Digital Commons Network^™

Integration Of Wildlife And Cattle On Communal Lands In Kangwane, South Africa, M Stalmans, A Van Wyk, M T. Mentis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The feasibility of integrating wildlife with the current livestock husbandry on communal lands in KaNgwane was investigated. Present stocking rates were 3 times the recommended figure for production farming. This fitted predictions based on the Jones-Sandland model for populations where the major consideration is maximum number of animals rather than high productivity. The integration of game was seen as a means to increase economic output, while spreading benefits from the use of natural resources to the community at large and establishing a form of ecologically sustainable land use. The active involvement of the community in the planning process and their …

Game Production On Private Land In South Africa, J C. Pauw, M J.S Peel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The game industry on private land in South Africa has grown considerably in the last 30 years, resulting in a greatly increased biodiversity on private rangeland. However, animals are not domesticated and management is difficult. Management becomes even more complex because commercial game production normally involves a number of species, including domestic stock, in the same production system. Mixed livestock-game ranching holds certain advantages for management and is generally perceived to be more profitable than either alone. Because of human preferences, a lack of clearly defined management objectives and lack of practical management recommendations, veld is generally heavily utilised and …

Overcoming Limitations On The Productivity Of Browsing Ungulates In Africa, Norman Owen-Smith

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In African savannas primary production by woody plants may match that by the grass layer. However, maximum population levels attained by browsing ruminants are only one tenth of those reached by similar sized grazers, The productivity of browsers is limited because (I) much foliage is out of reach, and dispersed by wind when shed; (2) most palatable trees are deciduous, leading to a food bottleneck during the late dry season; (3) leaves of many woody species are rendered unpalatable, indigestible or toxic by plant secondary metabolites. Management actions to overcome these limitations include (I) lopping trees to restrict their height; …

Economic And Ecological Features Of Livestock And Wildlife Utilization In Africa, J I. Barnes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper looks at livestock and wildlife utilisation in Africa within the framework of total economic value (TEV), which includes both utilisation and biodiversity values. In Africa, traditional use of wildlife involves open access systems on public land, Here, free ranging, public wildlife resources are used to produce subsistence or marketed meat and skins at smaII scale. Traditional livestock systems involve open access use of rangelands. Here, livestock are kept at small ·scale to produce draft power, milk, meat and as a store of .value. Commercial use of wildlife involves restricted access systems on both public and private lands. Here, …

Conservation Of Biodiveristy In Managed Rangelands, With Special Emphasis On The Ecological Effects Of Large Grazing Ungulates, Domestic And Wild, Patrick Duncan, Peter J. Jarman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Biodiversily with its different components (genes, species and ecosystems) is defined in relation to rangelands, whose Importance in its conservation is described. At the fine scale grasslands are much more diverse than tropical rain forest, and are comparably diverse at a regional scale, at least in Africa. Rangelands are crucially important world wide for 1he conservation of plants, and also for birds and large mammalian herbivores. Large ungulates (and other large herbivores) ace "keystone" species in these·ecosystems, playing a crucial role in the maintenance of diverse communities of plants, birds and invertebrates associated with such grasslands. Modification of the natural …

Productivity Of Silvipastoral Areas And Management Needs In Arid Regions Of India, N C. Jain

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In an extremely arid state of India (Rajasthan) having high livestock concentration and vast degraded lands, the State Forest Department has developed community and forest lands into silvipastoral areas by sowing grass (mainly Cenchus ciliaris and C. setigerus) in association with trees. Surveys have revealed high variability in pasture establishment and productivity in different regions. Cenchrus established well in most regions, except the extreme south, if proper sowing methods with closer spacing were followed and soil conservation measures undertaken. Closure from animals helped in favourable grass succession. Establishment of Dichanthium annulatum and Stylosanthes hamata was relatively poor, Analysis of …

Sheep And Forage Productivity In Rubber Plantations, I Tajuddin, D T. Chong, K F. Ng, W W. Stur, H M. Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The concept of integration of sheep with rubber plantations for weed control and meal production is rapidly gaining recognition in Malaysia. A series of experiments were set up with ACIAR support to determine the level of forage and animal production achievable in rubber plantations and to introduce and evaluate new forage germplasm for sheep grazing under rubber. These experiments showed that (i) the productivity of the currently used cover crops and naturally occurring further as rubber trees matured, (ii) the proportion of the unpalatable cover crop Caloponuim caeruleum increased rapidly with sheep grazing in immature rubber, (iii) reasonable sheep live-weight …

Pastures As The Secondary Components In Tree-Pasture Systems, Chin Peng Chen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The multi-stata canopy structure of rain forest allows only I% sunlight penetration, too little for the survival of forage beneath it. However, man-made forest plantation (rubber, oil palm and coconut) allows more light for forage species. Initially, 60-70 forage species were recorded under these modified forest canopies but only one third of them survived heavy shading. Forage dry matter yields declined from 2.8-4.8 I/ha DM at immature phase of plantations, to 0.1-1.0 I/Im at mautre phase. Nutrients. available to grazing animals from forages under plantations were guile high (18.4 kg Nit DM and 5609 MJ MEit DM) from native forages, …

Grazing Potential Of Desiccation-Tolerant Tropical And Subtropical Grasses, Y A. Sutaryono, D F. Gaff

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Some desiccation-tolerant grasses possess the potential for use as a grazing source for animals. Some species compared favourably in nutrient content and digestibility with other tropical animal fodder grasses. The Sporobolus species, S. aff, fimbriatus, S. lampranthus, S. pellucidus, together with Eragrostis invalida and Eragrostiella nardoides showed the most promising combination of desirable characteristics. Resurrection grasses contained potentially toxic substances, but, it appears, in amounts harmless to animals, Animal feed trials are needed to test their real feed value, palatability and non-toxicity to animals.

Mixed-Species Grazing In The Highland Sourveld Of South Africa: An Evaluation Of Animal Production Potential, M B. Hardy, N M. Tainton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of mixed-species grazing, at 5 cattle to sheep ratios all at the same stocking rale, on individual animal mass change/ ha mass change/ Ila were monitored for 2 grazing seasons, The ratios were balanced in terms of animal units which equate the expected intake of cattle and sheep. The study was conducted on a humid grasslands in which the herbage characteristically loses quality as Jt mature1. Mass gains of individual cattle were higher when the cattle grazed 10ge1her with the sheep than when they grazed alone. This was ascribed to increasing herbage availability as the ratio of cattle …

Prediction Of Live-Weight Gain Of Cattle Grazing Pastures On Brigalow Soil, M Hirata, C K. Mcdonald, R M. Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A model for predicting the live-weight gain-(LWD) of cattle from climatic conditions and pasture and cattle attributes was developed. The model was calibrated and validated against the data from a long-term grazing experiment on brigalow soil, sown with green panic pastures. When validated, the model tended to overestimate LWG as the proportion of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) in the pasture decreased, because the model was calibrated, without considering species composition, to data from years when green panic was dominant. This study emphasises the limitations of empirical models of grazing systems. The study also implies that there …

Animal Feed Research In Eastern And Southern Africa: Historical And Actual Priorities, Samuel C. Jutzi, J C. Tothhill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A review of animal feed research reports from 7 countries of eastern and southern Africa is used to assess historical and actual research emphases. Priority was on feed supply and evaluation for cattle production with strong rangelands improvement programmes. Most research focused on ecologically favoured regions and larger-scale livestock commodity production. Strong efforts for the exploitation of grasses for improved feed supply were supported by legume work for feed quality improvement. There was a strong emphasis on feed agronomy work, one third of all that work involving animals. Component research results were reported with little discussion of target systems implications, …

Animal Production And Dynamics Of Pangola Grass, Ryegrass, And White Clover As Influenced By Grazing Pressure, A De Moraes, G E. Maraschin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A grazing experiment was conducted at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica - UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, RS, from June 1989 to March 1990, to evaluate a mixed pasture of pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and white clover (Trifolium repens) under 4 levels of grazing pressure (GP), namely: 3.S, 7 ,0, 10.5 and 14.0 kg DM of forage on offer /100 kg live weight (LW), with 2 field replications. Average live-weight gain (LWG) decreased as grazing pressure increased. Maximum LWG was obtained at grazing pressures of approximately 12%, which was associated with DM residues …

Cultivated Pasture, Forage On Offer And Animal Responseg, G E. Maraschin, A De Moraes, L.F. A. Da Silva, J Riboldi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal gains on pasture are influenced by the forage dry mailer on offer (DMO). To ascertain this relationship a pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha) pasture was evaluated under forage DMO levels of 3.5%, 7.0%, 10.5% and 14.0% of live weight (LW)/head/day. Two steers were assigned to each treatment as tester animals plus a number of put-and­take steers to maintain the desired levels of forage DMO, at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica • UFRGS • 30°S, from November 1989 to March 1990 (period I) and from October 1990 to May 1991 (period II). Pasture DM production and crude protein were not …

Mineral Supplementation And Phosphorus Fertilizer Application On Native Pastures In North-East Argentina, R M. Pizzio, O Royo Pallares

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Extensive cattle production systems in north-east Argentina are based on the use of native pastures. One of the most important limiting factors to improve production is the acute phosphorus deficiency of soils and pastures. A large experiment was set up to study the effect of phosphorus fertiliser and mineral supplementation on the live­weight gain of steers of 2 ages grazing native pastures. Supplementation with a mixture of bone meal and salt, residual effect of P fertilisation, and both treatments applied together increased the annual animal live-weight gain by 60, 66 and 106%, respectively. The response of younger steers to fertiliser …

Scientific Racism: Insight Into Its Influence On Colonialism, Kenneth Macro

The Forum: Journal of History

No abstract provided.

Contraceptive Contingencies: Key Points That Shaped The Birth Control Pill, Emma Fay

The Forum: Journal of History

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, Amy R. Gavello, Julia Taylor

The Forum: Journal of History

No abstract provided.

Ending Arbitrary Invasions By Shielding "Abandoned" Password Protected Phones, Samuel Chan

Florida Law Review

Almost every American carries a cell phone in their pocket. But modern phones do much more than simply send and receive calls. Cell phones in the twenty-first century contain a digital record of one’s entire life. The wealth of private information that can be gathered from a cell phone has led the Supreme Court to recognize the need for increased digital data protections. In Riley v. California, the Court recognized the privacy concerns associated with modern cell phones and curtailed warrantless searches of a phone incident to arrest. In Carpenter v. United States, the Court acknowledged smartphones can …

Imperfect Insanity And Diminished Responsibility, E. Lea Johnston

Florida Law Review

Insanity’s status as an all-or-nothing excuse results in the disproportionate punishment of individuals whose mental disorders significantly impaired, but did not obliterate, their capacities for criminal responsibility. Prohibiting the trier of fact from considering impairment that does not meet the narrow definition of insanity contradicts commonly held intuitions about mental abnormality and gradations of responsibility. It results in systemic over-punishment, juror frustration, and, at times, arbitrary verdicts as triers of fact attempt to better apportion liability to blameworthiness. This Article proposes a generic partial excuse: Diminished Responsibility from Mental Disability. This excuse could be asserted as an affirmative defense at …

The Bison, January, 31, 2025

The Bison Newspapers

No abstract provided.

Neurovascular Complications Of Acute Aortic Syndrome, Dean Zeldich, Matthew Bierowski, Leah Shabo, Sridhara Yaddanapudi, Gregary Marhefka

Jefferson Hospital Staff Papers and Presentations

Acute aortic syndromes (AAS) such as aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcer pose significant neurovascular risks, affecting patient outcomes. This review examines the incidence, clinical presentation, and outcomes of neurovascular complications in AAS patients. Common complications include stroke, spinal cord ischemia, and transient ischemic attacks, with stroke being the most prevalent. Managing aortic dissection necessitates careful blood pressure control to prevent dissection progression while avoiding compromised cerebral and spinal perfusion. Carotid involvement, particularly dissection, increases stroke and transient ischemic attack risks. Emergency surgical interventions, though essential to prevent rupture or repair dissection, carry risks of perioperative neurovascular complications. …

Military Digital Diplomacy: A Case Study Of The Japan Self- Defense Force On Youtube Platform, I Dewa Gede Radiantha Wedagama, Susy Ong

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

This study examines the digital diplomacy strategies of the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF) through its engagement on the YouTube platform. It aims to analyze how the JSDF leverages digital media to reshape its international image, which has remained critically low since World War II, and to strengthen its soft power. Using a qualitative research approach, the study applies the 4D model of country image analysis, categorizing the JSDF’s digital content into functional, normative, aesthetic, and sympathetic dimensions. Data were collected through a comprehensive analysis of videos published on the JSDF's official YouTube channels, focusing on thematic content, user engagement metrics, …

Does Halal Industry Impact Economic Growth? An Empirical Evidence From Muslim Countries In Asia, Mohamad Soleh Nurzaman

International Journal of Islamic Economics and Business Sustainability

Purpose - This study examines the impact of the halal industry on economic growth in Muslim-majority countries, particularly in Asia, home to most of the global Muslim population.

Design/methodology/approach - Using a quantitative approach, this study applies panel data regression based on neoclassical growth theory. It analyses data from 2015 to 2022, using the Global Islamic Economy Indicator to measure the halal industry’s development. Economic growth is represented by constant GDP per capita, with foreign direct investment, inflation, and population growth as control variables.

Findings - The results show that the halal food sector has a significant positive effect on …

Climate Change Aggravates Bird Mortality In Pristine Tropical Forests, Jared Wolfe, David A. Luther, Vitek Jirinec, Jeremy Collings, Erik I. Johnson, Robert O. Bierregaard, Philip C. Stouffer

Michigan Tech Publications

Stable understory microclimates within undisturbed rainforests are often considered refugia against climate change. However, this assumption contrasts with emerging evidence of Neotropical bird population declines in intact rainforests. We assessed the vulnerability of resident rainforest birds to climatic variability, focusing on dry season severity characterized by hotter temperatures and reduced rainfall. Analyzing 4264 individual bird captures over 27 years, we found that harsher Amazonian dry seasons significantly reduced apparent survival for 24 of 29 species, with longer-lived species being more strongly affected. Our model predicted that a 1°C increase in average dry season temperature would reduce the mean apparent survival …

Crosstalk Between Nnos/No And Cox-2 Enhances Interferon-Gamma-Stimulated Melanoma Progression, Anika Patel, Shirley Tong, Moom R. Roosan, Basir Syed, Amardeep Awasthi, Richard B. Silverman, Sun Yang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background/Objectives: Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the melanoma tumor microenvironment plays opposing roles, orchestrating both pro-tumorigenic activity and anticancer immune responses. Our previous studies demonstrated the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in IFN-γ-stimulated melanoma progression. However, the underlying mechanism has not been well defined. This study determined whether the nNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways crosstalk and augment the pro-tumorigenic effects of IFN-γ in melanoma. Methods: Bioinformatic analysis of patient and cellular proteomic data was conducted to identify proteins of interest associated with IFN-γ treatment in melanoma. Changes in protein expression were determined using various analytical techniques including …

The Student Movement Volume 109 Issue 12: Flames And Frost From Coast To Coast, Marco Sciarabba, Alyssa Caruthers, Ember Clark, Melanie Webb, Addison Randall, Melissa Moore, Rod Olofernes, Lexie Dunham, Madison Vath

The Student Movement V. 109 (2024-2025)

HUMANS

AULA Creates Second Home for Members, Marco Sciarabba

What Will the Next Four Years Look Like?, Alyssa Caruthers

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

Shifting the Focus: Celebrity Coverage & California Wildfires, Ember Clark

2025 Oscars Nominations: Wildfires, Controversies, and Charity, Melanie Webb

Dragons, Guitars, and Stories: The Wind Symphony Performs on Feb. 1, Addison Randall

NEWS

Annual AUSA Sabbath, Melissa Moore

IDEAS

No Snow Days for You, Rod Olofernes

PULSE

Winter Miscommunications, Lexie Dunham

LAST WORD

A Journal Entry (Or Whatever You Want It To Be, I Really Don't Care), Madison Vath

Pressure Of The Past: How Recalling Ostracism Influences Risk And Benefit Perception, Joseph Newton, Ulrich Von Hecker

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

The affect heuristic suggests that emotional responses significantly influence perceptions of risk and benefit. We extend this model to test how recalling ostracism affects these perceptions across financial, health, and social domains, and test how time pressure moderates these effects. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: recalling either a time they were ostracized (ostracism condition) or included (inclusion condition), followed by evaluating risk and benefit scenarios under time pressure or no time pressure. While a growing body of evidence has linked ostracism to increases in risky decision-making, we found that recalling ostracism led to domain-specific, bi-directional changes …

Functional Dissection Of The Periplasmic Domain Of Rcsd, The Phosphotransfer Protein Of Escherichia Coli Rcs System, Abdelraouf Dapour

Theses and Dissertations

Microbial resistance to antibiotics poses a major health threat worldwide, prompting the scientific community to dedicate considerable efforts toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. The Gram-negative cell envelope serves as a formidable barrier to environmental stressors and numerous antimicrobials. In E. coli and other enterobacteria, the Rcs system (Regulator of capsule synthesis) is a crucial two-component signalling pathway that plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the bacterial envelope. One unique aspect of the Rcs system is the involvement of several auxiliary proteins in its signalling cascade. Among them, RcsD, an inner membrane 100 kDa protein, …

Evaluating The Performance Of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea Var. Italica) In The Sandponics System Using Brackish Water With Biochar And Compost, Gabriel Oyebode

Theses and Dissertations

Some of the most pronounced effects of climate change on agricultural output include the depletion of freshwater resources and heightened salinization of arable land, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, adversely affecting crop yields. Many economic vegetable crops including members of the brassica family are sensitive to salt-stress. The use of organic soil amendments such as biochar and compost as complimentary nutrient sources in the sandponics system can improve the performance of crops. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic amendment on the growth performance and yield of broccoli and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under brackish …