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Articles 211 - 240 of 2527
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Glider Measurements Of Overturning In A Kelvin-Helmholtz Billow Train, W. D. Smyth, S. A. Thorpe
Glider Measurements Of Overturning In A Kelvin-Helmholtz Billow Train, W. D. Smyth, S. A. Thorpe
Journal of Marine Research
The prospects for glider-based measurement of turbulence statistics are assessed using direct numerical simulation data representing breaking Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) billows in a stratified, parallel shear flow. Transects tilted upstream against the shear tend to produce overestimates of overturning; those tilted with the shear produce underestimates. Low-angle transects can produce illusory overturning as the braid between the KH billows is crossed. Statistical features of the bias in displacement scales are related to geometrical aspects of KH billows. Results are interpreted in the context of a hypothetical effort to characterize overturning in a strongly sheared current (e.g. the Equatorial Undercurrent) using nonvertical …
Cross-Shelf Mixing And Mid-Shelf Front Dynamics In The Mid-Atlantic Bight Evaluated Using The Radium Quartet, Scott L. Stachelhaus, S. Bradley Moran, David S. Ullman, Roger P. Kelly
Cross-Shelf Mixing And Mid-Shelf Front Dynamics In The Mid-Atlantic Bight Evaluated Using The Radium Quartet, Scott L. Stachelhaus, S. Bradley Moran, David S. Ullman, Roger P. Kelly
Journal of Marine Research
Mid-shelf fronts (MSFs) are thought to be ubiquitous in shelf areas. However, their dynamical role in cross-shelf mixing has yet to be fully characterized. In January, February, and April of 2007, radium isotopes (223Ra, t1/2 = 11 d; 224Ra, t1/2 = 3.7 d; 226Ra, t1/2 = 1600 yr; 228Ra, t1/2 = 5.7 yr) were measured along a transect in the Mid-Atlantic Bight to constrain mixing rates at and around a MSF. Cross-shelf eddy diffusivities (Kx) were determined from 223Ra and 224Ra distributions using a variable-depth model. Two key assumptions …
Development Of Resistance To An Introduced Marine Pathogen By A Native Host, Susan E. Ford, David Bushek
Development Of Resistance To An Introduced Marine Pathogen By A Native Host, Susan E. Ford, David Bushek
Journal of Marine Research
In 1957–1959, the introduced protistan parasite, Haplosporidium nelsoni, killed 90–95% of the oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in lower Delaware Bay and about half of those in the upper bay. Shortly thereafter, H. nelsoni-caused mortality in the wild population of the lower bay declined, approximating that of first-generation selectively bred oysters. For nearly three decades thereafter no further change in survival of the wild population was evident, although steady improvement was achieved by continued selective breeding. Survival of the wild population is thought to have plateaued because the great majority of oysters inhabited the upper bay where they …
Effective Population Sizes Of Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin) Populations In Delaware Bay, Usa, Yan He, Susan E. Ford, David Bushek, Eric N. Powell, Zhenmin Bao, Ximing Guo
Effective Population Sizes Of Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin) Populations In Delaware Bay, Usa, Yan He, Susan E. Ford, David Bushek, Eric N. Powell, Zhenmin Bao, Ximing Guo
Journal of Marine Research
Effective population size (Ne) is an important concept in population genetics as it dictates the rate of genetic change caused by drift. Ne estimates for many marine populations are small relative to the census population size. Small Ne in a large population may indicate high reproductive variance or sweepstakes reproductive success (SRS). The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) may be prone to SRS due to its high fecundity and high larval mortality. To examine if SRS occurs in the eastern oyster, we studied Ne and genetic variation of oyster populations in Delaware Bay. …
Modeling The Dispersal Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Larvae In Delaware Bay, Diego A. Narváez, John M. Klinck, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hofmann, John Wilkin, Dale B. Haidvogel
Modeling The Dispersal Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Larvae In Delaware Bay, Diego A. Narváez, John M. Klinck, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hofmann, John Wilkin, Dale B. Haidvogel
Journal of Marine Research
The interactions of circulation and growth processes in determining the horizontal distribution of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larvae in the Delaware Bay estuary were investigated with a coupled circulation-individual-based larvae model that used environmental conditions from the spawning seasons (mid-June to mid-September) of 1984, 1985, 1986, 2000, and 2001. Particles, representing oyster larvae, were released at five-day intervals from areas in Delaware Bay that correspond to natural oyster reefs. The simulated larval development time was used to estimate potential larval success, determined by the percent of larvae that successfully reached settlement size (330 μm) within the planktonic larval …
Reconciling Float-Based And Tracer-Based Estimates Of Lateral Diffusivities, Andreas Klocker, Raffaele Ferrari, Joseph H. Lacasce, Sophia T. Merrifield
Reconciling Float-Based And Tracer-Based Estimates Of Lateral Diffusivities, Andreas Klocker, Raffaele Ferrari, Joseph H. Lacasce, Sophia T. Merrifield
Journal of Marine Research
Lateral diffusivities are computed from synthetic particles and tracers advected by a velocity field derived from sea-surface height measurements from the South Pacific, in a region west of Drake Passage. Three different estimates are compared: (1) the tracer-based “effective diffusivity” of Nakamura (1996), (2) the growth of the second moment of a cloud of tracer and (3) the single- and two-particle Lagrangian diffusivities. The effective diffusivity measures the cross-stream component of eddy mixing, so this article focuses on the meridional diffusivities for the others, as the mean flow (the ACC) is zonally oriented in the region. After an initial transient …
Intermittent Bioirrigation And Oxygen Dynamics In Permeable Sediments: An Experimental And Modeling Study Of Three Tellinid Bivalves, Nils Volkenborn, Christof Meile, Lubos Polerecky, Conrad A. Pilditch, Alf Norkko, Joanna Norkko, Judi E. Hewitt, Simon F. Thrush, David S. Wethey, Sarah A. Woodin
Intermittent Bioirrigation And Oxygen Dynamics In Permeable Sediments: An Experimental And Modeling Study Of Three Tellinid Bivalves, Nils Volkenborn, Christof Meile, Lubos Polerecky, Conrad A. Pilditch, Alf Norkko, Joanna Norkko, Judi E. Hewitt, Simon F. Thrush, David S. Wethey, Sarah A. Woodin
Journal of Marine Research
To explore the dynamic nature of geochemical conditions in bioirrigated marine permeable sediments, we studied the hydraulic activity of three tellinacean bivalve molluscs (the Pacific species Macoma nasuta and Macomona liliana, and the northern Atlantic and Pacific species Macoma balthica). We combined porewater pressure sensing, time-lapse photography and oxygen imaging to quantify the durations and frequencies of tellinid irrigation activity and the associated oxygen dynamics in the sediment. Porewater pressure records of all tellinids were dominated by intermittent porewater pressurization, induced by periodic water injection into the sediment through their excurrent siphons, which resulted in intermittent oxygen supply …
Deep Circulation In The Eastern South Pacific Ocean, Vincent Faure, Kevin Speer
Deep Circulation In The Eastern South Pacific Ocean, Vincent Faure, Kevin Speer
Journal of Marine Research
We use an inverse method to compute the deep circulation in the eastern South Pacific Ocean, on isopycnal layers within the depth range of 1,000–3,000 m. The method gives probability density functions of the isopycnal and diapycnal velocities and diffusivities on a grid with a realistic eastern boundary, based on tracer fields. An oxygen consumption rate, assumed spatially constant, controls the solution effectiveness (minimum value of the model cost function) and the magnitude of the diffusivities. The isopycnal circulation is, by contrast, less dependent on the consumption rate. Direct deep float displacement data is used as a check on our …
The Role Of Larval Dispersal In Metapopulation Gene Flow: Local Population Dynamics Matter, Daphne M. Munroe, John .. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eric N. Powell
The Role Of Larval Dispersal In Metapopulation Gene Flow: Local Population Dynamics Matter, Daphne M. Munroe, John .. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eric N. Powell
Journal of Marine Research
The degree of genetic connectivity among populations in a metapopulation has direct consequences for species evolution, development of disease resistance, and capacity of a metapopulation to adapt to climate change. This study used a metapopulation model that integrates population dynamics, dispersal, and genetics within an individual-based model framework to examine the mechanisms and dynamics of genetic connectivity within a metapopulation. The model was parameterized to simulate four populations of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Delaware Bay on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Differences among the four populations include a strong spatial gradient in mortality, a spatial gradient …
Oyster Food Supply In Delaware Bay: Estimation From A Hydrodynamic Model And Interaction With The Oyster Population, Eric N. Powell, Danielle A. Kreeger, Jason M. Morson, Dale B. Haidvogel, Zhiren Wang, Roger Thomas, Jennifer E. Gius
Oyster Food Supply In Delaware Bay: Estimation From A Hydrodynamic Model And Interaction With The Oyster Population, Eric N. Powell, Danielle A. Kreeger, Jason M. Morson, Dale B. Haidvogel, Zhiren Wang, Roger Thomas, Jennifer E. Gius
Journal of Marine Research
To evaluate oyster food supply, water samples were collected at fifteen sites in Delaware Bay nearmonthly in 2009 and 2010. Food was estimated as the sum of particulate protein, labile carbohydrate, and lipid. Delaware Bay shows a typical spring bloom, centered in March and April, with declining food supply thereafter into early fall, followed sporadically by a minor fall bloom. The geographic and temporal structure of food was more predictable in summer to early fall, and considerably less predictable in spring. Five variables each based on temperature and the spatial and temporal variability of temperature were significant contributors to a …
Evidence Of Vertical Coupling Between The Kuroshio Extension And Topographically Controlled Deep Eddies, Andrew D. Greene, D. Randolph Watts, Georgi G. Sutyrin, Hideharu Sasaki
Evidence Of Vertical Coupling Between The Kuroshio Extension And Topographically Controlled Deep Eddies, Andrew D. Greene, D. Randolph Watts, Georgi G. Sutyrin, Hideharu Sasaki
Journal of Marine Research
Strong energy in the 30–60 day band was observed using 39 deep pressure and current records from the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS). Energy in this band accounted for 25–50% of the total deep-pressure variance and was strongest under the Kuroshio Extension jet axis. Often, deep-pressure anomalies propagated into the region from the north-northeast and locally intensified as they passed under and interacted with the Kuroshio Extension. The topographically controlled deep-pressure anomalies translate nearly along lines of constant f/H. Statistically significant coherence between 30–60 day upper- and deep-ocean streamfunction anomalies demonstrated that there was strong vertical coupling in that …
Adjustment Of A Wind-Driven Two-Layer System With Mid-Basin Topography, Magdalena Andres, Jiayan Yang, Young-Oh Kwon
Adjustment Of A Wind-Driven Two-Layer System With Mid-Basin Topography, Magdalena Andres, Jiayan Yang, Young-Oh Kwon
Journal of Marine Research
A linear primitive equations model is used to simulate spin-up of a two-layer ocean bisected by a meridional ridge. The ocean is forced with steady zonal winds east of the ridge. When wind-driven barotropic planetary Rossby waves propagate across the ridge, barotropic and baroclinic anomalies are generated as the barotropic flow adjusts. These ridge-generated anomalies propagate westward from the ridge as planetary Rossby waves and their arrival along the basin's western boundary modulates the western boundary current (WBC) transport and vertical structure. Model results suggest that at short (<1 year) and long (>10 years) delay relative to a …
Testing An Emerging Paradigm In Migration Ecology Shows Surprising Differences In Efficiency Between Flight Modes, Adam E. Duerr, Tricia A. Miller, Michael Lanzone, Dave Brandes, Jeff Cooper, Kieran O'Malley, Charles Maisonneuve, Junior Tremblay, Todd Katzner
Testing An Emerging Paradigm In Migration Ecology Shows Surprising Differences In Efficiency Between Flight Modes, Adam E. Duerr, Tricia A. Miller, Michael Lanzone, Dave Brandes, Jeff Cooper, Kieran O'Malley, Charles Maisonneuve, Junior Tremblay, Todd Katzner
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
To maximize fitness, flying animals should maximize flight speed while minimizing energetic expenditure. Soaring speeds of large-bodied birds are determined by flight routes and tradeoffs between minimizing time and energetic costs. Large raptors migrating in eastern North America predominantly glide between thermals that provide lift or soar along slopes or ridgelines using orographic lift (slope soaring). It is usually assumed that slope soaring is faster than thermal gliding because forward progress is constant compared to interrupted progress when birds pause to regain altitude in thermals. We tested this slope-soaring hypothesis using high-frequency GPS-GSM telemetry devices to track golden eagles during …
The Legacy Of Gordon Arthur Riley (1911–1985) And The Development Of Mathematical Models In Biological Oceanography, Thomas R. Anderson, Wendy C. Gentleman
The Legacy Of Gordon Arthur Riley (1911–1985) And The Development Of Mathematical Models In Biological Oceanography, Thomas R. Anderson, Wendy C. Gentleman
Journal of Marine Research
Gordon Arthur Riley (1911–1985) is remembered for his pioneering work in the development of marine ecosystem models during the mid-20th century. Using models that were necessarily simple because of the limited understanding of plankton physiology at the time, as well as the fact that calculations had to be done by hand, Riley studied the processes that control plankton stocks, production, and nutrient cycling, notably at Georges Bank. His great achievement lay not so much in the simulation of plankton dynamics per se, but rather in bringing to the fore the concept of using modeling as a means of explaining …
Detailed Internal Wave Mixing Above A Deep-Ocean Slope, Hans Van Haren, Louis Gostiaux
Detailed Internal Wave Mixing Above A Deep-Ocean Slope, Hans Van Haren, Louis Gostiaux
Journal of Marine Research
Turbulent vertical eddy diffusivity (Kz) and dissipation rate (ε) are estimated between 0.5 and 50 m above the sloping side of Great Meteor Seamount, Canary Basin, using 101 moored temperature sensors, 1-mK precision, sampling at 1 Hz. Effectively, detailed observed time-depth temperature images are split in two: a statically stable and a turbulence image. Tides dominate the temperature variations, but the local bottom slope is supercritical to motions at semidiurnal frequencies. Averaged over a fortnight, the observed overall time-depth mean Kz = 3±1 × 10–3 m2 s–1 and ε = 1.5±0.7 × 10–7 W …
A Tribute To Doreen Orciari, George Veronis
A Tribute To Doreen Orciari, George Veronis
Journal of Marine Research
With her retirement this year Doreen Orciari will end her 36th year at Yale, 32 of them as editorial assistant at the Journal of Marine Research. She came to work for me as my secretary in December, 1976, when I was chairman of the Department of Geology and Geophysics. It turns out that she was the best Christmas present that I have ever had. Doreen was born and raised as an Irish Catholic in New Haven and spent her youth in somewhat of a dysfunctional family. She spent 12 years amid Catholic nuns who served to add structure to her …
The Rise And Fall Of Crassostrea Virginica Oyster Reefs: The Role Of Disease And Fishing In Their Demise And A Vignette On Their Management, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Kathryn Ashton-Alcox, Eileen E. Hofmann, Jason Morson
The Rise And Fall Of Crassostrea Virginica Oyster Reefs: The Role Of Disease And Fishing In Their Demise And A Vignette On Their Management, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Kathryn Ashton-Alcox, Eileen E. Hofmann, Jason Morson
Journal of Marine Research
We describe a model designed to simulate the shell carbonate budget of an oyster reef. We identify five parameters descriptive of basic characteristics of the shell carbonate budget of a reef that limit simulation accuracy. Two describe the TAZ (taphonomically-active zone) and the distribution of shell carbonate within it. One is the taphonomic rate in the TAZ. Two determine the volume contribution of shell carbonate and the taphonomic loss rate within the reef framework. For Mid-Atlantic estuaries, model simulations suggest that reef accretion only occurs if oyster abundance is near carrying capacity. Simulations further suggest that reef accretion is infeasible …
Baroclinic Instability Of An Idealized Tidal Mixing Front, K. H. Brink
Baroclinic Instability Of An Idealized Tidal Mixing Front, K. H. Brink
Journal of Marine Research
Tidal mixing fronts separate vertically homogenized waters from stratified ambient waters. The linear and nonlinear baroclinic stability of an idealized tidal mixing front is treated here in the parameter range that is stable with regard to symmetric instabilities and that has no bottom friction. All model configurations considered are unstable, and the dependence on bottom slope, stratification and other parameters is similar to that suggested by models (such as that of Blumsack and Gierasch, 1972) with much simpler configurations. The finite-amplitude evolution of the instabilities is treated using a primitive equation numerical model. The initial length scale and growth rate …
Hurricane Wake Restratification Rates Of One-, Two- And Three-Dimensional Processes, S. Haney, S. Bachman, B. Cooper, S. Kupper, K. Mccaffrey, L. Van Roekel, S. Stevenson, B. Fox-Kemper
Hurricane Wake Restratification Rates Of One-, Two- And Three-Dimensional Processes, S. Haney, S. Bachman, B. Cooper, S. Kupper, K. Mccaffrey, L. Van Roekel, S. Stevenson, B. Fox-Kemper
Journal of Marine Research
The restratification of the cold wakes of Tropical Cyclones Fanapi, Frances, Igor and Katrina are examined based on derived scalings for processes that can restore the hurricane wake toward the precyclone conditions. The different restoration processes depend on the parameters of the wake: depth, width, buoyancy anomaly and wind stress. The parameters needed are derived for each wake from satellite and climatological data. The scalings are based on model results and existing parameterizations, including air-sea heat fluxes (one-dimensional) Ekman buoyancy fluxes (two-dimensional) and mixed layer eddies (three-dimensional). The dominant surface restoration occurs by a combination of surface fluxes and Ekman …
Circulation And Behavior Controls On Dispersal Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Larvae In Delaware Bay, Diego A. Narváez, John N. Klinck, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hofmann, John Wilkin, Dale B. Haidvogel
Circulation And Behavior Controls On Dispersal Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Larvae In Delaware Bay, Diego A. Narváez, John N. Klinck, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hofmann, John Wilkin, Dale B. Haidvogel
Journal of Marine Research
The relative contributions of the spring-neap tides, river discharge and vertical behavior to the dispersal of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larvae in Delaware Bay is investigated with a coupled circulation-individual-based larvae model. The coupled model simulates larval growth and behavior along particle trajectories using temperature and salinity conditions obtained from an implementation of the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) for Delaware Bay. Particles, representing oyster larvae, are released at five-day intervals during the spawning seasons (mid-June to mid-September) of 1984, 1985, 1986, 2000 and 2001 from areas that correspond to natural oyster reefs in Delaware Bay. Successful larvae …
Airports Offer Unrealized Potential For Alternative Energy Production, Travis L. Devault, Jerrold L. Belant, Bradley F. Blackwell, James A. Martin, Jason A. Schmidt, Loren Wes Burger Jr, James W. Patterson Jr.
Airports Offer Unrealized Potential For Alternative Energy Production, Travis L. Devault, Jerrold L. Belant, Bradley F. Blackwell, James A. Martin, Jason A. Schmidt, Loren Wes Burger Jr, James W. Patterson Jr.
United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Scaling up for alternative energy such as solar, wind, and biofuel raises a number of environmental issues, notably changes in land use and adverse effects on wildlife. Airports offer one of the few land uses where reductions in wildlife abundance and habitat quality are necessary and socially acceptable, due to risk of wildlife collisions with aircraft. There are several uncertainties and limitations to establishing alternative energy production at airports, such as ensuring these facilities do not create wildlife attractants or other hazards. However, with careful planning, locating alternative energy projects at airports could help mitigate many of the challenges currently …
Cross-Cultural Ecotheology In The Poetry Of Li-Young Lee, Sienna Miquel Palmer Dittmer
Cross-Cultural Ecotheology In The Poetry Of Li-Young Lee, Sienna Miquel Palmer Dittmer
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the cross-cultural ecotheology of contemporary American poet Li-Young Lee by looking at the intersection of the human, the natural, and the sacred in his poetry. Close readings of Lee's poetic encounters with roses, persimmons, trees, wind, and light through the lens of Christianity and Daoism illustrate the way Lee is able to merge the Eastern concepts of interconnection and mutual harmony with Western ideas of sacredness and divinity. This discussion places Lee in direct conversation with modern and contemporary ecopoets who use the creative energy of language to express our moral and ethical responsibility to the world …
Secondary Instability Of Salt Sheets, Satoshi Kimura, William Smyth
Secondary Instability Of Salt Sheets, Satoshi Kimura, William Smyth
Journal of Marine Research
In the presence of a vertically varying horizontal current (background shear), the salt-fingering instability is supplanted by the salt-sheet instability. Previous direct numerical simulation (DNS) experiments on salt sheets revealed that flow becomes turbulent via secondary instabilities. We call these instabilities zig-zag and tip modes. Here, we investigate the physics of these modes using linear normal mode stability analysis. As the primary instability (salt-sheet instability) grows, the zig-zag mode emerges, which denotes undulation of growing salt sheets at the center of fingering regions. This mode is shown to be an extension of secondary instability of unsheared two-dimensional salt-fingering. The zig-zag …
Spin-Up And Adjustment Of The Antarctic Circumpolar Current And Global Pycnocline, Lesley C. Allison, Helen L. Johnson, David P. Marshall
Spin-Up And Adjustment Of The Antarctic Circumpolar Current And Global Pycnocline, Lesley C. Allison, Helen L. Johnson, David P. Marshall
Journal of Marine Research
A theory is presented for the adjustment of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and global pycnocline to a sudden and sustained change in wind forcing. The adjustment timescale is controlled by the mesoscale eddy diffusivity across the ACC, the mean width of the ACC, the surface area of the ocean basins to the north, and deep water formation in the North Atlantic. In particular, northern sinking may have the potential to shorten the timescale and reduce its sensitivity to Southern Ocean eddies, but the relative importance of northern sinking and Southern Ocean eddies cannot be determined precisely, largely due to …
Dispersion And Connectivity Estimates Along The U.S. West Coast From A Realistic Numerical Model, Patrick T. Drake, Christopher A. Edwards, John A. Barth
Dispersion And Connectivity Estimates Along The U.S. West Coast From A Realistic Numerical Model, Patrick T. Drake, Christopher A. Edwards, John A. Barth
Journal of Marine Research
Near-surface particle dispersion, larval dispersal and connectivity along the U.S west coast were explored using a realistic numerical model of the California Current System. Seasonal model velocities were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using Global Drifter Program data. The model displayed a clear seasonal cycle of eddy energy near the coast with energy maxima southwest of major headlands. Eddy speeds were correlated with drifter-based estimates during summer and fall when compared spatially. Over six million passive, Lagrangian particles were released in the upper 20 m of the water column within 10 km of the California and Oregon coasts and tracked for …
Transport And Retention Of The Mitten Crab (Eriocheir Sinensis) In A Mid-Atlantic Estuary: Predictions From A Larval Transport Model, Charles E. Tilburg, Ana I. Dittel, Douglas C. Miller, Charles E. Epifanio
Transport And Retention Of The Mitten Crab (Eriocheir Sinensis) In A Mid-Atlantic Estuary: Predictions From A Larval Transport Model, Charles E. Tilburg, Ana I. Dittel, Douglas C. Miller, Charles E. Epifanio
Journal of Marine Research
Invasive species cause extensive ecological damage in freshwater and marine habitats and are a threat to biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems world-wide. One such species, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, has invasive populations in northern Europe and San Francisco Bay, and there are confirmed reports of breeding female crabs in both the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. Despite their threat to these ecosystems, there are still large gaps in the current understanding of this species' larval biology that are critical to predicting the potential for large populations to establish in East Coast bays and estuaries. We addressed these issues by using …
Vladimir Kamenkovich – Scientist And Teacher, V. O. Ivchenko, G. M. Reznik
Vladimir Kamenkovich – Scientist And Teacher, V. O. Ivchenko, G. M. Reznik
Journal of Marine Research
This special collection of articles is dedicated to Vladimir Kamenkovich, on the occasion of his 80th birthday. We take this opportunity to celebrate his extraordinary career in science and education. Through his pioneering work, Vladimir Kamenkovich has made important contributions to the development of modern physical oceanography, being, in the words of Peter Rhines, “a great force in ocean dynamics,” and he has inspired many scientists worldwide. It is fair to say that the field of ocean dynamics would have been very different if Vladimir had chosen a different career path.
The Two-Layer Skirted Island, Joseph Pedlosky, Roberto Iacono, Ernesto Napolitano, Michael A. Spall
The Two-Layer Skirted Island, Joseph Pedlosky, Roberto Iacono, Ernesto Napolitano, Michael A. Spall
Journal of Marine Research
The flow around a planetary scale island in a baroclinic ocean is examined when the island possesses a topographic skirt representing a steep continental slope and the ocean is modeled as a two-layer system in order to examine the role of stratification in the circulation. The study extends an earlier barotropic model of similar geometry and forcing to focus on the degree to which the topography, limited here to the lower of the two layers, affects the circulation and to what degree the circulation is shielded by stratification from the topographic effects noted in the simpler barotropic model. As in …
Numerical Simulations Of Dense Water Cascading On A Steep Slope, Fred Wobus, Georgy I. Shapiro, Miguel A. M. Maqueda, John M. Huthnance
Numerical Simulations Of Dense Water Cascading On A Steep Slope, Fred Wobus, Georgy I. Shapiro, Miguel A. M. Maqueda, John M. Huthnance
Journal of Marine Research
The sinking of dense shelf waters down the continental slope (or "cascading") contributes to oceanic water mass formation and carbon cycling. Cascading over steep bottom topography is studied here in numerical experiments using POLCOMS, a 3-D ocean circulation model using a terrain-following s-coordinate system. The model setup is based on a laboratory experiment of a continuous dense water flow from a central source on a conical slope in a rotating tank. The governing parameters of the experiments are the density difference between plume and ambient water, the flow rate, the speed of rotation and (in the model) diffusivity and …
Impacts On The Global Ocean Circulation From Vertical Mixing And A Collapsing Ice Sheet, J. A. M. Green, G. R. Bigg
Impacts On The Global Ocean Circulation From Vertical Mixing And A Collapsing Ice Sheet, J. A. M. Green, G. R. Bigg
Journal of Marine Research
The current view of the global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is one where the Atlantic is a dominant basin for deep water formation, but with the potential for bipolar seesaws between the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic during catastrophic freshening events in either hemisphere. Here we investigate the stability of this paradigm through the response of an intermediate complexity coupled climate model, set in an oceanically more sensitive glacial configuration, to variation in the vertical mixing rates. It is found that the convective basin is set by the upper ocean diffusivity, with higher such diffusivities leading to a Pacific-dominated …