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Whitecap Suppression By Cloud Shadows On The Potomac River, Allen H. Schooley Jan 1972

Whitecap Suppression By Cloud Shadows On The Potomac River, Allen H. Schooley

Journal of Marine Research

Whitecaps are often generated on the Potomac River near the Naval Research Laboratory by wind fields associated with the passage of cold fronts. When the fronts clear the air so that sunshine prevails during the morning hour, usually about midday scattered cumulus clouds begin to appear....


The Temporal Structure Of Oceanic Motion Off The Oregon Coast, Northeastern Pacific, 1969, Toshitsugu Sakou, Steve Neshyba Jan 1972

The Temporal Structure Of Oceanic Motion Off The Oregon Coast, Northeastern Pacific, 1969, Toshitsugu Sakou, Steve Neshyba

Journal of Marine Research

Current measurements collected from an array of moored buoy stations off the coast of Oregon from April through November 1969 have been used to study the spatial and temporal structure of oceanic currents over the continental slope in the northeastern part of the Pacific....


Comments On "Ocean Spectra For The High-Frequency Waves As Determined From Airborne Radar Measurements", A. E. Strong Jan 1972

Comments On "Ocean Spectra For The High-Frequency Waves As Determined From Airborne Radar Measurements", A. E. Strong

Journal of Marine Research

Valenzuela et al. (1971) have discussed some interesting results relating radar backscatter to the gravity-capillary region of the ocean-wave spectrum. While they have attempted to relate their observed backscatter power to the wind speed, they have neglected to report the height above the surface at which these winds were observed....


Diel Migration Of Sound Scatterers Into, And Out Of, The Cariaco Trench Anoxic Water, Donald F. Wilson Jan 1972

Diel Migration Of Sound Scatterers Into, And Out Of, The Cariaco Trench Anoxic Water, Donald F. Wilson

Journal of Marine Research

Acoustic measurements at 25 kHz show that a well-defined sound-scattering layer in the Cariaco Trench migrates down in the early morning to the oxic-anoxic interface and splits into two components: one remains in oxygen-deficient water above the interface; the other penetrates several hundred meters into the anoxic hydrogen sulfide- and methane-containing region of the water column....


A Technique For The Direct Measurements Of Ocean Currents From Aircraft, William S. Richardson, Henry J. White Jr., Laszlo Nemeth Jan 1972

A Technique For The Direct Measurements Of Ocean Currents From Aircraft, William S. Richardson, Henry J. White Jr., Laszlo Nemeth

Journal of Marine Research

A method for measuring surface and subsurface ocean currents from aircraft is described. Comparisons of measurements using this technique with those obtained from a ship are given and applications are discussed.


A Vertical Profile Of Deep Horizontal Current Near Cape Lookout, North Carolina, T. E. Pochapsky, F. D. Malone Jan 1972

A Vertical Profile Of Deep Horizontal Current Near Cape Lookout, North Carolina, T. E. Pochapsky, F. D. Malone

Journal of Marine Research

The acoustic transit times for a float to sink to a bottom-anchored triangular array of disposable transponders are used to construct a horizontal current profile in the anticyclonic shear region of the Gulf Stream, southeast of Cape Lookout, North Carolina....


A Device For Collecting In-Situ Samples Of Suspended Sediment For Microscopic Analysis, J. R. Schubel, E. W. Schiemer Jan 1972

A Device For Collecting In-Situ Samples Of Suspended Sediment For Microscopic Analysis, J. R. Schubel, E. W. Schiemer

Journal of Marine Research

An in-situ sampler for collecting small samples of suspended sediment for microscopic analysis bas been built and tested. The device rapidly freezes a thin layer of water entrapping all of the suspended particles in it; when the sampler is recovered, the disc of ice is placed on a suitable substrate and freeze-dried. The particles can then be examined in an undisturbed state with a light microscope or with an electron microscope.


Estuarine Circulation Induced By Diffusion, Donald V. Hansen, Maurice Rattray Jr. Jan 1972

Estuarine Circulation Induced By Diffusion, Donald V. Hansen, Maurice Rattray Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Similarity solutions of the equations for estuarine circulation and salt balance are presented for a circulation generated by diffusive modification of stratification maintained at the entrance to an inlet by external dynamics rather than by fresh water discharged directly into the inlet....


A Second Approximation To Mass Transport By Water Waves, J. F.A. Sleath Jan 1972

A Second Approximation To Mass Transport By Water Waves, J. F.A. Sleath

Journal of Marine Research

A second approximation, involving terms up to the fourth order in wave steepness, is developed for the mass-transport velocity in the laminar boundary layer above a smooth bed under the action of progressive waves in water of constant depth. Discrepancies between the previous theory and experiment are shown to be due to neglect of these higher-order terms and not to the influence of turbulence, as has been supposed.


Determination Of Phosphate In Seawater By An Isobutyl-Acetate-Extraction Procedure, Paul Pakalns, Blanka R. Mcallister Jan 1972

Determination Of Phosphate In Seawater By An Isobutyl-Acetate-Extraction Procedure, Paul Pakalns, Blanka R. Mcallister

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes methods for determining the quantity of inorganic phosphate and total phosphorus in seawater by extracting the molybdophosphoric acid with isobutyl acetate and by then reducing the solution to heteropoly blue. Arsenic and silicate in amounts ordinarily encountered in seawater do not interfere.


The Production Of Surface-Active Material By Marine Phytoplankton Cultures, W. B. Wilson, Albert Collier Jan 1972

The Production Of Surface-Active Material By Marine Phytoplankton Cultures, W. B. Wilson, Albert Collier

Journal of Marine Research

The production of surface-active materials (surfactants) by axenic cultures of five marine diatoms, a dinoflagellate, and a coccolithophorid (all grown in uniform culture conditions) was determined by measuring the volume and stability of the foam produced by shaking....


Some Model Experiments On Continental Shelf Waves, D. R. Caldwell, D. L. Cutchin, M. S. Longuet-Higgins Jan 1972

Some Model Experiments On Continental Shelf Waves, D. R. Caldwell, D. L. Cutchin, M. S. Longuet-Higgins

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes some model experiments that verify the theoretical form of continental shelf waves. Both the dispersion relationship and the positions of the orbital gyres are confirmed. The existence of a maximum frequency for each mode, with a corresponding zero group velocity, may be of significance for field observations.


Water Characteristics At 200 Cl/T In The Intertropical Indian Ocean During The Southwest Monsoon, G. S. Sharma Jan 1972

Water Characteristics At 200 Cl/T In The Intertropical Indian Ocean During The Southwest Monsoon, G. S. Sharma

Journal of Marine Research

Depth, salinity, and oxyty on the 200-cl/t isanosteric surface have been mapped for the intertropical Indian Ocean during the southwest monsoon season. The data used for this study have come from 522 stations occupied during the International Indian Ocean Expedition....


A Numerical Experiment For The Path Of The Kuroshio, A. R. Robinson, B. A. Taft Jan 1972

A Numerical Experiment For The Path Of The Kuroshio, A. R. Robinson, B. A. Taft

Journal of Marine Research

There are two stable patterns of flow for the Kuroshio south of Japan: (i) flow along the continental slope, all the way east to the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge; and (ii) a southeastward meander away from the continental slope south of Shikoku, out over deep water. We have modeled the Ku.roshio as a steady free inertial jet that extends to the bottom over at least a portion of its path....


Redox Potentials By Equilibration, W. G. Breck Jan 1972

Redox Potentials By Equilibration, W. G. Breck

Journal of Marine Research

Defined in this paper is a new approach to Eh that allows determination of the redox level of aerated natural waters by a principle of equilibration, thus avoiding the disadvantages of using electrodes in association with any particular chemical system, such as platinum/oxygen.


Arsenate In The Western North Atlantic And Adjacent Regions, David L. Johnson, Michael E.Q. Pilson Jan 1972

Arsenate In The Western North Atlantic And Adjacent Regions, David L. Johnson, Michael E.Q. Pilson

Journal of Marine Research

The concentration of arsenate was measured at 25 stations in the North Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico….


A Three-Dimensional Current Meter For Estuarine Applications, Wm. J. Wiseman Jr., R. M. Crosby, D. W. Pritchard Jan 1972

A Three-Dimensional Current Meter For Estuarine Applications, Wm. J. Wiseman Jr., R. M. Crosby, D. W. Pritchard

Journal of Marine Research

A curr ent meter that is capable of measuring the high-frequency fluctuations of the three-dimensional velocity vector has been developed. The meter works on a doppler-shift principle. At high velocities, the meter has been shown to have an accuracy of better than 3%.


On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure, George Veronis Jan 1972

On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrographic station data, consisting principally of temperature and salinity determinations, have been used by physical oceanographers to develop a climatological picture of the distribution of these quantities in the oceans of the world. Density as determined by Knudsen's formula, taken together with hydrostatic and geostrophic dynamics, also provides a crude picture of oceanic flow....


Plutonium-239 In And Over The Atlantic Ocean, V. T. Bowen, K. M. Wong, V. E. Noshkin Jan 1971

Plutonium-239 In And Over The Atlantic Ocean, V. T. Bowen, K. M. Wong, V. E. Noshkin

Journal of Marine Research

Plutonium-239 has been found in over-ocean aerosols in about the same ratio to Strontium-90 as that reported over land. In seawater, Pu-239:Sr-90 ratios are shown to be less than half of those in over-ocean aerosols, confirming geochemical separation of these nuclides in the ocean. It is suggested that the sedimentation of Pu-239 may be more involved with biological processes than has been found for Ce-144 or Pm-147.


Seiche Motions For A Basin Of Rectangular Plan And Of Nonuniform Depth, D. J. Clarke Jan 1971

Seiche Motions For A Basin Of Rectangular Plan And Of Nonuniform Depth, D. J. Clarke

Journal of Marine Research

The two-dimensional modes of oscillation of a fluid in a rectangular basin are found from the linearized equations of motion in terms of transport variables by employing an extension of Galerkin's method. The depth function is arbitrary in so far as the vertical accelerations remain negligible and is herein chosen as a first-degree function of the space variables to illustrate the technique....


Ocean Spectra For The High-Frequency Waves As Determined From Airborne Radar Measurements, G. R. Valenzuela, M. B. Laing, J. C. Daley Jan 1971

Ocean Spectra For The High-Frequency Waves As Determined From Airborne Radar Measurements, G. R. Valenzuela, M. B. Laing, J. C. Daley

Journal of Marine Research

The possibilities of using radar to obtain oceanographic information are described. Ocean spectra for the short gravity and gravity-capillary waves have been derived from radar crosssection measurements for vertical polarization at 428 MHz, 1228 MHz, 4455 MHz, and 8910 MHz....


Some Exact Solutions To The Equations Describing An Ideal-Fluid Thermocline, Pierre Welander Jan 1971

Some Exact Solutions To The Equations Describing An Ideal-Fluid Thermocline, Pierre Welander

Journal of Marine Research

The equations that describe a steady ideal-fluid motion have a first integral that expresses a functional relationship between the potential vorticity P, the density ϱ, and the Bernoulli function B: P = F(ϱ,B).


Observations On Short-Period Internal Waves In Massachusetts Bay, David Halpern Jan 1971

Observations On Short-Period Internal Waves In Massachusetts Bay, David Halpern

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature measurements made 9 km west of a prominent sill in Massachusetts Bay indicate that the seasonal thermocline heaves up and down in phase with periods of 6 to 8 minutes for about 2.5 hours during flood tide. A sudden rise in the general temperature level accompanies the onset of the short-period motion....


New Evidence Of The Equatorial Undercurrent East Of The Galapagos Islands, Merritt R. Stevenson, Bruce A. Taft Jan 1971

New Evidence Of The Equatorial Undercurrent East Of The Galapagos Islands, Merritt R. Stevenson, Bruce A. Taft

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements made between the Galapagos Islands and Ecuador in June and October 1967 revealed the existence of a subsurface high-salinity core aligned beneath the southern edge of the Equatorial Front….


Spatial Structure Of Inertial-Period Motions In A Two-Layered Sea, Based On Observations, Friedrich Schott Jan 1971

Spatial Structure Of Inertial-Period Motions In A Two-Layered Sea, Based On Observations, Friedrich Schott

Journal of Marine Research

Spatial coherence and phase relationships of inertial-period motions have been inferred from an experiment with four moorings in the northern North Sea where the density profile was almost two-layered. The inertial-period currents showed antiphase between the upper and lower layers; the coherence between both layers was high. The inertial-period temperature fluctuations were in phase throughout the thermocline.


On The Wind-Driven Circulation Of A Stratified Ocean, J. A. Johnson Jan 1971

On The Wind-Driven Circulation Of A Stratified Ocean, J. A. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

A theoretical study is made of the response of a stratified ocean to an applied wind stress. The ocean has been divided into an Ekman layer, a thermal layer, and an almost isothermal abyssal layer. The velocity and temperature fields were found by matching with the Ekman layer suction produced by the wind stress and by an upwelling condition at the eastern boundary. The surface temperature was determined principally by advection of heat with the oceanic circulation.


Panama Basin Deep Water----Properties And Circulation, Norman P. Laird Jan 1971

Panama Basin Deep Water----Properties And Circulation, Norman P. Laird

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature, salinity, and dissolved-oxygen data from the deep waters of the Panama Basin suggest that water enters the Basin through a single pass near Ecuador and subsequently spreads to the north and west. The flow is blocked in places by subsills, and warming occurs through mixing and geothermal heating. The bottom water appears to have a residence time of about 175 years, and heat flow is believed to be important in the renewal process in the bottom water.


The Measurement Of Respiratory Electron-Transport Activity In Marine Phytoplankton, T. T. Packard Jan 1971

The Measurement Of Respiratory Electron-Transport Activity In Marine Phytoplankton, T. T. Packard

Journal of Marine Research

A tetrazolium-reduction method for the measurement of the respiratory electron-transport activity in plankton is described . The method is sensitive to 0.03 µg cell nitrogen and can be used to estimate total plankton respiration.


On The Circulation Of The Intermediate Water In The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, José L. Buscaglia Jan 1971

On The Circulation Of The Intermediate Water In The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, José L. Buscaglia

Journal of Marine Research

In early studies of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South Atlantic it was assumed that the flow was mostly thermohaline and meridional. However, there is evidence that the wind-driven subtropical anticyclonic circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean extends to and includes the Intermediate Water, as in other oceans.


Relationship Of Potential Temperature And Silicate In The Deep Waters Between Cape Lookout, North Carolina, And Bermuda, Unnsteinn Stefánsson, Larry P. Atkinson Jan 1971

Relationship Of Potential Temperature And Silicate In The Deep Waters Between Cape Lookout, North Carolina, And Bermuda, Unnsteinn Stefánsson, Larry P. Atkinson

Journal of Marine Research

The relationship between potential temperature…