-without-parole (JLWOP) sentences. Specifically, the Court rejected Jones’s claim that the Eighth Amendment categorical limit required a sentencing jury or judge make a finding of permanent incorrigibility—that the defendant is beyond hope of rehabilitation—as a prerequisite to imposing a JLWOP sentence. In dicta, the Court suggested that Jones could have made an individual as-applied challenge to his sentence under the Eighth Amendment by claiming that his JLWOP sentence was disproportionate to the crime he committed. …

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After Lebor: Can The Rights Of Nature Movement Stand Back Up?, Desmond Nichols Jan 2025

After Lebor: Can The Rights Of Nature Movement Stand Back Up?, Desmond Nichols

Florida Law Review

The Rights of Nature Movement, a global political movement that seeks to expand the legal rights traditionally granted to humans and corporations to natural entities like lakes, rivers, and ecosystems, is becoming more mainstream. In the United States, the movement has had successes in passing local ordinances that grant lakes and rivers the right to exist and flourish. The most high-profile of these victories for the movement was the Lake Erie Bill of Rights, an ordinance that passed in Toledo, Ohio, in February of 2019. This Note explores the Rights of Nature Movement in the United States. The ordinances that …

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The Property Law Of Tokens, Juliet M. Moringiello, Christopher K. Odinet Jan 2025

The Property Law Of Tokens, Juliet M. Moringiello, Christopher K. Odinet

Florida Law Review

Non-fungible tokens—or NFTs, as they are better known—have taken the world by storm. The idea behind an NFT is that by owning a certain thing (specifically, a digital token that is tracked on a blockchain), one can hold property rights in something else (either a real or an intangible asset). In the early part of 2021, NFTs for items ranging from a GIF of a pop-tart cat with a rainbow tail, to former Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey’s first tweet, to a New York Times column (about NFTs!) have sold for millions of dollars over the internet. Promoters assert that …

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It’S “A Good Day” To Make Inferences: Helping Emergent And Reluctant Readers, Amy Davis Jan 2025

It’S “A Good Day” To Make Inferences: Helping Emergent And Reluctant Readers, Amy Davis

Michigan Reading Journal

A skilled reader can understand and connect to relationships that are not explicitly stated in text. The process of making inferences can be divided into two categories: text and prior-knowledge-based. This paper offers examples of inference questions using the picture book, “It’s a Good Day” by Kevin Henkes, that teachers can use during shared book readings with emergent and reluctant readers.

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Full Issue: Volume 57, No. 2 Jan 2025

Full Issue: Volume 57, No. 2

Michigan Reading Journal

No abstract provided.

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Deeper Magic: Theology Of The Body In C. S. Lewis And John Paul Ii, George French Jan 2025

Deeper Magic: Theology Of The Body In C. S. Lewis And John Paul Ii, George French

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

C. S. Lewis tells us that science and magic are “twins.” “They were born,” he says “of the same impulse”3 of man to master the natural world. We think of them very differently because science has succeeded where magic has failed, but that should not make us blind to their “strong family likeness.”4 Science and magic are intertwined for much of their history, and it is in the Enlightenment that the two begin to separate. While magic died and science survived, Lewis thinks that modern applied science still retains much of the “family likeness.” Unfortunately, not all of the family …

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One Dominant Age: The Technological Singularity In The Abolition Of Man, Christopher Tissell Jan 2025

One Dominant Age: The Technological Singularity In The Abolition Of Man, Christopher Tissell

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

I doubt whether we are sufficiently attentive to the importance of the third part of C. S. Lewis’s The Abolition of Man. Much ink has been spilled analyzing Lewis’s thoughts on the dangers of subjectivism as outlined in the first two parts of the book, but less so on the endpoint to which Lewis thinks subjectivism leads when whole societies succumb to it. Yet Lewis himself, or at least his editor, thought the final part important enough to name the lecture series after it, and dramatize it in a novel afterward. If Lewis saw the train leaving the station over …

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The Abolition Of Man, Eighty Years Later: An Engineer’S Perspective, Paul G. Lorenzini Jan 2025

The Abolition Of Man, Eighty Years Later: An Engineer’S Perspective, Paul G. Lorenzini

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

I n 2021 Michael Ward published After Humanity: A Guide to C.S. Lewis’s The Abolition of Man. His purpose was to call attention to the continuing relevance and significance of Lewis’s book, originally published in 1943, now almost a century old. Among his many works, it is one of the least known, yet it was perhaps Lewis’s most highly acclaimed book among secular critics. Ranked seventh by the National Review in its list of 100 best non-fiction books in the 20th century, it is second on a similar list by the Intercollegiate Studies Institute.1 While Abolition can be a difficult …

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C. S. Lewis’S Most Important Message: The Abolition Of Man As Lewis’S Self-Conscious Struggle For The Value Of Human Persons, Dwain Tissell Jan 2025

C. S. Lewis’S Most Important Message: The Abolition Of Man As Lewis’S Self-Conscious Struggle For The Value Of Human Persons, Dwain Tissell

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Over the roughly sixty years since C. S. Lewis’s death, many have asked, what was the message he most wanted to convey? A decade before Lewis’s passing, Dr. James Houston asked him that very question. Lewis answered that he was fighting “reductionism.” More specifically, Houston heard C. S. Lewis to be most concerned about reduction of the value of the human person. At the time of this writing, Houston is 101 years of age, and he has kept a low profile all these years about his relationship with C. S. Lewis. From 1947 until 1954, he and Lewis were more …

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Gender And The Abolition Of Man: The Masculine And The Feminine In Lewis’S Natural Law Thought, Joshua P. Herring Jan 2025

Gender And The Abolition Of Man: The Masculine And The Feminine In Lewis’S Natural Law Thought, Joshua P. Herring

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

C. S. Lewis wrote extensively about gender in both nonfiction and fiction works. In nonfiction, he lays out a specific understanding of gender with logical clarity; in fiction, Lewis develops a series of poetic images magnifying the depth of meaning found in being masculine and feminine. In both forms of writing, Lewis celebrates the goodness of God’s gift of gender, and summons his readers to receive the gift with gratitude. Reading Lewis’s works on gender functions as an antidote to gender ideology. Rather than a severing of felt experience and bodily reality, Lewis calls his readers to see the ideas …

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The Positive Educational Program Of The Abolition Of Man, Jon Fennell Jan 2025

The Positive Educational Program Of The Abolition Of Man, Jon Fennell

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Readers of The Abolition of Man, certainly those who have engaged it repeatedly and have thought deeply about what it says, recognize that the book is fundamentally a commentary on the reality—and predictable consequences—of the miseducation of the young. Much has been written on this topic. Not so commonly recognized, nor as frequently understood, is the positive educational program that arises out of Lewis’s largely critical “reflections on education.”2 The Abolition of Man, like its fictional counterpart, That Hideous Strength, elaborates a nightmare scenario. That scenario is the product of what, logically, is a reduction and absurdum. The details of …

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The Eschatological Vision Of The Abolition Of Man, Joshua J. Paladino Jan 2025

The Eschatological Vision Of The Abolition Of Man, Joshua J. Paladino

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

C. S. Lewis’s The Abolition of Man is ultimately an eschatological work, a vision of the end of history, a warning about the fully conditioned society, an insight into the nature of the universal and homogeneous state, and even a prophecy of Hell on Earth. The end-times significance of the Abolition is perhaps overlooked because it lacks an apocalyptic framing. Lewis presented, rather, a “snug” eschatology.1 There is none of the apocalyptic drama that Lewis crafted in The Last Battle. We do not hear the Lion roar, “Now it is time,” before watching Father Time squeeze the sun in his …

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The Riddle Of The Sphinx, Owen Barfield, Rory O'Connor Jan 2025

The Riddle Of The Sphinx, Owen Barfield, Rory O'Connor

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Owen Barfield, whom C. S. Lewis described archetypally as his “Second Friend” —“the man who disagrees with you about everything . . . not so much the alter ego as the antiself ”1 —expressed his agreement with the argument of The Abolition of Man and his admiration of the book on a number of occasions. For example, describing various means by which one can become aware of the presuppositions of one’s thoughts, Barfield once wrote: One, of which the best example I know is C. S. Lewis’s The Abolition of Man, is to take some typical utterance by a contemporary …

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Secondary Metabolites From Usnea Sp. And An Evaluation Of Their Cytotoxic And Antibacterial Activities, Dewi Meliati Agustini, Riga Riga, Elvira Hermawati, Budi Saputra Jan 2025

Secondary Metabolites From Usnea Sp. And An Evaluation Of Their Cytotoxic And Antibacterial Activities, Dewi Meliati Agustini, Riga Riga, Elvira Hermawati, Budi Saputra

Baghdad Science Journal

The genus Usnea was reported to synthesize the bioactive secondary metabolites, including cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. To continue our study on bioactive compounds from Usnea sp, we studied secondary metabolites and their bioactivities of Usnea sp. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical constituents of lichen Usnea sp. Methanol extract of Usnea sp. was prepared by solid liquid extraction followed by fractionation and purification of the crude extract by several chromatographic techniques using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents to obtain two pure compounds (1 and 2). The …

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Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermal Studying Of Vo(Ii), Cu(Ii), Zn(Ii), Cd(Ii), And Au(Iii) Complexes With Azo Dye And Evaluation As Antioxidants, Areeg Malek Fadhel, Abbas Ali Salih Al-Hamdani, Wail Al Zoubi Jan 2025

Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermal Studying Of Vo(Ii), Cu(Ii), Zn(Ii), Cd(Ii), And Au(Iii) Complexes With Azo Dye And Evaluation As Antioxidants, Areeg Malek Fadhel, Abbas Ali Salih Al-Hamdani, Wail Al Zoubi

Baghdad Science Journal

Complexes of Vanadyl, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Aureate with their double valence and Aureate with its triple valence were prepared using the azo dye (2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-((3-hydroxyphenyl) dixenyl)phenyl)ethane-1-one prepared newly from diazonium salt With 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, after isolation. The prepared materials were identified by available spectroscopic methods and diagnostic techniques for C.H.N, IR, UV-Vis, 1H&13C-NMR, Mass, thermogravimetric analysis curve, differential scanning calorimetry, and complexes, these techniques included as well as determining the metal percentage, determining the chlorine content, magnetic susceptibility, and molar conductivity. The results showed that the ligand is anionic (negative) tetradentate when coordinated with Vanadyl, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium …

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Eco-Friendly Method For Removal Of Some Heavy Metals In Water; Physical And Analytical Study, Khaled Elgendy, Mounir Zaky, Atef Amer, Abdel Nasser Mohammed Jan 2025

Eco-Friendly Method For Removal Of Some Heavy Metals In Water; Physical And Analytical Study, Khaled Elgendy, Mounir Zaky, Atef Amer, Abdel Nasser Mohammed

Baghdad Science Journal

This study sought to examine the removal of some heavy metal ions from an aqueous media utilizing an adsorbent made from waste materials Cyperus papyrus and nano Cyperus papyrus. Because of their abundance of (OH) groups, Cyperus papyrus biomaterials are promising adsorbents for removing heavy metals. Therefore, this study proposed removing Al, Fe, Pb, and Cd from aqueous solutions using dried Cyperus papyrus. The effectiveness of removal was determined to be in this sequence Fe >Pb> Cd>Al. In another method, some of the cyperus papyrus was converted to nanopowder and used to investigate the elimination of Pb and Cd …

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Development Of Hybrid Machine Learning In Patient Diagnosis Classification Using The Xrp Model (Extraction, Reduction & Prediction), Hendra Nusa Putra, Sarjon Defit, Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo Jan 2025

Development Of Hybrid Machine Learning In Patient Diagnosis Classification Using The Xrp Model (Extraction, Reduction & Prediction), Hendra Nusa Putra, Sarjon Defit, Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo

Baghdad Science Journal

This study, carried out over six months at an Indonesian hospital, explores the benefits of standardizing medical record data and integrating health information systems for healthcare delivery. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, it focuses on the impact of precise data mining extraction on data analysis and the advantages of an integrated system for accessing patient records. Advanced data mining methods were employed for feature extraction, selection, and dataset reduction to enhance data classification accuracy. Findings revealed a direct correlation between the accuracy of data extraction and the reliability of data classification, highlighting the significant role of dataset reduction in improving …

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Synthesis And Description Of Some New Heterocyclic Imideis Compounds Derived From Ciprofloxacin Drug, Jinan D. Ayyash, Sameaa J. Khammas Jan 2025

Synthesis And Description Of Some New Heterocyclic Imideis Compounds Derived From Ciprofloxacin Drug, Jinan D. Ayyash, Sameaa J. Khammas

Baghdad Science Journal

The target of this work included synthesis of several new derivatives (B-B17) from Ciprofloxacin drug and evaluating antibacterial activities for some derivatives. The analogs were synthesized, designed, and characterized by 1HNMR, and FTIR. The first step involved the preparation of a 2-Chloroacetyl Ciprofloxacin drug from the reaction of Ciprofloxacin with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Then, the yield B with 2-aminobenzothiazole in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst to produce derivatives (B1-B8), Potassium phthalimide or Succinimide was used to prepared (B9-B12) compounds , and the (B13-B17) compounds were synthesis from 4-acetyl ciprofloxacin (B).The antibacterial …

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Evaluating The Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Levels In Sera Of Iraqi Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Tabarak Siraj Ibrahim, Bushra Faris Hasan Jan 2025

Evaluating The Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Levels In Sera Of Iraqi Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Tabarak Siraj Ibrahim, Bushra Faris Hasan

Baghdad Science Journal

The biomarker significance of chemokine (Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein) was evaluated in the sera of 80 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 40 control men and women. A test ELISA kit was used in the Human Reader HS apparatus to measure the serum COMP, CRP, and RF. The Nihon Kohden Europes (MEK-6550K) analyzer apparatus was used for the testing of Complete Blood Count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), The Westergren device was used in this evaluation. The results demonstrated that COMP, CRP, RF, and ESR showed a significantly increased median in RA patients compared to control (COMP:104.79±1.95 vs. 47.79±1.34 ng/ml; …

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Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) By Indirect Method With Ferrous Ion And 1,10 Phenanthroline, Suhad Abdel Moneim Yassin, Khalaf F. Alsamarrai Jan 2025

Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) By Indirect Method With Ferrous Ion And 1,10 Phenanthroline, Suhad Abdel Moneim Yassin, Khalaf F. Alsamarrai

Baghdad Science Journal

CyanoCobalamin (Vitamin B12) was determined using a simple, reliable, and affordable colorimetric method. According to this method, excess Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O, or FS) is used to reduce vitamin B12, and the excess FS reacts with the reagent 1,10-phenanthroline to produce a soluble red color complex. The greatest wavelength of the spectrum of this complex was 510 nm. The concentration linearity range was 5-100 µg/mL. The RSD% values were 0.107-0.259% for intraday and 1.085-0.1378% for interday, while the Rec% values ranged from 95 to 100.833%. LOD and LOQ values were respectively 0.016 µg/mL and 0.053 µg/mL. The method was used to …

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Synthesis, Identification, And Biological Evaluation Of New Coumarin-Pyrazoline Derivatives As Anti-Oxidant Agents, Wafaa Yusuf Khalaf, Leaqaa Abdulredha Raheem, Rita Sabah Elias Youssef Jan 2025

Synthesis, Identification, And Biological Evaluation Of New Coumarin-Pyrazoline Derivatives As Anti-Oxidant Agents, Wafaa Yusuf Khalaf, Leaqaa Abdulredha Raheem, Rita Sabah Elias Youssef

Baghdad Science Journal

The coumarin scaffold was combined with nitrogen containing heteroatom molecule known as pyrazoline to increase its biological activity, and it demonstrated a wide range of activity. The study involved the synthesis of a new compound by condensation method, and the structural structures of the prepared compounds were characterized using spectroscopic and analytical studies FT-IR, 1H-NMR,13CNMR, and mass spectrometry, through which it was proven that pyrazoline ring through the appearance of protons of the methylene group in different coupling constants. On the other hand, the proton of C11’, adapts to two different adjacent angles for the two protons of the methylene …

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Impact Of Ultraviolet Radiation On The Aging Properties Of Pvc Films Doped By Tin(Iv) Complexes, Hanan Ibrahiem, Emad Yousif, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani, Dina S. Ahmed, Muna Bufaroosha Jan 2025

Impact Of Ultraviolet Radiation On The Aging Properties Of Pvc Films Doped By Tin(Iv) Complexes, Hanan Ibrahiem, Emad Yousif, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani, Dina S. Ahmed, Muna Bufaroosha

Baghdad Science Journal

Using 1H-, 13C-, and 119Sn-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies in addition to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural identification, we synthesized and studied three tin complexes of Ibuprofen in this study. To improve poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)'s photo-stability, the produced complexes were mixed one at a time. FTIR techniques were employed to evaluate their effectiveness, and the results indicated the formation of new groups inside the polymer structure following exposure to ultraviolet radiation. We also investigated the weight loss of the polymer under irradiation and calculated the average molecular weight by comparing the viscosity before and after …

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Relative Chronology Of The Proto-Historic Remains At Naḥal Saflul 71 In The Gal‘Ed Hills (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–20*; English Summary, Pp. 221–223), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

Relative Chronology Of The Proto-Historic Remains At Naḥal Saflul 71 In The Gal‘Ed Hills (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–20*; English Summary, Pp. 221–223), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Two areas were excavated (A, B) at the site, and a report on Meir’s Excavation C (1976–1982) is included as well. Six round, rock-hewn pits were exposed in Area A, all of which probably belong to one system. In Area B, three natural steps were found on bedrock, as well as part of a pressing installation(?) for wine or oil production. Areas A and B were covered with gray soil that contained stones, potsherds, flint items and animal bones. The site also yielded limestone and basalt vessels, pottery spindle weights, bone points and archaeozoological remains. The pottery at the site …

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Excavations At Tel Lod: Remains From The Pottery Neolithic A, Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age I, Middle Bronze Age I And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 141–218), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Robert Kool, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis, Vladimir Zbenovich Jan 2025

Excavations At Tel Lod: Remains From The Pottery Neolithic A, Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age I, Middle Bronze Age I And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 141–218), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Robert Kool, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis, Vladimir Zbenovich

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations at the ancient tell of Lod revealed six strata (I–VI). Stratum I consisted of much-disturbed topsoil. The partial remains of three buildings were uncovered in Stratum II, dated to the Byzantine period. Stratum III consisted of sand deposits with a high concentration of MB I potsherds. Stratum IV represented the main phase of human occupation at the site, containing the remains of two superimposed settlements (Strata IVa, IVb), dating from the later phases of EB I. Stratum IVa revealed segments of three sundried mud-brick walls, lacking stone foundations; a large storage jar was found sunk into a …

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Tell Qasile (North): Remains Of A Pre-Ghassulian Structure On Fichmann Street, Tel Aviv (Pp. 131–139), Ronit Lupu, Ayelet Dayan Israel Antiquities Authority Jan 2025

Tell Qasile (North): Remains Of A Pre-Ghassulian Structure On Fichmann Street, Tel Aviv (Pp. 131–139), Ronit Lupu, Ayelet Dayan Israel Antiquities Authority

'Atiqot

The excavation revealed remains of walls, living surfaces, pottery sherds, flint artifacts, stone vessels and animal bones that can be attributed mainly to Pre-Ghassulian entities dating within the first half of the fifth millennium BCE. The small assemblage of finds from the site suggests a chrono-cultural attribution within the transitional period between the late Wadi Rabah and the beginning of the Ghassulian Chalcolithic cultures. The faunal assemblage comprises mainly sheep/goat remains, as well as a single hippopotamus(?) bone. The site represents an important milestone in the research of late prehistory in the Tel Aviv area, attesting to the presence of …

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Abu Ghosh, Jasmine Street: A Pre-Ghassulian Site In The Judean Hills (Pp. 85–130), Ianir Milevski, Ofer Marder, Henk K. Mienis, Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

Abu Ghosh, Jasmine Street: A Pre-Ghassulian Site In The Judean Hills (Pp. 85–130), Ianir Milevski, Ofer Marder, Henk K. Mienis, Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

The excavations at Abu Ghosh revealed two phases dated to the Pre-Ghassulian period, between the end of the sixth millennium and the mid-fifth millenium BCE. Three archaeological-sedimentary layers were identified at the site: Layer I—topsoil, Layer II—possibly EB I, and Layer III—Pre-Ghassulian. The architecture of Layer III consisted of rectilinear units, with apparent passages and entrances between them, whose walls were built on stone foundations. Most of the pottery shows affinities with the Qatifian-Besorian horizons typical of southern sites. The lithic assemblages are characterized by sickle blades, bifacials and perforators. The groundstone tools and stone bowls are characteristic of repertories …

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Beisamun: An Early Pottery Neolithic Site In The Hula Basin (Pp. 1–61), Hamoudi Khalaily, Tali Kuperman, Nimrod Marom, Ianir Milevski, Dmitry Yegorov Jan 2025

Beisamun: An Early Pottery Neolithic Site In The Hula Basin (Pp. 1–61), Hamoudi Khalaily, Tali Kuperman, Nimrod Marom, Ianir Milevski, Dmitry Yegorov

'Atiqot

The excavation was conducted along the western fringes of the site of Beisamun. Three areas were opened (Areas A–C), revealing four layers. Layer I, the upper layer, is a dark brown clayey soil, which contained few archaeological finds. Layer II is a gray-brown clayey soil, rich in organic material and ash—most of the artifacts and architectural remains, dating to the Pottery Neolithic, were found in this layer. Layer III (in Area C) was rich in architectural remains dating to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. The lowest layer (Layer III in Areas A and B; Layer IV in Area C) is of …

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Neolithic Flint Workshops At Giv‘At Rabi (East) In Lower Galilee (Pp. 63–83), Omry Barzilai, Ianir Milevski Israel Antiquities Authority Jan 2025

Neolithic Flint Workshops At Giv‘At Rabi (East) In Lower Galilee (Pp. 63–83), Omry Barzilai, Ianir Milevski Israel Antiquities Authority

'Atiqot

This article presents the flint assemblages from the Neolithic workshops exposed at Giv‘at Rabi (East), which produced bidirectional blades, unidirectional blades and bifacial tools. The Neolithic blades were produced from wide cores with relatively few preparations. The bifacial tools included unfinished and finished cortical axes and adzes. These techno-typological characteristics suggest that the workshops at Giv‘at Rabi (East) should be dated to the Final Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNB) and the Early Pottery Neolithic (PN) periods. The discovery of the Neolithic workshops at Giv‘at Rabi (East) contributes to our understanding of the organization of the lithic industries in the region of Lower …

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