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Phosphorus Fertilization And Beef Production On New Seeded Pastures In The Rolled Pampa Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, J Maddaloni, O D. Bertin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In general there were not responses to phosphorus fertiliz­ation in pastures north of Salado River in Buenos Aires prov­ince, even though there are good responses south of this river. In a previous work in Pergamino, a 7 year old fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and white clover (Trifolium re pens) pasture was fertilized with 100 kg calcium superphosphate getting sig­nificant differences in A.D.G. and live weight increase per hec­tare, specially in winter months. There was no response in bot­anical composition, forage digestibility or crude protein content. (Maddaloni et al., 1982). To get the optimum doses for fertilization is not an easy …

Improving Animal Performance By Grazing Clovers, C P. Bagley, J I. Feazel, C C. Willis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Warm-season perennial grasses, such as 'Coastal' bermuda­grass (Cynodon dactylon L.), are characterized as being rela­tively high in yield capabilities but low to moderate in forage quality as compared with cool-season grasses (Wilson, 1984). Legumes can be interseeded into grass sods which can increase both forage yield (Knight, 1970) and animal performance (Blaser et al., 1956; Bagley et al., 1988). Performance of stocker animals has been shown to be much lower during the summer on bermudagrass compared with similar weight steers grazing ryegrass (Bagley, 1987). Legumes may be capable of extending the high performance grazing season of stocker beef past …

The Effects Of Graminaceous Species And Stocking Rate On Grazing Performance Of Charolais Steers, Francoise Riviere, Odile Colin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

High daily intakes of herbage with high digestibility are required to maximise animal production output per hectare from grazing. Tall fescue (TF) is well known for its high herbage pro­duction but its nutritive value may limit animal growth (Jacobson, 1969). Recently progress in sward species selection has provided· new TF cultivars with smooth leaves more digestible and better ingested by animals than the previous cultivars. The purpose of the trials reported here was to study, in com­parison with perennial rye grass (PRG), the influence of new tall fescue cultivars, on steers growth grazing at two stocking rates.

Evaluation Of Three Tropical Perennial Grasses For Beef Production In South Central Florida, A Larbi, P Mislevy, W F. Brown, M B. Adjei

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Species of the genus Cynodon (Bermudagrasses and star­grasses) have a considerable potential for grazing in southern Florida (Adjei et al., 1980, Pitman et al., 1984). Preliminary evaluation studies indicate that two new stargrass cultivars, Florico and Florona ( Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var nlemfuensis) and Callie Hybrid Bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers Tifton 44 X Callie], may offer alternatives to commercially available cultivars, due to their high forage production, persist­ence, cold tolerance and better nutritive value (Mislevy et al., 1981 and Brown, 1986). Little is known, however, of animal performance on these grasses under grazing. The objective of the study was …

Effects Of Grazing Sainfoin Stubble Fields And Adding With Green Hay On Grass-Lamb Fattening, Fu Yikun, Jia Dujing, Li Guangdi, Dang Bo, Wen Shangwen, Xu Changlin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With its fast turnover, low cost and high nutrition, lamb pro­duction has been developing an important industry of seasonal animal husbandry recently in China. The way of taking lambs from pastoral area and then fattened in farming area is con­sidered to be most effective for lambs can make good use of feeds and climate resources in both farming and pastoral areas. The effects of grazing sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) stubble fields and adding with green hay on two types of lamb fattening were studied by means of measuring live-weight gains, meat quality and carcass output during 1986-1987, and the …

Efficiency Of Grazing On Growth And Nutrient Intake Of Dairy Heifers, M Okamoto, I Iketaki, N Hasegawa, N Yoshida

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing has traditionally been recognized as one of the most important labor-saving means in which herbage can be utilized more economically. However, in Japan, the practice of grazing is declining due to improved farm management - more animals per farm, greater harvest yield per area and higher production performance. Grazing animals tend to be healthier and more productive than animals kept in confinement. In addition, feed cost of raising dairy heifers on high pasture system is reduced by more than 50 % relative to the conventional (dry lot) system and to 65 % when the cost oflabor and facilities are …

Management Systems For Growing Fattening Bovine Cattle In Coast Cross Bermudagrass No.1 Without Irrigation, G Vales, A Molina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four experiments were carried out to establish an intensive non-irrigated system with Holstein male calves in coast cross bermuda grass No. 1 (Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast cross 1). Two grazing methods were evaluated. These were : segregating the area for pasture conservation in the rainy season and N fertiliz­ation including the strategy of application combined with different stocking rates.

Beef Production In Guineagrass Pastures With Nitrogen Or Legumes, V Favoretto, L.R. De A. Rodrigues, A G. Chiarello, A.A M. Sampaio, P F. Vieira, E B. Malheiros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Beef production in Brazil is based on the high dry-matter production of tropical grasses, but yields are not always satis­factory. Nitrogen fertilization results in linear increases of dry­matter production (Gomide et al., 1984) and also in the live­weight-gain (LWG) of the animals (Addison et al., 1985). How­ever, due to the high cost of fertilizers, the utilization of grass pastures associated to herbaceous or shrub legumes may be an economic way to increase animal production. The aim of this work was to study the availability of dry-matter and the L WG of steers in Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures fertilized with …

Performance Of Three Beef Cow Genotypes When Grazing Sown Pasture At Two Sward Heights, I A. Wright, J R. Jones, T J. Maxwell, A.J F. Russel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In grassland based systems of animal production, it is important to choose a genotype of animal with production characteristics appropriate to the level of nutrition which can be supplied by the available resources. It is generally recognised that the most economically efficient beef cow systems are those that allow the cows to increase levels of body fat when feed is plentiful or cheap (eg. summer grazing in N. Europe) and to draw on those reserves during periods of feed scarcity or when feed is expensive (eg. winter) (Russel and Broadbent, 1985). The ability of cows to increase body reserves during …

Effect Of Acremonium Coenophialum Infected Festuca Arundinacea On Cow-Calf Production, J C. Waller, J B. Mclaren, H A. Fribourg, A B. Chestnut, D G. Keltner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the predominant forage available to beef cattle producers in the transition zone of the eastern US. The presence of the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jone & Garns has been associated with reduced animal performance that results in substantial economic loss to producers (Bacon and Siegel, 1988; Bush and Burrus, 1988; Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988). Cattle producers have used N fertilization to increase productivity of fescue pastures. Renovation of fescue pastures with legumes has been a method of improving pasture quality and the performance of animals grazing those pasture (McLaren et al., 1983).

Soil Fertility And Beef Production In The Semi-Arid Sub-Tropics, P C. Kerridge, R W. Mclean

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two-thirds of the grazing lands in Queensland are on infer­tile soils, low in organic matter, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) (Weston et al., 1981). Pasture quality is low and average liveweight gain (L WG) of steers on these soils ranges from 0.10 to 0.30 kg/day compared to 0.40 to 0.50 kg/day on more fertile soils. Low herbage production limits carrying capacity to 3-10 ha/animal. The nutritive value can be improved by (i) direct supplementation of animals with N and P, (ii) introduction of a legume together with fertilizer and/or supplement P or (iii) use of heavily fertilized improved grasses ± …

Animal Perforamnce On Dwarf Elephantgrass And Rhizoma Peanut Pastures, L E. Sollenberger, C S. Jones Jr, G M. Prine

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture systems in the southeastern U.S. are based on peren­nial warm-season grasses, but forage quality of these species is often low during mid-summer through early fall. Two peren­nial forages that were recently released in Florida, 'Mott' dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ; Sollenberger et al., 1988b) and the legume 'Florigraze' rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth. ; Prine et al., 1981), have potential to provide herbage of high quality during May through October. Grazing trials were conducted to determine steer ( Bos spp.) average daily gain (ADG), carrying capacity (CC), and gain ha-1 on Mott and Flozigraze, and to compare these …

Influence Of Forage Availability On Growth And Reproduction Of Brahman-Hereford (F-1) Females Grazing Humid Pastures And Semi-Arid Rangelands, J W. Holloway, F M. Rouquette Jr, C R. Long, M K. Owens, B G. Warrington, A D. Chamrad, J F. Baker, D W. Forrest

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Relationship of forage availability, animal growth, and reproduction have been studied in both humid "improved" pastures (Adje et al., 1980; Guerrero et al., 1984; Bransby et al., 1988) and semi-arid "native" rangelands (Hart, 1972, 1978) but no study has been reported in which the two ecosystems hav�� b��en compared in terms of these relationships. Forage ava1lab1hty 1s one of the primary variables that can be easily controlled by cattle producers and thus the relationship to per­formance and reproduction is of fundamental importance. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the patterns of relationship between forage availability and animal …

Forage Management System For Lean Beef Production: Nitrogen Rate On Pasture And Roughage Level In Feedlot, F M. Rouquette Jr, L R. Nelson, D P. Hutcheson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fertilizer rates have long been shown to increase forage dry matter production and growth promoting implants have been shown to increase live weight gains during either the stocker or feeder phase. There has been little evidence, however, to ascer­tain the influence of pasture-animal management systems on subsequent feedlot performance. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the influence of rate of fertilizer nitrogen and Zeranol implant on gain per animal and gain per acre ; and (2) determine the influence of previous pasture treat­ment on feedlot performance from two levels of roughage.

Long-Term Productivity Of Legumes-Based And Pure Grass Pastures In The Eastern Plains Of Colombia, C Lascano, J Estrada

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The savannas of Colombia have acid soils of low fertility, a well defined dry season and an herbaceous native vegetation of low nutritional value (Lascano and Spain, 1986). As a conse­quence, traditional livestock production is extensive and of low productivity in terms of animal growth and reproduction (Vera and Sere, 1985). An economically attractive alternative to increase cattle production in the savannas of Colombia is through the use of legume-based pastures, provided they are productive and persistent (Nores and Estrada, 1979). This paper presents results on animal production and forage attnbutes of a long-term grazing experiment which includes a grass …

Animal Production Of Pastures Based On Centrosema Spp. In The Eastern Plains Of Colombia, C Lascano, J Estrada, P Avila

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lack of adaptation of commercial grass and legume cultivars to biotic and edaphic constraints prevailing in tropical American savannas has been partially responsible for failures in the development of improved pastures in these areas (Toledo, 1985). As a result, the Tropical Pastures Program of CIAT has taken responsibility to collect and select forage germplasm with adaptation to acid soils of low natural fertility. Within the Centrosema genus promising acid soil tolerant species have been identified, such as C. macrocarpum (Schultze­Kraft et al., 1985), C. acutifolium (Schultze-Kraft et al., 1987) and C. brasiliarum (Schultze-Kraft and Benavides, 1988). A grazing experiment was …

Removing Limitations To Cattle Production In The Semi-Arid Tropics, W H. Winter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cattle production on tropical tallgrass pastures of north­west Australia is limited by the poor quality of the forage. Sodium levels are inadequate throughout the year and N, P and S concentrations are below critical values for good animal growth after the first 4-6 weeks of the wet season. Thus, stock­ing rates and liveweight gains are low ( < 50 kg/annum) despite 18-26 weeks of pasture growth (McCown, 1982).This paper reports the results of 3 experiments which use different options to improve cattle production in this region.

Aspects Of Reseeding Old Permanent Pasture, N Culleton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland occupies some 89 % of the arable land in Ireland (anon., 1984) and of this approximately only 3 % is reseeded annually. Many permanent pastures have poor botanical com­position. Frame and Tiley (1988) pointed out that quantity and quality of secondary grass species are inferior to Lolium perenne. Nonetheless, there is evidence that permanent pastures have high animal production potential and that the large responses to reseeding in the first harvest year are rapidly lost (Wilkins et al., 1987). This paper compares new and old pastures under grazing and silage regimes.

The Use Of Improved Pastures By Grazing Dairy Cows For Economic Milk Production In Thailand, C Lekchom, K Witayanuparpyunyong, P Sukpituksakul, B R. Watkin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dairy farming is a relatively new agricultural industry in Thailand and has shown a rapid and dramatic development over the past decade. During this period dairy cattle numbers have trebled (from approx. 20,000 to 60,000) and the number of dairy farmers has quadrupled (approx. 2,000 to 8,000). With the present positive support from the Government this explos­ive development is likely to continue. While the price of milk paid to the farmers over this period had been good there has, nevertheless, been a substantial increase in the variable on-farm costs of production which is squeezing the farmer profit margin significantly and …

Some Factors Affecting Herbage Intake Of High Yielding Dairy Cows At Grazing, J L. Peyraud, E A. Comeron, M H. Wade

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A program of research has been started at INRA Rennes which has the objective of optimising herbage utilisation and the supplementation at grazing of high yielding dairy cows through the study of the plant-animal interface. This will be achieved by quantifying the animal and plant factors which affect herbage intake in the field. The results presented here were obtained in a trial carried out in spring 1988 to study the effects of level of milk production, herbage allowance and system of grazing (strip grazing and paddock) upon herbage intake. These data are complemented by a study of the dynamics of …

Contribution Of The Study Of Tropical Pasture Management For Intensive Milk Production, Irma Jerez, M Menchaca, H Jordan, T R. Garcia, Lidia Gonzalez, M Sosa, E De La Rosa, J L. Rivero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production in Cuba has been increased and this was possible by the increasing introduction of the Holstein breed and its crosses with Zebu. At the same time, this augmented the need for developing a feeding base satisfying the increasing demand of nutrients. A series of experiments to evaluate new pasture species, intensive pasture management and concentrate supplemen­tation to increase animal productivity per unit area was carried out.

Integrating Forage Maize With Pasture Legumes For Efficient Dairy Production In South Eastern Australia, K E. Pritchard, W K. Mason, C R. Stockdale, J B. Moran

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In south eastern Australia, the mild climate permits year­round grazing for 1.5 million dairy cows which results in a low production cost for milk. More than 1 million hectares of annual and perennial pastures are irrigated to supplement rain­fall of 300-500 mm/ annum, for dairy, beef and sheep pro­duction. Animal production from the present system of grazing pasture is limited by the inefficient conversion of solar radiation achieved by temperate pasture species ; seasonal variation in quantity and quality of pasture forage ; by poor utilization of pasture ; and by the low quality of grass-dominant pasture. The Kyabram Research …

New Grazing Animal Production System In Japan, H Kobayashi, K Ochiai, S Shioya, Y Togamura, T Ami, N Harashima, K Sato, M Nashiki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The amount of animal production from pasture by conven­tional grazing system in Japan stays at low level as 300 kg body weight gain of steers per hectare in one grazing period. This is supposedly caused by the following problems concerning graz­ing in Japan ; cold or hot temperature, rainy season, steep slope pasture, low fertilizer application, sharp seasonal fluctuation of grass production (spring flush, summer depression), faulty warm-up grazing, lots of blood-sucking insects and diseases (piroplasmosis, pneumonia etc.). Settling these problems, we have developed a new short rot­ational grazing system to get three times animal production (1,000 kg body weight …

Determination Of The Number Of Paddocks Necessary For The Rotation Of Grazing Dairy Cows, A Senra, J Ugarte, M A. Menchaca, J Galindo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Great importance in the grassland management has been given to the paddock system, since it allows animal rotation. However, fencing costs must be minimal without affecting ani­mal or pasture performance. Thus, it is necessary to obtain results that can be applied to a wider range of grasslands, tak­ing into consideration that each pasture could show a different performance. The objective of this study was aimed to deter­mine the minimum number of paddocks necessary for grazing dairy cows with pastures of greater and lesser aggressiveness.

Production And Utilization Of High-Quality Cold-Hardy Forages, D W. Koch, C Kercher, D Agee, R Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing is generally the least expensive method of forage utilization ; however, in temperate climates the growing season is relatively short and perennial forages are at peak nutritive value for a relatively short time. Brassica spp. have several characteristics which make them prime candidates for extending the grazing season : (1) they mature rapidly (Guillard and Allinson, 1984); (2) they are frost tolerant and maintain high nutrient value well during cold weather (Jung et al., 1984); and (3) they can be established with minimum tillage techniques (Jung et al., 1984; Koch et al., 1987). The purpose of this study was …

Multispecies Grazing Systems In Iowa, Midwestern Usa, W F. Wedin, M A. Sanderson, C Ohlsonn, D G. Morrical

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Combining species of grazing animals such as cattle and sheep into appropriate grazing systems may help producers to use grazing land resources more efficiently (Heinemann, 1970 ;Van Keuren and Parker, 1967: Winrock, 1985). Earlier pasture research on lands unsuited for row-crop production has shown that renovation to incorporate a pasture legume has been very beneficial (Wedin et al., 1967). Yet, grazing manage­ment has lagged behind legume incorporation and fertilization (Wedin, 1985). Practices used in animal management must be taken into account in new grazing systems. In midwestern USA, producers commonly buy stocker steers in spring to take advantage of ample, …

Implications Of Grazing Experiments Which Employ Only One Grazing Level Per Treatment, David I. Bransby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stocking rate is one of the most powerful driving variables in grazing ecosystems, but its influence on animal production is mediated through effects on pasture sward state, and associated effects on quantity and quality of forage consumed by animals. Consequently, confounding important sward state char­acteristics with treatments in grazing experiments will often mask treatment effects and lead to erroneous conclusions. While this problem has generally been recognized (e.g. Mott and Lucas, 1952; Wheeler et al. 1973 ; Hodgson, 1985), attempts to overcome it appear to be less than satisfactory. The aim of this paper is to discuss methods of stocking …

A Standard Livestock Unit (Slu) For Defining Stocking Rate In Grazing Studies, D J. Minson, P C. Whiteman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The weight of animals and hence their intakes vary between grazing experiments and at different stages of the same study but the results are often presented as though these differences do not affect grazing pressure (Roberts, 1980). Thus we have sheep/ha and cattle/ha, with no indication of the effects that differences in intake and hence grazing pressure might have on the pasture/animal interaction. Pastures are utilized by different classes of stock and there is a need to have a common basis for comparing their productivity. These problems would be over­come by the use of a Standard Livestock Unit (SLU).

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial And Wound Healing Activities Of Jatropha Podagrica Extracts, Reawfang Sriyom, Arunporn Itharat, Onmanee Prajuabjinda, Sumalee Panthong, Pakakrong Thongdeeying, Metar Siriwattanasathorn, Maneewan Panthong, Neal M. Davies

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Jatropha podagrica has been traditionally used to treat skin infections and promote wound healing. However, there is currently no scientific research validating its antimicrobial or wound-healing properties.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and wound-healing activities of various extracts from all parts of J. podagrica, using different solvents. In addition, the chemical composition of the most effective extract was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

Materials and Methods: The leaves, stem, and root of J. podagrica were extracted using hexane, 95% ethanol, ethanol-soluble hexane residue, and aqueous decoction. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were assessed …

Development Of Edible Coatings To Enhance The Functional Properties And Shelf Life Of Food, Sophie O Riordan, Lily Jaiswal, Shiv Shankar

Level 3

No abstract provided.