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Sea Temperature Variations Associated With Tidal Currents In Stratified Shallow Water Over An Irregular Bottom, Dale F. Leipper Jan 1955

Sea Temperature Variations Associated With Tidal Currents In Stratified Shallow Water Over An Irregular Bottom, Dale F. Leipper

Journal of Marine Research

Unusual features of the large and nearly periodic variations in sea temperature which are observed in shallow stratified water along the coast of southern California may be caused by tidal stirring over an irregular bottom and by subsequent horizontal and vertical oscillating movements associated with tides.

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On The Amino Acids Of Sponges, Lois Wiley Inskip, Harold G. Cassidy Jan 1955

On The Amino Acids Of Sponges, Lois Wiley Inskip, Harold G. Cassidy

Journal of Marine Research

The distribution of amino acids in 14 sponges was surveyed qualitatively by paper chromatography. Dried acetone-extracted sponge material was treated with 95% alcohol to remove soluble amino acids and peptides. From two sponges this material consisted largely of peptides, five of which were hydrolyzed and examined. From the present data it appears doubtful that any significant correlation exists between the amino acid distribution in sponges and the biological classification of these organisms.

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The Enchanted Voyage: A Study Of The Effects Of The Ocean On Some Aspects Of Human Culture, G. Evelyn Hutchinson Jan 1955

The Enchanted Voyage: A Study Of The Effects Of The Ocean On Some Aspects Of Human Culture, G. Evelyn Hutchinson

Journal of Marine Research

The symbolic and allegorical aspects of the sea and of the ship have been treated so fully and recently by Mr. W. H. Auden in his illuminating study The Enchaféd Flood, that it would be presumptuous to attempt to say anything new about them from a literary point of view. Mr. Auden has considered his themes morally, religiously and tragically; what he has left to explore may at first seem frivolous or at best merely decorative, but when the exploration has yielded its results, some hint of a serious purpose may be apparent.

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Statistical Hydrodynamics, Carl Eckart Jan 1955

Statistical Hydrodynamics, Carl Eckart

Journal of Marine Research

There are two major problems in the theory of hydrodynamics. One is its nonlinear equations. If a fluid motion is specified by giving its velocity at every point, one may inquire whether there is a second possible motion in which the fluid everywhere has just twice the previous velocity.

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The Place Of Physical Oceanography In Oceanographic Research, H. U. Sverdrup Jan 1955

The Place Of Physical Oceanography In Oceanographic Research, H. U. Sverdrup

Journal of Marine Research

Talking here at Woods Hole about the place of physical oceanography in oceanographic research is comparable to carrying coals to Newcastle. In no other locality are gathered so many institutions engaged in marine research, and nowhere exist such unique opportunities for integrated oceanographic research.

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High Frequency Spectrum Of Ocean Waves, Walter H. Munk Jan 1955

High Frequency Spectrum Of Ocean Waves, Walter H. Munk

Journal of Marine Research

The subject "Motion in the Ocean," assigned to me by President Bronk, includes fish, Aqua-lung divers and density flows. For a very good reason I must confine myself to motion of the water itself. Further, I will limit myself by considering only that part of the motion of ocean water that can be associated with surface waves. It is nearly, but not quite, the irrotational component of the motion....

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Oceanography And Engineering, John D. Issacs Jan 1955

Oceanography And Engineering, John D. Issacs

Journal of Marine Research

I have been greatly honored by the invitation to this gathering and to the dedication of this newest and most impressive implement to the study of the province of oceanography.

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Applications Of Oceanography To Navigation, G. E.R. Deacon Jan 1955

Applications Of Oceanography To Navigation, G. E.R. Deacon

Journal of Marine Research

Navigators, concerned with the task of maintaining safe and efficient sea communications and faced with everyday difficulties of wind and weather, have to maintain a more practical outlook than oceanographers, who want to understand everything that goes on in the oceans however long they are about it....

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Modern Aspects Of Marine Level-Bottom Animal Communities, Gunnar Thorson Jan 1955

Modern Aspects Of Marine Level-Bottom Animal Communities, Gunnar Thorson

Journal of Marine Research

Modern biologists are entangled in such numerous problems that their total staff is far too small to tackle but a fraction of them. It seems reasonable, therefore, that we should concentrate on the solution of those problems which may help most to widen our general view. This is the reason why I propose to call your attention to the advantage of studying marine level-bottom communities in the sense described by C. G. Joh. Petersen (1911, 1913, 1918). It is a field which now seems to be ripe for world-wide teamwork and which at the same time has economic implications, since …

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Consideration Of Midocean Fish Production As Related To Oceanic Circulatory Systems, Oscar E. Sette Jan 1955

Consideration Of Midocean Fish Production As Related To Oceanic Circulatory Systems, Oscar E. Sette

Journal of Marine Research

The sea receives most of the radiant energy reaching the earth simply because there is more sea than land, especially in middle and low latitudes where the angle of incidence is greatest and the loss by reflection is least….

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Seismic Measurements In Ocean Basins, Maurice Ewing, Frank Press Jan 1955

Seismic Measurements In Ocean Basins, Maurice Ewing, Frank Press

Journal of Marine Research

This paper will include a discussion of seismic effects and measurements in ocean basins as determined from natural earthquakes and from explosions. Earthquake seismology has been related to problems of the oceans since its beginning. In fact, establishment of the international network of seismograph stations, suggested by John Milne in 1897, was due in large part to the correlation of submarine cable breaks with oceanic earthquakes. Much of the great destruction of life and property caused by earthquakes at the borders of oceans results from the great sea waves or tsunamis occasionally generated by them. Recently it has become possible …

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The Oceanic Crust, H. H. Hess Jan 1955

The Oceanic Crust, H. H. Hess

Journal of Marine Research

In the last half dozen years the nature of the crust under the oceans has been determined by seismic refraction work (Ewing, Worzel, Raitt, Hill, Hersey, Gaskell, and others). The Mohorovicic discontinuity is near 10 km in depth, and above this there are approximately 4 km of rock having the properties of basalt which are overlain by sediments of perhaps ¾ km thickness.

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On The History Of The Oceans, Roger Revelle Jan 1955

On The History Of The Oceans, Roger Revelle

Journal of Marine Research

I shall discuss two problems concerning the history of the ocean: {1) The volume of water on the earth's surface at different times in the past. (2) Former conditions in the water and in the overlying atmosphere compared with those existing today. Specifically, we may ask whether the waters were acid, or slightly alkaline as at present, and whether conditions were oxidizing or reducing, that is, whether or not free oxygen was present.

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The Generation Of Oceanic Currents By Wind, J. G. Charney Jan 1955

The Generation Of Oceanic Currents By Wind, J. G. Charney

Journal of Marine Research

1. Introduction. In 1937 and 1938, C.-G. Rossby published results of investigations into the manner in which velocity and pressure adjust themselves in ocean currents. He showed that an initially unbalanced rectilinear current would execute transverse inertial oscillations in the process of creating the pressure field that is necessary to balance the Coriolis forces associated with its momentum....

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The Transient Development Of A Lee Wave, M. G. Wurtele Jan 1955

The Transient Development Of A Lee Wave, M. G. Wurtele

Journal of Marine Research

A stream with an initially undisturbed free surface is set impulsively in motion and a (small) pressure perturbation is applied to the surface. The form of the free surface as a function of time is examined in detail up to the point where the disturbance is sensibly that of a steady-state lee wave.

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On Convective Instability Of A Rotatiing Fluid With A Horizontal Temperature Contrast, H. L. Kuo Jan 1955

On Convective Instability Of A Rotatiing Fluid With A Horizontal Temperature Contrast, H. L. Kuo

Journal of Marine Research

A simple expression of the criterion for the onset of symmetrical therm.al convection of a rotating fluid subject to a horizontal temperature contrast is obtained. It is shown that both the rotation and a positive static stability act to inhibit convection....

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Note On Wire-Angle In Oceanography, Håkon Mosby Jan 1955

Note On Wire-Angle In Oceanography, Håkon Mosby

Journal of Marine Research

Recently Watson made known an interesting experiment performed at the David Taylor Model Basin of the U. S. Navy. His experiment showed that a cable inclined to a horizontal stream experiences mainly a force which is normal to the cable. This agrees with experiments performed in the laboratory of the Oceanographic Institute, Gothenburg.

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Research On The Complexity Of H2o, Augustus B. Kinzel Jan 1955

Research On The Complexity Of H2o, Augustus B. Kinzel

Journal of Marine Research

It is truly a privilege and an honor to be here on behalf of the Naval Research Advisory Committee and to help in some small way in encouraging those of the expanded group who will work in the new building. It is my understanding that a talk at this time should be in the nature of an appetizer, since there is plenty of meat in the program proper.

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Steady Flow In A Frictionless Homogeneous Ocean, N. P. Fofonoff Jan 1955

Steady Flow In A Frictionless Homogeneous Ocean, N. P. Fofonoff

Journal of Marine Research

A mathematical model is developed to study the free (frictionless) steady horizontal flow which can occur in a homogeneous ocean of constant depth. The flow satisfies the dynamic constraint that the vertical component of absolute vorticity is constant along a streamline....

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Distridution Of Suspended Materials In Chesapeake Bay, Wayne V. Burt Jan 1955

Distridution Of Suspended Materials In Chesapeake Bay, Wayne V. Burt

Journal of Marine Research

The distribution of suspended materials in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, discussed in terms of light extinction, is characterized by marked variability. There are large local time changes, seasonal and tidal, as well as large horizontal gradients....

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An Ultrasonic Current Meter For Estuarine Research, Foster H. Middleton Jan 1955

An Ultrasonic Current Meter For Estuarine Research, Foster H. Middleton

Journal of Marine Research

An instrument that measures the velocity and direction of water fl.ow in estuaries is described. The magnitude is obtained by measuring the phase lag or advance, caused by motion of the water, in an ultrasonic wave. The instrument can be towed or suspended from a vessel or operated unattended at a remote station for a week.

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A Depth Telerecording Unit For Marine Biology, Brian P. Boden, Elizabeth M. Kampa, James M. Snodgrass, Robert F. Devereux Jan 1955

A Depth Telerecording Unit For Marine Biology, Brian P. Boden, Elizabeth M. Kampa, James M. Snodgrass, Robert F. Devereux

Journal of Marine Research

A serious obstacle to critical examination of stratification and diurnal migration of plankton has been the lack of instruments that enable the biologist to ascertain accurately the depth of his collecting net at the time of opening, fishing and closing....

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Direct Measurement Of The Hemispheric Poleward Flux Of Water Vapor, Victor P. Starr, Rober M. White Jan 1955

Direct Measurement Of The Hemispheric Poleward Flux Of Water Vapor, Victor P. Starr, Rober M. White

Journal of Marine Research

The average meridional flux of water vapor in the atmosphere is evaluated for the northern hemisphere from suitably distributed daily observations of wind and moisture during the year 1950. Zonal averages for five latitude circles are presented, and these are compared with the corresponding requirements calculated from estimates of zonally averaged precipitation and evaporation given in climatological literature. Considering the nature and scope of the work, the extent of the agreement obtained is considered noteworthy.

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Carbohydrate In Sea Water, George J. Lewis Jr., Norris W. Rakestraw Jan 1955

Carbohydrate In Sea Water, George J. Lewis Jr., Norris W. Rakestraw

Journal of Marine Research

Substances which respond to analytical tests for carbohydrate (with anthrone or N-ethyl carbazole) were found in Pacific Coast water in quantities of from 0.1--0.4 mg/L. In coastal lagoons, however, concentrations as high as 8 mg/L were observed. Normally, most of this is in a dissolved rather than suspended state.

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Recent Advances In Our Understanding Of The Circulation Problem And Their Implications, C. O'D. Iselin Jan 1955

Recent Advances In Our Understanding Of The Circulation Problem And Their Implications, C. O'D. Iselin

Journal of Marine Research

When I was first asked to prepare a paper for this program, although it was obviously an honor, I hesitated to accept, for it seemed to me doubtful that a regular staff member of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution should be asked to express his views. After all, one of the chief purposes of this Convocation was to gain the benefit of your collective advice as to future scientific policy....

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The Impact Of Oceanography On Other Sciences, Richard H. Fleming Jan 1955

The Impact Of Oceanography On Other Sciences, Richard H. Fleming

Journal of Marine Research

"Unity is perhaps the keynote of modern science. This means unity in time, for the present is but the outgrowth of the past, and the future of the present. It means of process, for there seems to be no sharp dividing line between organic and inorganic, physical and mental, mental and spiritual. . And the unity of modern science means also a growing tendency towards cooperation, so that by working together scientists discover much that would else have remained hid."

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Photosynthesis And Productivity Of Littoral Marine Algae, L. R. Blinks Jan 1955

Photosynthesis And Productivity Of Littoral Marine Algae, L. R. Blinks

Journal of Marine Research

With the exception of Enteromorpha, the high seas traveller, and floating Enteromorpha, which occurs on quieter waters, practically all larger algae are anchored to the shore or shallow bottoms. The oceanographer would probably call them "land weeds" instead of "sea weeds." Nevertheless, they are bathed with sea water most or all of the time and so they partake of the ocean, even though the zone may be only a narrow one. While their total productivity is small compared to that of the entire ocean, yet, area for area, it can be very high.

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Production Of Organic Matter In The Oceans, E. Steemann Nielsen Jan 1955

Production Of Organic Matter In The Oceans, E. Steemann Nielsen

Journal of Marine Research

As on land, so in the sea, autotrophic plants are the basis of all life. ii Sessile plants live on a narrow fringe along coasts only, so, if we wish m to consider the amount of matter produced by plants of the sea, we II must confine our attention to planktonic algae, which are found everywhere in the upper oceanic water masses. It is the organic matter synthesized by phytoplankton out of purely inorganic substances by means of light which directly and indirectly serves as food for all organisms in the sea, from the smallest bacteria to the largest whale.

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Recent And Ancient Sedimentation; Two Aspects Of One Subject, Ph. H. Kuenen Jan 1955

Recent And Ancient Sedimentation; Two Aspects Of One Subject, Ph. H. Kuenen

Journal of Marine Research

Geology has thrived on the application of the maxim, the present is the key to the past. Investigation of the phenomena and active processes of the surrounding world has proved to supply the most trustworthy foundation for interpreting the features of ancient rocks and unravelling the geological history of the earth's crust. But one chapter of geology has formed an exception, that of ancient marine sediments. Considering the extent as well as the economic and paleontologic importance of these rocks, it is a huge chapter. In this domain geologists have attempted the opposite procedure, namely to deduce the submarine processes …

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On The Exchange Of Momentum Between The Atmosphere, The Oceans And The Solid Earth, Erik Palmén Jan 1955

On The Exchange Of Momentum Between The Atmosphere, The Oceans And The Solid Earth, Erik Palmén

Journal of Marine Research

There is general agreement now among oceanographers that the large ocean currents are essentially maintained by the stress exerted by planetary wind systems on ocean surfaces. Therefore it is of primary importance for oceanography to know the distribution of the wind stress on oceans and its variation in time.

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