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Rural School Employees' Awareness And Perceptions Of Adult Vaccinations: A District-Wide Study, Eli Gary Thornton

Theses and Dissertations

As key members of the school environment, it is important for school employees to be vaccinated. Employees are in direct contact with children in close quarters for long periods of time and such an environment can easily serve as an outbreak center for vaccine-preventable communicable diseases such as measles. Despite the fact that most school employees believe vaccines are safe and effective and many school employees report they are up-to-date with their vaccines, a closer examination reveals discrepancy between belief and behavior. As a vaccine advocate, the school nurse can be influential in providing adult vaccination education for school employees, …

Vaccination Perceptions And Barriers Of School Employees: A Pilot Study, Kim Cranney Houle

Theses and Dissertations

Schools are group settings where vaccine-preventable diseases can spread quickly, especially if vaccination rates are suboptimal. Vaccination of school children has been the subject of many studies; however, data are lacking regarding the vaccination status, vaccination perceptions, and potential barriers to vaccination for school employees. Method: A questionnaire was developed to measure school employees' perceptions,awareness of current vaccination status, and potential barriers to vaccinations. This study included a convenience sample of 277 employees from a small urban school district located in central Utah. Results: Adult vaccination knowledge is lacking in the school employee population, with over half believing they were …

Fixing The Vaccine Act's Structural Moral Hazard, Brandon L. Boxler

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The article presents information on the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. It discusses the U.S. Federal circuit case Hazlehurst v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., in which lawsuit against the defendant was filed by the plaintiff who sought claims against the liability of product to recover damages for alleged injuries which his son had received from vaccines. It also provides information on the structural moral hazard of the program which devolves it into a litigious adjudicatory process.

Alternative Vaccination Schedules (Avs) : Detection Of Avs In New York State Using Immunization Registry Data, Jessica A. Nadeau

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Intentional deviation from the recommended childhood vaccine schedule (RVS), referred to as an alternative vaccination schedule (AVS) is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States. Physicians may accommodate vaccine-hesitant parents with an AVS as a compromise position to allow some vaccinations to be given, but in doing so children remain vulnerable to vaccine-preventable disease for a longer period of time. This research expands upon the nascent literature by proposing a unified definition of AVS, quantifying the prevalence of infants following an AVS in New York State (NYS) (exclusive of New York City) by geographic area and community and medical practice …

A Case Of Childhood Vaccination Barrier: Migrant And Seasonal Farmworkers, İbrahi̇m Koruk, Zeynep Şi̇mşek, Süda Teki̇n Koruk

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The Expanded Program on Immunization has proven to be one of the most effective public health strategies. However, the literature contends that medically disadvantaged groups have been associated with less compliance with vaccination calendars and schedules. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to investigate the vaccination coverage of the children of migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFs) and to identify their specific barriers to vaccination. Materials and methods: A total of 168 children aged 12-23 months were recruited to the study from a primary healthcare center. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire targeting the issues of infant vaccination status, …

Guidance From Vaccination Jurisprudence, Michael Ulrich

Faculty Scholarship

The lengthy history of case law covering compulsory vaccination policies state consistently that conscientious exemptions and evaluating their validity can be difficult, administratively cumbersome, and potentially unconstitutional.

Regulatory T-Cells And Associated Pathways In Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc) Patients Undergoing Dc-Vaccination And Cytokine-Therapy, Adrian Schwarzer, Benita Wolf, Jan L. Fisher, Thomas Schwaab, Sven Olek, Udo Baron, Craig R. Tomlinson, John D. Seigne, Nancy A. Crosby, Jiang Gui, Thomas H. Hampton, Camilo E. Fadul, John A. Heaney, Marc S. Ernstoff

Dartmouth Scholarship

Purpose: To evaluate CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (TREG) and associated immune-regulatory pathways in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients and healthy volunteers. We subsequently investigated the effects of immunotherapy on circulating TREG combining an extensive phenotype examination, DNA methylation analysis and global transcriptome analysis.

Design: Eighteen patients with mRCC and twelve volunteers (controls) were available for analysis. TREG phenotype was examined using flow cytometry (FCM). TREG were also quantified by analyzing the epigenetic status of the FOXP3 locus using methylation specific PCR. As a third approach, RNA of the PBL was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip …

Human Papillomavirus Among Gay And Bisexual Men: The Need For Education And Vaccination 2012, Anne Fernandez, Elsa Larson

Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer Center

In the United States, rates of anal cancer among MSM are higher than rates of cervical cancer among women. This presentation has a Ms Power point and PDF.

Modeling The Effect Of Environmental Factors On The Spread Of Bacterial Disease In An Economically Structured Population, Ram Naresh, Surabhi Pandey

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

We have proposed and analyzed a nonlinear mathematical model for the spread of bacterial disease in an economically structured population (rich and poor) including the role of vaccination. It is assumed that rich susceptible get infected through direct contact with infectives in the same class and with infectives from the poor class who work as service providers in the houses of rich people, living in much cleaner environment. The susceptible in the poor class are assumed to become infected through direct contact with infectives in the same class as well as by bacteria present in their own environment, degraded due …

Achieving High Coverage In Rwanda's National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programme, Agnes Binagwaho, Claire Wagner, Maurice Gatera, Corine Karema, Cameron T. Nutt, Fidele Ngabo

Dartmouth Scholarship

Problem: Virtually all women who have cervical cancer are infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Of the 275000 women who die from cervical cancer every year, 88% live in developing countries. Two vaccines against the HPV have been approved. However, vaccine implementation in low-income countries tends to lag behind implementation in high-income countries by 15 to 20 years.

Approach: In 2011, Rwanda’s Ministry of Health partnered with Merck to offer the Gardasil HPV vaccine to all girls of appropriate age. The Ministry formed a “public–private community partnership” to ensure effective and equitable delivery.

Local setting: Thanks to a strong national …

A Social Controversy: Autism Spectrum Disorder's Correlation To The Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination, Lindsay A. Frye

Senior Honors Theses

A 1998 research study lead by Dr. Andrew Wakefield linked the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination as a probable cause to autism spectrum disorder. This publication has started a significant debate among healthcare professionals and instigated an anti-vaccination movement within the general population. This vaccination controversy was started by parents who readily accepted Wakefield’s findings as truth and frequently would choose to withdrawal the administration of vaccinations from their children’s care plans. There has also been disapproval by healthcare professionals over Wakefield’s study since numerous research teams have been unable to replicate his findings. This disagreement surrounding the MMR vaccination is likely …

Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid And Acellular Pertussis Vaccination And Influenza Vaccination Of Pregnant And Postpartum Women, Colleen M. Mccormick

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Introduction: Infants ≤2 months are at greatest risk for morbidity/mortality from pertussis. Tdap vaccines given in late pregnancy or postpartum can protect infants from pertussis. Pregnancy increases risks for maternal and perinatal complications. Influenza vaccine (FLUV) given in pregnancy can protect women and newborns.

Objectives: To determine Tdap and FLUV rates in pregnant and postpartum patients and identify factors associated with vaccination.

Methods: Miami Valley Hospital delivery records from 01/2009-12/2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Data reviewed included age, insurance, race/ethnicity, and county of residence. Descriptive statistics analyzed prevalence of immunization, timing, and demographics. Chi-square and odds ratios detected differences between characteristics. …

Hepatitis B In The United States: Ongoing Missed Opportunities For Hepatitis B Vaccination, Evidence From The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 2007, F Ladak, A Gjelsvik, E Feller, S R. Rosenthal

Health & Wellness Department Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Modeling Spread Of Polio With The Role Of Vaccination, Manju Agarwal, Archana S. Bhadauria

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we have proposed and analyzed a nonlinear mathematical model for the spread of Polio in a population with variable size structure including the role of vaccination. A threshold parameter, R , is found that completely determines the stability dynamics and outcome of the disease. It is found that if R 1, the disease free equilibrium is stable and the disease dies out. However, if R >1, there exists a unique endemic equilibrium that is locally asymptotically stable. Conditions for the persistence of the disease are determined by means of Fonda’s theorem. Moreover, numerical simulation of the proposed …

An Assessment Of Hpv Vaccination By Georgia Physicians: Knowledge, Barriers, Supports, Practices, And Adherence To Acip Guidelines And Recommendations, Elizabeth Dixon

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine Georgia physicians' administration of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to 11-12 year old females according to the Advisory Council Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines, their intention to recommend HPV vaccine to 11-12 year old males, and their perceived knowledge and barriers associated with HPV vaccination. A distinction between urban and rural was examined to determine if there were differences in HPV vaccination recommendation. A stratified sample was created from the Georgia Vaccine For Children (VFC) provider list. The final sampling frame included 264 (n = 264) providers. Of these, 218 physicians were …

A Recombinant Hendra Virus G Glycoprotein-Based Subunit Vaccine Protects Ferrets From Lethal Hendra Virus Challenge, Jackie Pallister, Deborah Middleton, Lin-Fa Wang, Reuben Klein, Jessica Haining, Rachel Robinson, Manabu Yamada, John White, Jean Payne, Yan-Ru Feng, Yee-Peng Chan, Christopher C. Broder

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The henipaviruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), are two deadly zoonotic viruses for which no vaccines or therapeutics have yet been approved for human or livestock use. In 14 outbreaks since 1994 HeV has been responsible for multiple fatalities in horses and humans, with all known human infections resulting from close contact with infected horses. A vaccine that prevents virus shedding in infected horses could interrupt the chain of transmission to humans and therefore prevent HeV disease in both. Here we characterise HeV infection in a ferret model and show that it closely mirrors the disease seen in …

Balancing Policy Tensions Of The Vaccine Act In Light Of The Omnibus Autism Proceeding: Are Petitioners Getting A Fair Shot At Compensation?, Laura A. Binski

Hofstra Law Review

No abstract provided.

Leishmania Persistence And Host Cell Interactions, Michael Mandell

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Leishmania parasites are the causative agent of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. An important aspect of Leishmania biology is asymptomatic parasite persistence, which typically occurs after clinical cure. Persistent parasites remain enigmatic despite their importance as reservoirs for transmission, having roles in maintaining protective immunity, and posing the risk of reactivation. I developed methods for assessing parasite replication by BrdU labeling and showed that persistently infected mice harbor two sub-populations of L. major, one labeling similarly to acute-phase parasites, with the other showing much less labeling. That persistent parasite replication occurs without a commensurate increase in parasite number implies parasite …

Mathematical Model To Assess The Relative Effectiveness Of Rift Valley Fever Countermeasures, Holly Gaff, Colleen Burgess, Jacqueline Jackson, Tianchan Niu, Yiannis Papelis, David Hartley

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Mathematical modeling of infectious diseases is increasingly used to explicate the mechanics of disease propagation, impact of controls, and sensitivity of countermeasures. The authors demonstrate use of a Rift Valley Fever (RVF) model to study efficacy of countermeasures to disease transmission parameters. RVF is a viral infectious disease that propagates through infected mosquitoes and primarily affects animals but also humans. Vaccines exist to protect against the disease but there is lack of data comparing efficacy of vaccination with alternative countermeasures such as managing mosquito population or destroying infected livestock. This paper presents a compartmentalized multispecies deterministic ordinary differential equation model …

Mathematical Modeling, Simulation, And Time Series Analysis Of Seasonal Epidemics., Eric Shu Numfor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seasonal and non-seasonal Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered-Susceptible (SEIRS) models are formulated and analyzed. It is proved that the disease-free steady state of the non-seasonal model is locally asymptotically stable if R_v < 1, and disease invades if R_v > 1. For the seasonal SEIRS model, it is shown that the disease-free periodic solution is locally asymptotically stable when R̅_v < 1, and I(t) is persistent with sustained oscillations when R̅_v > 1. Numerical simulations indicate that the orbit representing I(t) decays when R̅_v < 1 < R_v. The seasonal SEIRS model with routine and pulse vaccination is simulated, and results depict an unsustained decrease …

What If We Were Equal: A Mississippi Health Assessment, Arthur G. Cosby, Warren A. Jones, Lindsay B. Jones, Sangeetha Shivaji, Robert E. Greenberg, Colleen Mckee, Tara Morgan, Emily Nations, Tonya T. Neaves, Elliot Welford, Bailey Smith

SSRC Publications

Mississippi has become a poster child for many of the societal problems affecting the disadvantaged of our nation. Of the challenges facing Mississippi, none are more important than the problems of health and health care pervading our population.

The Sir Epidemiology Model In Predicting Herd Immunity, Joanna Nicho

Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two

The Simple Epidemic Model uses three states to describe the spread of an infection: the susceptible (S), the infected (I), and the recovered (R). This model follows the trend of an infection over time and can predict whether an infection will spread. Using this model, epidemiologists may calculate the percentage of the population that needs to be vaccinated in order to provide a population immunity from a disease. This study will compare the vaccination percentage required for herd immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella against the current percentage of vaccinated individuals.

The United States Smallpox Bioterrorism Preparedness Plan: Rational Response Or Potemkin Planning, Edward P. Richards Iii

William Mitchell Law Review

No abstract provided.

Knowledge And Awareness About H1n1 Influenza (Swine Flu) Among University Students, Suneel Kumar Parvathareddy

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

H1N1 influenza (Swine influenza or Swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pigs. Worldwide, as of October 17, 2009, there have been more than 414,000 laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 and nearly 5000 deaths. The 2009 flu pandemic is a global outbreak of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 and was first identified April 2009 in Mexico. On June 11, 2009, WHO declared the H1N1 outbreak as a pandemic. Worldwide, as of April 11, 2010, more than 214 countries and …

The Relationship Between Mosquito Abundance And Rice Field Density In The Republic Of Korea, Erin E. Richards, Penny Masuoka, David Brett-Major, Matthew Smith, Terry A. Klein, Heung Chul Kim, Assaf Anyamba, John Grieco

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis (JE), is endemic to the Republic of Korea (ROK) where unvaccinated United States (U.S.) military Service members, civilians and family members are stationed. The primary vector of the JEV in the ROK is Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The ecological relationship between Culex spp. and rice fields has been studied extensively; rice fields have been shown to increase the prevalence of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. This research was conducted to determine if the quantification of rice field land cover surrounding U.S. military installations in the ROK should be used as a parameter in a …

Source Representation And Framing In Childhood Immunization Communication, April Raneri

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research has indicated a strong interest in knowing who is being represented and how information is being represented in the communication about childhood immunization. This study uses a two-part analysis to look at source representation and framing in childhood immunization communication. A quantitative analysis of articles from the New York Times and USA Today were examined for their source representation, their use of fear appeals, through the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM), and the use of frames, through the application of Prospect Theory. A qualitative semiotic analysis was conducted on 36 images that appeared on www.yahoo.com and www.google.com to find …

Determinants Of Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Adults In The United States: Nhanes 1999-2006, Conschetta Wright

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of vaccination and HBV infection status of adults and to evaluate the trend in self reported vaccination and seroprevalence for Hepatitis B for this population. Additionally, this study sought to assess the association between vaccination rates, seroprevalence (HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs), demographic (age, gender, location of birth, race/ethnicity), and socioeconomic (annual household income, education level, insurance coverage and access to care, marital status) characteristics. Methods: Eight years, 1999-2006, of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were used. NHANES participants aged 20-59 years who contributed data …

“This Isn’T Like Diphtheria, You Know?”: The Sociocultural Context Of Human Papillomavirus Immunization, Potential Mandates, And Narratives Of Risk Among, Hannah Louise Helmy

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Many in the biomedical community have praised the recently released Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, Gardasil, for having the potential to significantly reduce the disease burden of cervical cancer and genital warts. However, complex intersections of ideology, morality, and politics have made this new vaccine considerably contested, particularly as public debate has turned to the ethics of state-mandated HPV vaccination for 11-12 year old girls. Subsequently, the extent to which mandatory vaccinations are accepted by parents and implications regarding the infringement of these coercive measures on their rights to make health care decisions for their children has become powerfully positioned in …

The Association Between The Measles, Mumps, And Rubella Vaccine And The Development Of Autism: A Meta-Analysis, Rashad Carlton

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Autism is a childhood developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, difficulty with verbal and nonverbal communication and limited activities. The root cause of autism is unknown. However it has been postulated that administration of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine may be causally related to the development of autism. MMR vaccination is a requirement for entry into schools, so any increase in adverse events associated with the vaccine carries widespread public health importance.

The primary objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the association between the MMR vaccination and the development of autism. The meta-analysis …

The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Should It Be Mandatory Or Voluntary?, Carrie A. Roll

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.