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The Effect Of Management On Floristic Composition And Production On Species-Rich Hay Meadows, A Garcia, I Navascues Jun 2025

The Effect Of Management On Floristic Composition And Production On Species-Rich Hay Meadows, A Garcia, I Navascues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The old viewpoint that man and his influences are harmful to nature conservation has been proved that it is not necessa­rilly so. This fact is especially true in the species-rich hay meadow communities of Northern Spain. These old meadows can be defined by their traditional management which have not change for centuries and variety of plants and animals they have. These communities were originated by the first inhabit­ants who cleared the woodlands and could not be able to exist without the influence of man. Traditional management varies in detail throughout the area depending of the landowner, annual variation in climate …

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Evaluation On Vegetation And Forage Plant Resources In Tan Sheep Distributing Area, Chen Yi E Jun 2025

Evaluation On Vegetation And Forage Plant Resources In Tan Sheep Distributing Area, Chen Yi E

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tan sheep, a Mongolian sheep branch, famous for its fur products, is a fine variety distributed in northwestern China. It has a narrow eco-adaptation range concentrated in Ningsia Autonomous and the neighbouring regions. The special genetic characters and the position in sheep feeding of Tan sheep have long been attracting both Chinese and foreign animal husban­drists and ecologists to study. The genetic and distribution characters concerned with fur product quality have been reviewed by Cui et al. (1962), Li (1964), Shen and Di (1979). This paper deals mainly with the distinction of vegetation type and characters of forage plant resources …

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Determination Of The Forage Yield And Quality Of Native Hay At 3 Different Growth Stages At Syangboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel Jun 2025

Determination Of The Forage Yield And Quality Of Native Hay At 3 Different Growth Stages At Syangboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Syangboche Yak Farm is situated within the Sagarma­tha National Park in the district of Solukhumbu, eastern Nepal. The farm comprises 7 pasture areas stituated at different locations ranging from 3700 m. to 5700 m. The total farm area is 900 ha. and the pastures, situated at different heights, are used for grazing during specific periods of the month extending throughout the year. The size of the pastures varies from 15 to 250 ha. About 80 yaks pass their winters from November to May every year on a small pasture area of 15 ha at the farm proper at 3700 …

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The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin Jun 2025

The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are vast zones of Leymus chinense grassland which are the type of grassland with high yield and good quality in Inner Mongolia and North-East of China. Since 1960's because of the overuse of the land and other natural factors this excellent grassland suffered from deterioration differently. The further development of animal husbandry was directly influenced. In order to prevent grassland deterioration, a series of techniques in renewing the grassland have been found out with notable economical results.

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Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson Jun 2025

Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Iceland cool oceanic climate prevails, as the geographic location extends from the polar circle to three degrees latitude to the south and the island is warmed by a branch of the Gulf stream. Animal production is the main agricultural activity and it relies on good conditions for grass growth. In the following we sumarize some recent experimental results on the pro­duction of herbage in Iceland.

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Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong Jun 2025

Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The alpine areas in Yunnan (alt. > 3 000 m) amount to about 10 % of the total land area in the province. (He et al., 1982) The main crops in this area are potatoes, oats and barley. The potential for livestock production is far greater than that for crop production, but steep slopes are cropped and erosion is an increasing problem. The pressure on the land from greater stock numbers grazing common land is leading to over grazing caused dominance by less palatable species, limited seeding and recruitment and severe seasonal shortages of quality feed. The native vegetation (once coniferous …

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Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann Jun 2025

Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To become agriculturally self sufficient in the shortest poss­ible time many agricultural projects in African countries sought increased production as the only priority and disregarded sustainability. As limits to land productivity are set by soil, cli­mate and applied inputs there are critical levels of animal and human populations which can be supported. Lack of understanding of the potential land productivity and human and animal support capacity has resulted in inappropri­ate land use and development targets. In order to be able to predict the agricultural future of Africa to the year 2.000 F AO (1976) began the Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) project …

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The Study Of Different Vegetations In Both East And West Sides Of Big Xingan Mountains Middle Section, Shao Cheng Wei, Chun-He Zhang, Guo-Jun Fend Jun 2025

The Study Of Different Vegetations In Both East And West Sides Of Big Xingan Mountains Middle Section, Shao Cheng Wei, Chun-He Zhang, Guo-Jun Fend

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Big Xingan Mountains (BXM), which run from northeast to south-west with an elevation of 1,000-1,900 metres, on a total length of 1,300 kilometres, are situated in the northeast of China. The mountains can be divided into three parts according to their vegetation. The north part is forests, and the middle and south parts are forest steppe. About these areas, only a little research was done (Shao-cheng et al., 1985). Therefore, the basic theory study of grassland ecology and range science has been carried out in this paper in order to supply the basis for animal husbandry production.

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Forest Glade Grassland Resources And Their Evaluation On The Daonganling Forest Region, An Baolin Jun 2025

Forest Glade Grassland Resources And Their Evaluation On The Daonganling Forest Region, An Baolin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Daxinganling is a greatest original coniferous forest region of cool temperate zone in north-east of China. We discovered cross distributive forest glade grassland, they can be used as forage for developing animal husbandry.

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New Vegetation Map And Grassland Resource Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, Cui Haiting, Young Shipeng, Li Bo Jun 2025

New Vegetation Map And Grassland Resource Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, Cui Haiting, Young Shipeng, Li Bo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Inner Mon��olia autonomous region covers a total area of 1.15 million km . It has 80 million hectares of natural grass­ land which makes up 68 .41 % of the whole autonomous region. It is an important base of animal husbandry in our country. This new map (on the scale of 1:1,500,000) is based on data provided by visual interpretation of LANDSAT MSS, TM, RBV imageries and collection in field surveys. This map is one of the series maps which reflect different natural conditions of Inner Mongolia. The other maps are also made mainly through LANDSAT imagery visual interpretation. …

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Classification, Improvement And Use Of Low Mountain And Hill Grassland In Changbai Mountain System, Gao Zhongqi Jun 2025

Classification, Improvement And Use Of Low Mountain And Hill Grassland In Changbai Mountain System, Gao Zhongqi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climate, soil and distribution of animal and plants display clear « Vertical zone» nature in the area of Changbai Mountains. Various types of grassland are distributed under the elevation of 500 metres in the area. The grasslands should be improved and their productivity needs to increase.

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A Study Of Surface Water Resources And Grassland Environment In The Inner Mongolia With Remotely Sensed Method, Chen Qinluan, Xiang Jiangbo, Wang Huihui, Pan Tao Jun 2025

A Study Of Surface Water Resources And Grassland Environment In The Inner Mongolia With Remotely Sensed Method, Chen Qinluan, Xiang Jiangbo, Wang Huihui, Pan Tao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The characteristics of runoff yield in the soil surface of a drainage basin and the distribution of surface water resources in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been studied in detail with remote sensing in recent years. This study aims at offering some scientific evidences to adjust the structure ofland use in the cross-area of agriculture and animal husbandry and more reasonably to locate the bases for agriculture and husbandry.

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Using Landsat Images For Grassland Mapping In The Inner-Mongolia Of China, Mao Zan-You Jun 2025

Using Landsat Images For Grassland Mapping In The Inner-Mongolia Of China, Mao Zan-You

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are about 900 000 km2 grassland in Inner-Mongolia including meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe. It is the major basis of herbivorous animal products - beef, mutton, milk and leather (Fig. 1). Grassland research had been made many times in Inner­Mongolia region. Because the area is so vast that it needs ten more years to accomplish a general survey of grassland only applying satellite data can supply the macroscopic thematic maps for basic construction of grassland in shorter time. Besides supplying feed to the animals, the grassland has the important action for the improvement of regional environ­ment, water …

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The Optimum Structure Of Forage Production On Stock-Farm In Gora (Poland), M Sc Zuzanna Sawicka Jun 2025

The Optimum Structure Of Forage Production On Stock-Farm In Gora (Poland), M Sc Zuzanna Sawicka

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The main reason for undertaking this work is the decrease of cattle on stock-farms in Poland. This situation results from inappropriate structures of forage production and economic policies in agriculture. The stock-farm in Gora, situated in the center of Poland, is a middle classe farm, representing the above-mentioned problems. In many aspects, forage from grassland ought to be a dominant source of livestock feed, especially with regard to considerations of animal hygiene and organization of production. This work presents results of investigations on the optimum structure of forage production and economic aspects of profitable cattle breeding on a stock­farm in …

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The Role Of Goats In New Zealand Hill Country Farming, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert Jun 2025

The Role Of Goats In New Zealand Hill Country Farming, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The predominant domesticated ruminants in New Zealand are sheep and cattle. However in the last decade other animal species have been incorporated into farming systems, particu­larly goats which have increased from 10 thousand to 1 million over that time. The motives for this change have primarily been economic ones, in an attempt by farmers to increase income and reduce costs. Goats provide direct financial returns to hill farmers through sale of fibre (mohair, cashgora, cashmere) and meat. In many instances however, the motivation has been one of reduction of weed control costs. Aspects of weed control, pasture response and grazing …

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Forage Management: A Diagnosis Method, M Duru, J L. Fiorelli, S Lardon, J C. Moreau, P L. Osty Jun 2025

Forage Management: A Diagnosis Method, M Duru, J L. Fiorelli, S Lardon, J C. Moreau, P L. Osty

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On commercial farms, grazing and forage stock management is especially complex because of the great number of variables that have to be controlled (animal performances, resource stocks ... ), of their inter-relationships and of weather perturba­tions. Our investigations consist in considering in which way and under which constraints farmers may ajust their forage resources, both in quantity and quality, to achieve desired ani­mal performances. Therefore, it is very important to propose decision rules adapted to real farm conditions and control procedures to carry out these decisions during the year. For continuous stocking, it was suggested to describe the sward in …

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Elements Pour Une Strategie D'Amenagement Et De Gestion: Exemple De La Problematique Pastorale Du Ferlo Senegalais (Sahel), J Poissonet, I Toure Jun 2025

Elements Pour Une Strategie D'Amenagement Et De Gestion: Exemple De La Problematique Pastorale Du Ferlo Senegalais (Sahel), J Poissonet, I Toure

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La communaute rurale de Labgar, au nord du departement de Linguere, couvre 70 000 hectares. Trois ethnies coexistent au sein de cette communaute: !es Maures qui vivaient de la chasse et ne pratiquent plus que l'ele­vage; !es Ouolofs qui pratiquent principalement !'agriculture et accessoirement l'elevage; !es Peulhs qui constituent la majorite de la population et vivent essentiellement de l'elevage. Ces populations vivent dans une region ecologique « margi­nale » particulierement vulnerable: deficits de pluies frequents; potentiels fourragers, agricoles et hydriques fluctuants, contraintes multiples affectant !es populations humaines, le cheptel et la vegetation. De nombreuses enquetes socio-economiques ont ete menees aupres …

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Modeling Plant Species Competition In Conjunction With Selective Grazing, O J. Loewer, C P. West, L D. Parsch, H D. Scott Jun 2025

Modeling Plant Species Competition In Conjunction With Selective Grazing, O J. Loewer, C P. West, L D. Parsch, H D. Scott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The dynamic simulation model GRAZE (Loewer et al., 1987) incorporates plant and beef animal growth in describing the grazing process. GRAZE had its beginnings at the University of Kentucky in 1976 (Walker et al., 1977; Loewer et al., 1981 ; Loewer and Smith, 1986) and was further developed through three regional research projects (Watson and Wells, 1985). Currently, it is being utilized and enhanced by the regional research project S-221 : Development of Profitable Beef-Forage Production Systems for the Southern Region, in part because of its utility in providing biophysical input-output relationships for purposes of economic analysis (Parsch and Loewer, …

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A Methodology For Combining Field Data, Experimental Research And Modelling In The Development Of Grassland Systems, E S. Kristensen, J T. Sorensen Jun 2025

A Methodology For Combining Field Data, Experimental Research And Modelling In The Development Of Grassland Systems, E S. Kristensen, J T. Sorensen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal production from grassland is a complex process involving man as well as animals and plants which interact in a changing environment. The production can be considered as two interacting systems, a management and a production sys­tem as shown in Figure I. The manager monitors the pro­duction, compares this information with goals and if necessary makes adjustments in inputs in order to achieve the goals. The complexity of this process is of course dependent on the number of controlled factors. Beef production based on purchased young bulls fed entirely on pasture without conser­vation is, for example, much simpler to manage …

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The Characteristics Of The Bovine Dual Purpose Production System In Guatemala, G Cubillos, E Urizar, A Arimany Jun 2025

The Characteristics Of The Bovine Dual Purpose Production System In Guatemala, G Cubillos, E Urizar, A Arimany

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The characterization of the to the production system of is a basic step within a system approach to identification of endogenous and exogenous constraints. From that knowledge applied research may be conducted or technological innovations be proposed to be tested and validated at a recommendation domain level. In the coastal area of Guatemala, Central America, several agrarian reform areas of different sizes have been established ranging from 1353 ha for the parcelamiento Santa Isabel t�� 39800 ha for the parcelamiento Nueva Concepcion. The total farm area varies from 15 to 20 ha and a typical tropical dual purpose bovine production …

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Changes In Grassland Farming In Japan, S Shibuya Jun 2025

Changes In Grassland Farming In Japan, S Shibuya

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Recently there has been a tremendous change in animal pro­duction systems in Japan, with increasing consumption of con­centrate feeds. The numbers of swine and poultry which con­sume concentrate feeds are increasing and concentrates are also given to herbivorous animals, mainly cattle, not only to finish­ing beef cattle but also to dairy cattle and breeding beef cows. The number of sheep and goats has decreased to less than ten thousand altogether, and is not likely to increase in future, as in such a densely populated country as Japan land use must be intensive. Table 1 shows the situation of present animal …

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Planning Seasonal Forage Strategies In Dairy Farms A Linear Programming Approach, G Pichard, J Ortega, R Cussen Jun 2025

Planning Seasonal Forage Strategies In Dairy Farms A Linear Programming Approach, G Pichard, J Ortega, R Cussen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritional requirement of any dairy herd varies along the year according mainly with the liveweight and the physio­logical stages of the animals. Similarily the grasslands and for­age crops have specific and characteristic seasonal behaviour, both in terms of growth rate and nutritional quality. This situ­ation is very dynamic and may become difficult to handle when several alternatives of forage species have to be combined in order to meet the animal requirements. In the humid temperate regions in Chile, most of the forage production in permanent grasslands occurs in spring because of the extreme drought during summer and low temperature-high …

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Plant-Animal Associations In The Cereal Semi-Arid Zones Of Morocco, M Derkaoui Jun 2025

Plant-Animal Associations In The Cereal Semi-Arid Zones Of Morocco, M Derkaoui

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Relationships existing between cropping systems and live­stock production provide the basis for technical and socio­economic decisions in agricultural enterprises. Primov et al. (1987) reported that livestock was an integral part of crop pro­duction strategies in Abda plains of Morocco. A nation wide survey indicated that grain cereals and livestock production contributed equally to total agriculture output and 41.2 % of energy required by animals came from cereal grain and by­products; bran, straw, and stubble (Amine and Rami, 1986). Characterization of production systems for both crops and livestock and their associations was the objective of this study.

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The Use Of Models Of Sheep And Cattle Production Systems To Aid On-Farm Decision Making In Southern Australia, D H. White, K M. Weber Jun 2025

The Use Of Models Of Sheep And Cattle Production Systems To Aid On-Farm Decision Making In Southern Australia, D H. White, K M. Weber

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The management of grazing sheep and cattle in south-eastern Australia is confounded by the diversity between years in the annual pattern of pasture growth. Currently, the way in which a farm manager budgets or apportions pasture to the grazing animals is markedly influenced by personal experience of pre­vious patterns of both pasture growth and animal response. This influence is usually heavily biased towards those enviromental conditions most recently experienced by the man­ager. The many deficiencies in this style of managing grazing systems have motivated scientists to investigate ways of supplementing this subjective « mental model » with a more quantitative …

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An Evaluation Of Fixed Versus Variable Rotational Grazing Under Weather Uncertainty Using Simulation, L D. Parsch, W M. Watts, O J. Loewer Jun 2025

An Evaluation Of Fixed Versus Variable Rotational Grazing Under Weather Uncertainty Using Simulation, L D. Parsch, W M. Watts, O J. Loewer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three characteristics which identify a rotational grazing sys­tem and which distinguish one rotation from another are (a) the number of paddocks or cells into which the entire pasture area is divided, (b) the scheduled grazing period or amount of time the livestock will graze on a paddock before being moved, and (c) whether the rotation is fixed or variable. With a fixed rotation, the scheduled grazing period per paddock movement is strictly adhered to whereas with a variable rotation, paddock-to-paddock movement deviates from the scheduled sequence according to some specified criterion such as minimum herbage availability. The distinction between a …

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Forage Legumes As A Component Of Smallholder Rice Farming Systems - A Case Study, U R. Sangakkara Jun 2025

Forage Legumes As A Component Of Smallholder Rice Farming Systems - A Case Study, U R. Sangakkara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The smallholder rice farmers of southern Asia can be classi­fied as ones having small extents of cropping land, where ruminants are kept to provide farm power (Ranjhan, 1985). The majority of these farmers have 2-3 heads of cat­tle/buffaloes. The greatest demand of ruminant fodder in the developing countries of Asia is seen to be in the smallholder cropping sec­tor (Remenyi and Mc William, 1985), primarily due to the high concentration of animals and reduced land availability for fod­der production. Thus, studies (e.g. Gutteridge, 1983) show the feasibility of using fallow periods in rice culture for fodder pro­duction. As similar studies …

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Grassland Farming Systems In South China, S R. Zhou Jun 2025

Grassland Farming Systems In South China, S R. Zhou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

South China lies between 15° and 30° northern latitude and 100° -125° eastern longitude in the subtropical zone. It is the chief grain or economic crops growing area of China. Most farmers are not accustomed to forage crop cultivation. Animal husbandry is limited owing to fodder problems. Since 1972-1974 and 1981-1987, the research works on grassland farming systems have been carried out in order to develop a suitable grassland agriculture in South China.

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Comparison Of Meat Performance Of Lambs Kept On Pastures And Intensively Fed On Pastures As Well As In Fattening Units, S Kukovics, T Schuszter, Cs Lanyi Jun 2025

Comparison Of Meat Performance Of Lambs Kept On Pastures And Intensively Fed On Pastures As Well As In Fattening Units, S Kukovics, T Schuszter, Cs Lanyi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hungary is an exporting country in lambs which go for export either live or slaughtered. The majority of lambs are intensively fattened before slaughter or before live export. In the fattening pens (group fatting), a mixture of pelleted feed is offered ad libitum, but, in many cases, hay and/or straw are also fed. This feeding technology involves significant costs ; therefore, the testing of various fattening methods have been aimed at. Besides, we wished to study the fattening performance of imported Corriedale and Romney sheep, by using New-Zeal­and as well as Hungarian methods.

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Animal Production Evaluation Of New Herbage Varieties, J.M M. Munro, D A. Davies Jun 2025

Animal Production Evaluation Of New Herbage Varieties, J.M M. Munro, D A. Davies

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although it is now universally accepted that animal perform­ance is the ultimate test of any grassland innovation, few herb­age varieties have been evaluated in terms of meat, milk or fibre production. Over the last decade, however, several large grazing trials with beef cattle or sheep have been carried out at Aberystwyth (Munro and Walters, 1986). These have mainly involved prom­ising new Station ryegrass varieties (Lolium spp.) which have completed preliminary screening for yield, persistence and feed quality. In the first trial, comparing two perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) and two cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) varieties, steers on Mascot ryegrass …

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Forward Rotational Grazing On Digitaria Decumbens Pasture With Weaned Female Creole Goats In Guadeloupe, G Alexandre, H Baudot, P Cruz, S Prache Jun 2025

Forward Rotational Grazing On Digitaria Decumbens Pasture With Weaned Female Creole Goats In Guadeloupe, G Alexandre, H Baudot, P Cruz, S Prache

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tropical herbage production regulation, obtained through fertilisation and irrigation, doesn't solve the problem of the low nutritive value and the low level of voluntary intake of this herbage. These problems are particulary important with young growing animals regarding to their low ingestive capacity and their high growth requirements. Different pasture management systems have been tested in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) in order to propose a better utilization of tropical pastures.

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