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Salivary Gland Stromal Heterogeneity And Epithelial Controls, Nicholas L. Moskwa Jan 2022

Salivary Gland Stromal Heterogeneity And Epithelial Controls, Nicholas L. Moskwa

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Organogenesis is the process organs go through where cellular communications coordinate all a developing organ needs. What organs need are more cells, in the right place, doing the right job. In the salivary gland, we know that stromal cells are important for organogenesis and that they coordinate the epithelium’s form and functions. However, specific stromal contributions have focused on epithelial quantity and placement. There is less information about how the stroma directs the epithelium towards certain functions. Here we used organoids as a model for understanding what stromal signaling directs epithelial cell fate. We found that stromal cell state is …

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Neural Correlates And Neuroanatomy Of Juvenile And Adult Contextual Fear Memory Retention, Natalie Odynocki Jan 2022

Neural Correlates And Neuroanatomy Of Juvenile And Adult Contextual Fear Memory Retention, Natalie Odynocki

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

AbstractFear is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that allows an organism to discern potential harm and act accordingly by engaging in defensive behaviors. While fear is an adaptive response, dysregulation of fear by means of a traumatic event can lead to psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Animal research using rodents in Pavlovian context fear conditioning experiments allows for the ability to study the underlying neural circuitry of threat-appropriate and aberrant fear learning and memory that may contribute to PTSD. However, despite reports that women are more than two times more likely to develop PTSD compared to men, the …

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Evaluation Of Aquatic Plant Survey Methods For Efficacy In Invasive Species Detection, Izaac Cooper Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Aquatic Plant Survey Methods For Efficacy In Invasive Species Detection, Izaac Cooper

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Aquatic invasive plants can often be ecologically devastating to ecosystems where they are introduced. This devastation has been widely apparent in the United States, including many locations in New York State over many decades, following anthropogenic transport of species from their native ranges. Due to the difficulty involved in eradicating these plants once they have become fully established, there is keen interest in strategies for early detection to assist with prevention and monitoring to mitigate future management costs. Invasive species detection research aims to find methods for detecting new invaders more effectively. I evaluated three detection methods for their effectiveness …

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Mechanisms By Which Protective Human Outer Surface Protein A Antibodies Block Transmission Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Amber M. Frye Jan 2022

Mechanisms By Which Protective Human Outer Surface Protein A Antibodies Block Transmission Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Amber M. Frye

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) is the causative agent of Lyme disease in the United States and Europe, which remains a major threat to public health. While currently no human Lyme disease vaccine is available, a previously licensed OspA-based vaccine was shown to effectively prevent transmission of B. burgdorferi from ticks to mammalian hosts. Concerning the vaccines mechanism of action, OspA antibodies enter the bloodmeal of a feeding tick and engage with B. burgdorferi producing OspA on their outer surface in a manner that impairs migration of the spirochete to the host; however exact antibody-spirochete interaction is unknown, despite the importance …

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Mechanisms Underlying Pre- And Postnatal Development Of The Mouse Vomeronasal Organ, Raghu Ram Katreddi Jan 2022

Mechanisms Underlying Pre- And Postnatal Development Of The Mouse Vomeronasal Organ, Raghu Ram Katreddi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a specialized olfactory sensory organ located in the ventral region of the nasal cavity in rodents. The vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) of rodents is composed of 2 major types of vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs): 1) VSNs distributed in the apical VNE regions that express vomeronasal type-1 receptors (V1Rs) and the G protein subunit Gi2, and 2) VSNs in the basal territories of the VNE that express vomeronasal type-2 receptors (V2Rs) and the G subunit Go. Besides these two neuronal types, VNE also accommodate a third non-neuronal cell type called Sustentacular cells that lie anatomically above apical …

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Ab42 Alters Glutamatergic Transmission In The Ca1 Region Of The Mouse Hippocampus, Patrick Harry Wehrle Jan 2022

Ab42 Alters Glutamatergic Transmission In The Ca1 Region Of The Mouse Hippocampus, Patrick Harry Wehrle

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting 4.5 million people in the US, a number expected to increase 3-fold over the next 30 years. One of the hallmarks of AD is the extracellular accumulation of the protein Aß₄₂ throughout in the brain, particularly in limbic structures like the temporal cortex and hippocampus, key regions for learning and memory. Currently available animal models for AD aim to reproduce key genetic traits of the familial variant of the disease, but >90% of AD patients are affected by idiopathic AD. To overcome this potential limitation, we use a different approach to study …

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Trace Elements In Nails And Anemia In Children Living Along The Interoceanic Highway, Madre De Dios, Peru / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals, Tia Marks Jan 2022

Trace Elements In Nails And Anemia In Children Living Along The Interoceanic Highway, Madre De Dios, Peru / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals, Tia Marks

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Anthropogenic changes in the Peruvian Amazon, including deforestation, highway development, agriculture, and artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM), have increased community concern about potential exposures toxic trace elements (TTE) including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). Such exposures can lead to detrimental health effects in children, such as developmental delays and anemia. The overarching goal of my dissertation was to understand exposure to both toxic and essential (manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn)) trace elements, anemia prevalence, and the associations between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and trace elements. To do this, I leveraged existing data from a …

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Exploring The Roles Of Stress, Codon Usage, And Rna Modifications In Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1, Afrooz Golestanian Jan 2022

Exploring The Roles Of Stress, Codon Usage, And Rna Modifications In Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1, Afrooz Golestanian

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM), the most common form of muscular dystrophy, is a neuromuscular disease caused by microsatellite repeat expansions. It can represent a multi-systemic autosomal dominant disease with DM1 and DM2 subtypes. A cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG) triplet repeat in the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene causes DM1 disease, which leads to the production of a longer, abnormal and toxic mRNA. The toxic DMPK mRNA sequester the splicing proteins such as Muscle blind-like (MBNL) and rbFOX which leads to gene expression alteration. Repeat associated non-AUG (RAN) translation also occurs in DM1. Mitochondrial dysregulation has also been …

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Disability In An American Indian Community : Prevalence, Distribution, And The Role Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Thoin F. Begum Jan 2022

Disability In An American Indian Community : Prevalence, Distribution, And The Role Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Thoin F. Begum

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Phthalates have been implicated as reproductive toxicants in animal models and in human populations. This study examined associations between potential exposure sources and urinary phthalate concentrations among couples undergoing infertility treatment. Women (n=56) and their male partners (n=43) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were enrolled in a prospective cohort investigation of environmental chemicals and IVF outcomes at an academic medical center. On the day of oocyte retrieval, participants provided urine samples and completed questionnaires detailing use of personal care products (PCPs), and consumption of medications, foods, and beverages in the preceding 24-hours. Urine was analyzed for MEP, MBP, MPP, MHxP, …

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Phase And Dark Field Radiography And Ct With Mesh-Based Structured Illumination And Polycapillary Optics, Uttam Pyakurel Jan 2022

Phase And Dark Field Radiography And Ct With Mesh-Based Structured Illumination And Polycapillary Optics, Uttam Pyakurel

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Imaging can be performed with a variety of techniques. For example, gamma radiation is used in nuclear medicine and radiation therapy A challenge in using gamma rays is the risk of high radiation exposure, which requires extensive custom shielding. The transmission of gamma rays through 3D printed shielding was measured to evaluate the required thickness of the shielding.Conventional radiography depends on x-ray attenuation. Another imaging technique, X-ray phase imaging, is known to improve the contrast of images relative to conventional imaging for low density materials. Phase differences imparted by soft tissue are roughly 1000 times larger than attenuation differences. Further, …

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Effects Of Metal And Polychlorinated Biphenyls Exposures And Fish Consumption On Cognitive Function In Adults, Nozomi Sasaki Jan 2022

Effects Of Metal And Polychlorinated Biphenyls Exposures And Fish Consumption On Cognitive Function In Adults, Nozomi Sasaki

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Cognitive decline often occurs with aging, independent of development of neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known about how to prevent cognitive decline or what cofactors, hereditary or environmental, may accelerate or protect against it. In young people, metals, including lead, cadmium, arsenic, methylmercury, and some organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are known to decrease cognitive function. Consumption of fish is a route of exposure to methylmercury and PCBs, but fish also contain omega-3 fatty acids that are reported to enhance infant neurodevelopment and postnatal cognitive performance. Yet, a recent systematic review concluded that there was inconclusive evidence the omega-3 …

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Food Environment, Food Acquisition Behavior, And Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Among Burmese Immigrants And Refugees : A Socio-Ecological Study, Hnin Wai Lwin Myo Jan 2022

Food Environment, Food Acquisition Behavior, And Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Among Burmese Immigrants And Refugees : A Socio-Ecological Study, Hnin Wai Lwin Myo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Using the framework of the Socio-Ecological Model, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between nutritional knowledge, food environment, food acquisition behavior, and daily recommended fruit and vegetable consumption (≥5 cups of fruits and vegetables) among Burmese refugees and immigrants in the Capital Region, New York. Methods: During July - November 2018, a cross-sectional survey with face-to-face interviews was conducted among Burmese refugees and immigrants aged 18 years and older living in Albany and Rensselaer counties (n=173, 52.0% female, mean age = 42.8). Daily recommended fruit and vegetable consumption was determined as ≥5 cups of fruit and vegetable …

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An Exploration Of The Relationship Between Social-Emotional Well-Being And Health Behaviors Of Urban Youth, Nelia Mayreilys Quezada Jan 2022

An Exploration Of The Relationship Between Social-Emotional Well-Being And Health Behaviors Of Urban Youth, Nelia Mayreilys Quezada

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A significant body of research has established that individuals lacking social support, self-esteem, and coping skills have poor physical health outcomes (House et al., 1998; Thoits, 2011; Uchino, 2009). Youth living in urban communities are at greater risk of poor mental and physical health outcomes due to a lack of access to safe places for physical activity, healthy foods, and limited social ties (Babey et al., 2016; Heller Isner et al., 2017; Thoits, 2011). This study examines the relationship between social-emotional well-being and health behaviors among youth (N=100) ages 11 to 19 in a small urban community. Based on prior …

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Richard Stankiewicz: His Work, Life, And Times; Artist, Professor And The Emergence Of Abstract Expressionism, Joan Fiori Blanchfield Jan 2022

Richard Stankiewicz: His Work, Life, And Times; Artist, Professor And The Emergence Of Abstract Expressionism, Joan Fiori Blanchfield

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines within the context of his life and times the work of the Second Generation artist Richard Stankiewicz (1922-83). It demonstrates at various stages his shifting modes of work as conditions of his geographical location, financial security, and the availability of materials changed. It expands and augments what has become the canonical view of the artist’s life and work, correcting critical misunderstandings and placing them coincident with pre-and post-World War II (the 1950s through the early 1980s) American and European history. It shows how the social, political, and geographic context of an artist’s life and the larger world …

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The Subsistence Economy In Urban Mayapán : Sustainability And Resiliency Through Diversity, Caroline Elizabeth Antonelli Jan 2022

The Subsistence Economy In Urban Mayapán : Sustainability And Resiliency Through Diversity, Caroline Elizabeth Antonelli

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Agrarian states are often viewed as premodern manifestations of complex urbanism, with environmental constraints limiting growth and their sustainability. Pre-Columbian states in the Northern Maya Lowlands were one context where these conditions were thought to apply. However, despite environmental constraints such as a scrub forest, periodic droughts and hurricanes, and an uneven distribution of resources, civilization flourished. Critical to the success of these states were social and economic institutions that supported highly effective landscape management strategies. The impact of these systems is still apparent today.Multiscalar approaches are critical to understanding the complex structures of subsistence economies in premodern urban places. …

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Rna-Seq Data Analysis Of A Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Line (A549) And Investigating The Role Of Nf-Kappa B As An Effector Of Atf3 During Zika Virus Infection, Theodora Pearl De-Veer Jan 2022

Rna-Seq Data Analysis Of A Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Line (A549) And Investigating The Role Of Nf-Kappa B As An Effector Of Atf3 During Zika Virus Infection, Theodora Pearl De-Veer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak amassed international concern due to its association with the high incidence of devastating neurological conditions- microcephaly and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Reportedly affecting over 5,000 fetal newborns, imaging studies have unveiled the pernicious effects of ZIKV infection on the fetal brain, which include cortical malformations, micrencephaly, hydrocephalus, and focal inflammation.

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Autonomic Nervous System Coordination : Examining The Impact Of Perceived Discrimination And Stressful Life Events, Rachel Renee Mitchell Jan 2022

Autonomic Nervous System Coordination : Examining The Impact Of Perceived Discrimination And Stressful Life Events, Rachel Renee Mitchell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Literature has demonstrated the deleterious effects of discrimination on mental health. For racial and ethnic minorities, discrimination is associated with symptoms of psychopathology, including anxiety and depression. Likewise, women who report gender-based discrimination are at an elevated risk for psychopathology. Scholars have theorized that chronic stress elicited by discrimination throughout one's life contributes to this increase in risk. Indeed, a wealth of research examining the consequences of stressful and potentially traumatic life events (SLEs) on mental health has pointed to physiological dysregulation as a mechanism through which life course stress undermines health. Patterns of physiological dysregulation within the sympathetic (SNS) …

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Fluorescent Biosensors : Engineering And Applications, Monica Rodriguez Jan 2022

Fluorescent Biosensors : Engineering And Applications, Monica Rodriguez

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Neurons in the brain communicate via electrical and chemical synapses, whereneurotransmitters are released. Traditional methods to detect synaptic transmission rely on single-cell patch-clamp recordings from target neurons, but these can only provide an indirect readout of the lifetime of neurotransmitters in the extracellular space. More recently, this task has been aided by developing fluorescent biosensors with high sensitivity and large dynamic ranges. Fluorescent biosensors are typically composed of a neurotransmitter binding protein tagged with fluorescent reporter molecules. Fluorescence biosensors come in different forms, including FRET-based biosensors. These can be built using different intracellular signaling molecules and neurotransmitter binding domains. Here, …

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Discrimination Between Human And Non-Human Blood Using Raman Spectroscopy And A Self-Reference Algorithm For Forensic Purposes : Method Expansion And Validation, Harrison Dickler Jan 2022

Discrimination Between Human And Non-Human Blood Using Raman Spectroscopy And A Self-Reference Algorithm For Forensic Purposes : Method Expansion And Validation, Harrison Dickler

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Determining whether the origin of a bloodstain is human or non-human is an important capability of a forensic investigation. In their pioneering work, Bian et al. (Journal of biomedical optics, 2017) introduced a self-reference peak algorithm for the analysis of bloodstain Raman spectra and demonstrated a great potential of this approach for differentiating human and nonhuman blood. However, this work only used three non-human species in the creation of their model. This study investigates the capability of a self-referencing peak algorithm to discriminate between human and 18 non-human species based on the Raman spectra of blood samples. The intensity ratios …

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The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Executive Functioning : An Adaptation-Based Perspective, Laura Morgan Welch Jan 2022

The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Executive Functioning : An Adaptation-Based Perspective, Laura Morgan Welch

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The detrimental impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on executive functioning (EF) is well established. However, the common emphasis on impairments dulls the outlook for those who have experienced ACEs and overlooks potential developmental adaptations to stress. For example, more recently, researchers have found that childhood adversity may create stress-adapted skills that are functionally specialized for harsh, unpredictable environments. Thus, rather than solely cognitive impairments, stress-adapted youth may have enhanced EFs under stressful or uncertain conditions, when these skills would provide the greatest advantages. However, this effect has only been tested by inducing uncertain economic environments. More research is needed …

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Maternal Antifungal Use During Pregnancy : A Study Of Prevalence Of Use And The Risk Of Birth Defects, Eleni A. Papadopoulos Jan 2022

Maternal Antifungal Use During Pregnancy : A Study Of Prevalence Of Use And The Risk Of Birth Defects, Eleni A. Papadopoulos

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Fungal infections, especially vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), are common among pregnant women. Therefore, it is important to study the effect that antifungal medications may have on the developing fetus. Recent studies have suggested there are positive associations between birth defects and specific oral antifungals. In this dissertation, maternal antifungal use during pregnancy was examined using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). The NBDPS was multi-site, population-based, case-control study and included women with estimated delivery dates during October 1997 through December 2011. It was designed to investigate risk factors associated with more than 30 categories of major birth defects. …

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“It's (Not) Like The Flu”: Expert Narratives And The Covid-19 Pandemic In Mainland China, Hong Kong, And The United States, Larry Au, Zheng Fu, Chuncheng Liu Jan 2022

“It's (Not) Like The Flu”: Expert Narratives And The Covid-19 Pandemic In Mainland China, Hong Kong, And The United States, Larry Au, Zheng Fu, Chuncheng Liu

Publications and Research

We trace the crafting of expert narratives during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and the United States. By expert narratives, we refer to how experts drew different lessons from past disease experiences to guide policymakers and the public amidst uncertainty. These expert narratives were mobilized in different sociopolitical contexts, resulting in varying configurations of expertise networks and allies that helped contain and mitigate COVID-19. In Mainland China, experts carefully advanced a managed narrative, emphasizing the new pandemic akin to the 2003 SARS outbreak can be managed while destressing the similar mistakes the government …

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Elucidating The Role Of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 In Lung Stem Cell Fate And Lung Disease, Aria Byrd Jan 2022

Elucidating The Role Of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 In Lung Stem Cell Fate And Lung Disease, Aria Byrd

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

The average human lungs take ~22,000 breaths and inhale ~2,000 gallons of air each day. This organ is the primary conduit for the transfer of oxygen to the internal organs, making it crucial for the sustainment of life. Consequently, mechanical malfunction of the lungs and/or pollution of inhaled air negatively impact internal organ function and ultimately put survival in jeopardy. Epigenetics, by nature, is a plastic phenomenon in which environmental stimuli influence short term, long term, and generational gene expression patterns. Chronic exposure of harmful stimuli to the lung epithelium has also been shown to alter epigenetic pathways, engender aberrant …

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Sex Dimorphism In Hematopoiesis And Bone Marrow Niche, Xiaojing Cui Jan 2022

Sex Dimorphism In Hematopoiesis And Bone Marrow Niche, Xiaojing Cui

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which are a rare population of cells existing in human circulating blood and bone marrow, can form the whole-blood system by their self-renewal capacity and differentiation ability. Sex dimorphism can be found in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and in the development of hematopoietic lineages. Also, males are at higher risk and have a worse prognosis for most hematologic malignancies than females. Under normal conditions, the number of circulating progenitor cells in women is lower than in men. Furthermore, female mice have a higher rate of HSC division than male mice. A dramatic gender difference exists …

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The Pipeline To Title Ix, Dionne Koller Jan 2022

The Pipeline To Title Ix, Dionne Koller

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Restoring Title Ix’S Constitutional Integrity, Elizabeth Kaufer Busch, William E. Thro Jan 2022

Restoring Title Ix’S Constitutional Integrity, Elizabeth Kaufer Busch, William E. Thro

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Pet’S ‘Perfect Bowl’: Environmental And Welfare Discourse In Alternative Pet Food Movements, Carly Baker Jan 2022

The Pet’S ‘Perfect Bowl’: Environmental And Welfare Discourse In Alternative Pet Food Movements, Carly Baker

Theses and Dissertations--Geography

Marketing ‘sustainable and humane’ super-premium dog kibble has emerged alongside alternative food movements (AFM). Unfortunately, super-premium pet-food comprised of ‘high-quality’ protein is at odds with sustainability and affect for particular animals. This study analyzed social and geographical (mis)representations of nonhumans in the pet-food commodity chain by tracing how knowledge and value is produced, and mapping the geography of Open Farm dog food. I assess these geographies and discourses and I identify the following: (1) sustainability claims focus on transportation and packaging, ignoring the significant environmental and social impacts of animal agriculture. (2) Images of farmed animals on packaging often do …

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The Fantastic Debate: Religion, Ideology, And National Identity In The Short Fiction Of Nineteenth-Century Spain, Morgan Keith Stewart Jan 2022

The Fantastic Debate: Religion, Ideology, And National Identity In The Short Fiction Of Nineteenth-Century Spain, Morgan Keith Stewart

Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies

This dissertation analyzes fantastic short fiction in terms of its relationship to the traditionalist and progressive forces that were vying for hegemonic control over Spanish national identity in the ever-changing period of the nineteenth century, demonstrating how these powers shaped Spain’s past and future national character to suit ideologically driven narratives and revealing how fantastic literature can disrupt these narratives to unlock new patterns of thought. In Chapter 1, entitled “Fantastic Short Fiction and National Identity,” I delineate the historical/political circumstances that led to the rise of Spain’s dominant ideological frameworks. I also establish my own definition of the fantastic …

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Current And Past Prairie Reconstruction Approaches, Sophie Wieland Jan 2022

Current And Past Prairie Reconstruction Approaches, Sophie Wieland

Honors Capstone Projects

This project was concerned with prairie reconstruction - that is, lands that have been seeded and are being managed to emulate a prairie ecosystem. The first section is a literature review on how prairie reconstruction arose. In the second component, data on plant species in local reconstructed prairies collected for the Prairie Reconstruction Initiative by the Morris Wetland Management District were summarized. The new monitoring framework is evaluated, as is the condition of the selected reconstructions, including the success of planted species and encroachment of non-native species.

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The Impact Of Noncognitive Skills On Student Achievement In Elementary-Age Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Karen Garmon Jan 2022

The Impact Of Noncognitive Skills On Student Achievement In Elementary-Age Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Karen Garmon

Doctor of Education Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic has created one of the largest disruptions in educational history. The impact on learning loss and social-emotional well-being from the pandemic threatens to compromise achievement outcomes for an extended number of years. Previous research has proven relationships between grit, growth mindset, self-efficacy, and academic achievement (Duckworth, 2016; Duckworth et al., 2007; Dweck, 2008), but little is known about the validity of noncognitive constructs and academic achievement in elementary-age students, particularly how the relationship between these variables affected student achievement during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine if noncognitive traits had a relationship …

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