Digital Commons Network^™

Acculturation Pressures And Substance Use Among Latino Populations In The U.S., Julie Misiewicz, Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-Macphail

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

In 2001, the Office of the Surgeon General classified Latinos with substance use disorders as a vulnerable population (Villalobos & Bridges, 2018). Although Guerrero et al. (2013) found that rates of substance use among Latinos were comparable to or exceeded those of other ethnic groups, disparities remain in access to and quality of treatment. Early adulthood is considered a high-risk period for substance use, yet Latino individuals may face additional pressures during this developmental stage while exploring identity and navigating acculturation (Unger et al., 2014). Despite documented links between acculturation pressures and substance use, little was understood about how these …

Fear Of The Other: Explaining Immigration Anxiety In The United States, Ramon Arguelles

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Illegal immigration has become one of the most politically divisive issues in the United States, with many Americans fearing its social, political, and economic effects. This paper examines possible causes of the fear of illegal immigration, specifically focusing on media consumption, employment status, and education level. Using Wave 11 of the Chapman Survey of American Fears, a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults, this paper analyzes whether these variables can serve as indicators of fear of illegal immigration. Drawing on media framing theory, labor-market competition theory, and theories of education and cognitive sophistication, three hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation …

The Intersection Of Religion & Politics In The United States: Analyses At The Federal And State Level, Cristina Melissa Pimenta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This project examines the intersection of religion and politics in the United States, particularly concerning Christian Nationalism. Existing scholarship has linked the religio-political ideology to several culturally relevant issues, including xenophobia and nativism, racism, homophobia and transphobia, and anti-vaccine rhetoric. My dissertation continues this research by exploring the impact of Christian Nationalism on reproductive rights and, in turn, on gender equality. I assert that as the saliency of Christian Nationalism in the United States has increased, gender equality has decreased. I also argue that the higher the saliency of Christian Nationalism in an individual state, the lower the gender equality …

Age And Congressional Leader Success: Are They Getting Too Old, Edward N. Drinkwine, Scot Schraufnagel

Honors Capstones

Congressional leaders play a central role in shaping legislative agendas, maintaining party cohesion, and negotiating policy outcomes. Despite the important roles they play, our nation's congressional leaders continue to grow older, and research has rarely examined how age influences their effectiveness in these roles. This study asks whether older congressional leaders are less effective at advancing legislation than their younger counterparts. Using data on leaders serving in the U.S. House and Senate from the 93rd through the 118th Congress, the analysis compares leaders’ ages with their Legislative Effectiveness Score Ratios, controlling for legal experience, state legislative experience, elite education, ideology, …

Sustainment Of Hydroxyurea Adherence In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Andrew M Heitzer, Zachary Wooten, Guangjin Luo, Marsha Treadwell, Allison A King, Victor R Gordeuk, Nirmish Shah, Christina M Abrams, Sarah Mccuskee, Siera Gollan, Jennifer Longoria, Jane S Hankins, Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Despite established treatment guidelines and strong therapeutic benefit, hydroxyurea remains underused among patients with sickle cell disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the change in self-reported hydroxyurea use (ie, taking the medication at all) and adherence (ie, the number of days taken per week) over time and to examine factors associated with the trajectory of hydroxyurea use and adherence.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected through the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium, a longitudinal, multicenter, observational cohort study that recruited patients from 8 centers across the US. Data collection occurred from 2017 to 2022, and analyses were performed from January …

Understanding Challenges Faced By Refugee Women And Women With Experiences Of Forced Migration In Entrepreneurship In The Midwest Region Of The United States, Ritu Jadwani

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The labor market participation of refugee women was only 6%. The United States had the maximum employment rate for the refugee women population, which was 40%, as compared to 6% in Germany, Lebanon, and Jordan (Kabir & Klugman, 2019). Refugee women faced many challenges in labor force participation and especially in entrepreneurship. As demonstrated by Desai, Naude, and Stel (2020), refugees faced challenges like cultural integration, language barriers, level of education, and acceptance of education merits. This eventually led to disparities in income generation. Thus, many either remained in low-paying jobs or started their own business (Desai et al., 2020). …

Exploring The Alignment Between Medical School Outcomes With Residency Competencies: A Modified Delphi Study, Sally A. Santen, Luan Lawson, Jose A. Negrete Manriquez, Marjorie Westerveld, Laurah Turner, Anita Wilson, Phd, Yoon Soo Park, Eric S. Holmboe, Michael S. Ryan, Medical School Outcomes Milestone Study Group

JeffMD Academic Affairs

PURPOSE: Facilitation of competency-based medical education adoption would benefit from alignment between medical school (undergraduate medical education [UME]) and residency (graduate medical education [GME]) assessments. This study explores the strength of an a priori alignment of medical school assessments with residency competency domains to guide programmatic assessment and research.

METHOD: In fall 2023, the authors (US faculty with UME and GME expertise) used a 2-phase Delphi consensus approach (9 participants in phase 1 and 16 in phase 2) to independently map medical school assessments to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competency domains (0, no association; 1, some or …

Domain-Specific Concussion Knowledge And Reporting In United States Major League Rugby Players, Julie Stamm, Katherine Hunzinger, Owen Sheehy, Christine Baugh

Department of Exercise Science Faculty Papers

Previous research indicates high concussion knowledge is not associated with better concussion reporting, with research examining the relationship between reporting and global concussion knowledge. Concussion knowledge has not yet been investigated in United States Major League Rugby (MLR) players. This study evaluated domain-specific concussion knowledge, concussion history, and reporting behaviors among active MLR players. In a cross-sectional design, 207 MLR athletes (age 26.6 ± 3.4 years) completed a survey assessing concussion history, knowledge, and nondisclosure reasons. While in the MLR, 24% reported an undisclosed concussion, with nondisclosure reasons related to a lack of concussion knowledge, a desire to continue playing, …

The Anti-‘Refugee Crisis’: A Comparative Analysis Of Anti-Immigrant Extremist Violence In The United States And The Nordic Countries, Ethan Mitchell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Using data from the U.S. Extremist Crime Database (ECDB), the Bias Homicide Database (BHDB), and the Right-Wing Terrorism and Violence (RTV) database, this study explores how attributes of anti-immigrant extremist violence compare across the United States and the Nordic countries. Compared to the long, complicated history of U.S. immigration and anti-immigrant violence, the homogeneity of the Nordic nations has only relatively recently been interrupted by mass immigration events like the mid-2010s’ “refugee crisis.” Rapid demographic change in these nations has inspired increased levels of extremism targeting immigrants and refugees. Quantitative analyses of cases ranging from 1990-2022 illuminate how broader social, …

Long Covid Persistence And Surveillance Gaps Across 58 Us Hospitals, Jiazi Tian, Alaleh Azhir, Matthew Decaro, Ngan Chau, Jonas Hügel, Michele Morris, Jingya Cheng, Pedram Fard, Ingrid V Bassett, Douglas S Bell, Elmer V Bernstam, Shyam Visweswaran, Jeffrey G Klann, Shawn N Murphy, Hossein Estiri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Surveillance of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) depends on diagnostic coding systems that capture fewer than one-half of affected individuals, rendering millions invisible to health systems and policymakers.

Objective: To quantify the gap between true PASC burden and diagnostic code-based estimates, determine the proportion representing chronic disease, and characterize organ system heterogeneity and temporal trends across diverse populations.

Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from 58 hospitals and affiliated clinics in 4 US regions, from 2017 to 2025. Adults (aged ≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or a COVID-19 diagnosis code …

Restorative Justice In Cache Valley: Building Community Resilience Through Restorative Practices, Rivkah Haubner

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Restorative justice as a field of study is primarily applied to criminal justice proceedings or similar topics. As such, its use as a tool in political organizing is an underdeveloped field. Due to its Indigenous history, restorative justice has intrinsically ant-colonial, anti-imperial, and anti-racist roots and is therefore already situated within the ethos of many progressive movements. Historically, radical movements within the United States and across the world experienced both internal and external pressures that undermined their goals. Restorative justice offers a framework through which to understand political action as a whole and specific tools to address internal conflict within …

Great Power Competition In Africa: U.S. Aid Responses To Chinese Aid And Investment, Ebenezer Nana Botsio

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Over the past two decades, China’s rapid expansion of aid and investment throughout sub-Saharan Africa has raised questions about how the United States responds to growing competition in the region. While the impact of China’s aid has been the subject of considerable study, far less attention has been given to how other donors shift their strategies to adjust. This thesis asks a simple but rather consequential question: does the US change how it gives aid in Africa in response to China’s ever-growing footprint? 

With data from 54 African countries, I find that the United States does not attempt to directly …

Human Trafficking Of Children Efficacy Of Counter Trafficking Programs For Youth, Alma Rodriguez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Human trafficking is a global problem, and it is a significant problem within the United States. Children are a vulnerable group that become victims of human trafficking operations. Human trafficking prevention programs are available to address this issue, but there is much needed research to test the effectiveness of the countertrafficking programs for high-risk children. This study is a systematic review of studies on countertrafficking programs. This study will use a mixed methods approach to analyze quantitative and qualitative data from selected studies. This study hopes to find if current counter-trafficking programs are effective in preventing at-risk youth from becoming …

Why So Few? Sense-Making The Latino Librarian’S Place In The Hispanic-Serving Institution: A Phenomenological Approach, Valentin Macias Jr.

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Despite record Latinx student enrollment across California's higher education systems, Latino men remain severely underrepresented in academic librarianship, comprising less than 0.5% of librarians nationally. This persistent gap represents a critical equity issue within a profession that increasingly serves diverse student populations. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of twelve Latino male academic library professionals at Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) through in-depth interviews to understand the factors shaping their professional identity, the barriers they encounter, and what sustains their persistence in the profession. Using transcendental phenomenology as the methodological approach and Critical Race Theory as the theoretical framework, the study …

Exploring How Acculturation In Childhood Impacts The Adult Identity Of Children Of Hispanic/Latinx Immigrants, Maritza De La Torre, Irene Zapata-Macareno

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to provide perspective of struggles with identity for children of Hispanic immigrants. There is limited existing literature on the impact of acculturation on children of Hispanic/Latinx immigrants in the United States. The intention is to provide insight about common experiences and underlying traumas faced by individuals who grow up in immigrant Hispanic/Latinx families. The objective is to provide adults with some insight into their identity based on their specific family dynamic since there is a gap in society about the topic. This study will use a phenomenological qualitative approach to collect data through semi-structured …

Tips For Health Care Practitioners: A Guide For Adolescent Obesity, Regina Santana

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Adolescent obesity continues to be a significant public health concern that is associated with long term physical consequences. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence based, user friendly guidebook that supports healthcare professionals in the education of adolescents with obesity and their families. A structured literature review development process was used to inform the current development of the guidebook. The guidebook includes components of obesity management such as nutrition and physical activity recommendations. The validity of the content was established through the evaluation of five healthcare professionals that include registered dietitians and licensed therapists. The guidebook was …

Analyzing Social Implications Of The Gender Wage Gap, Jessie A. Clarke

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The researcher seeks to understand the gender wage gap in the United States. The research question studied is “Why do women in the United States on average earn less income than men?” Women gain less power and resources as they earn less income than men. The researcher explores the phenomenon in this paper. This research proposal utilizes qualitative methods via interviews, and analysis through coding. In previous research, there is a lack of inclusion on the gender wage gap regarding various identities such as sexual orientation, other gender identities, and race/ethnicity. The researcher hopes to fill in these gaps in …

A Qualitative Study Of Maternal Morbidity And Mortality In The United States, Stacy D. Harris

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Maternal morbidity and mortality (MMM) in America are largely preventable. The aim is to analyze disparities found in women of color regarding MMM in America and evaluate: How does adequate maternal health care affect the morbidity and mortality disparities found in communities of disadvantaged mothers? This research will employ a qualitative analysis of mothers, a more specified age group, and region (West Coast) of the United States. Previous work neglected to obtain in-depth, first-hand interviews with mothers residing regionally in the United States from a specified age group. An interview guide will be used to conduct comprehensive interviews virtually. Expert …

Safety And Efficacy Of Individualised Exercise And Nad+ Precursor Supplementation In Patients With Friedreich’S Ataxia In The Usa: A Single-Centre, 2 × 2 Factorial, Randomised Controlled Trial, Kimberly Lin, Anna Bucha, Kara Mcsweeney, Kristin Wade, Antoneta Karaj, Jaclyn Tamaroff, Shannon O'Malley, Nicole Chung, Nicolette Cilenti, Julianne Wanner, Gabriel Adzika, Clementina Mesaros, Ian Blair, Teerapat Rojsajjakul, Suraj Serai, Jennifer Farmer, Kyle Bryant, Yingying Lu, Michael Harhay, David Weber, Stephen Paridon, Erin Seifert, Mary Putt, Payman Zamani, Joseph Baur, David Lynch, Shana Mccormack

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND:Friedreich's ataxia is a rare, chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative condition affecting multiple organ systems, including neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiac, and endocrine systems, and is marked by low cardiopulmonary fitness. We tested the effect of exercise and NAD⁺ precursor supplementation with nicotinamide riboside, which have each shown benefits in animal and early clinical studies, on cardiopulmonary fitness in individuals with Friedreich's ataxia.

METHODS: This 12-week, outpatient, phase 2, single-site (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA), randomised, 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial recruited individuals aged 10–40 years with an ejection fraction of 45% or greater who were able to exercise. A …

Phenotypic Diversity And Outcomes In Pediatric Nmda Receptor Encephalitis: A 15-Year Retrospective Study From The Largest Children's Hospital In The United States, Alexander J Sandweiss, Timothy Erickson, Yike Jiang, Varun Kannan, Jonathan M Yarimi, Kristen S Fisher, Nikita Shukla, Tim Lotze, Eyal Muscal, Kristy O Murray

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Anti‐NMDAR encephalitis (NMDARE) is an autoantibody‐mediated disorder characterized by seizures, movement disorders, neurocognitive deficits, and psychosis, but the complete phenotypic heterogeneity, and outcomes are incompletely understood in children. This single‐center retrospective analysis of NMDARE at the largest pediatric hospital in the United States between 2009 and 2024 screened 115 patients diagnosed with NMDARE. 103 had sufficient clinical data available for analyses. Two‐thirds were Hispanic, disproportionate to the Houston metro area demographics, and Hispanic patients had a higher CSF white cell count and antibody titer. Approximately one‐half of the patients with idiopathic NMDARE presented with a focal cortical phenotype that localized …

Maternal Fish Intake In The Year Prior To Conception And Birth Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011, Dorothy Kim Waller, Zeyu Miao, Renata H Benjamin, Richard Finnell, Nithya Lakshmi Mohan Dass, Eirini Nestoridi, Marcia C De Oliveira Otto, Julie Peterson, Tunu Ramadhani, Mark A Canfield

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Epidemiologic data on the association between maternal fish intake and birth defects are sparse. Our objective was to assess associations between maternal fish intake and 52 different birth defects, most of which have not been assessed previously.

Methods: Using logistic regression, data was analyzed for 29,242 mothers of infants with birth defects and 10,973 mothers of control infants who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) and delivered between 1997 and 2011. We focused on associations between mothers who reported high fish intake of 2 or more servings of fish per week for the year prior to …

Hiding In Plain Sight: A Call To Prevent Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Transmission In The United States, Juan David Ramírez, Sarah M Gunter, Megan Coffee, Norman Beatty, Dawn M Wetzel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), once considered a travel-associated tropical disease, is increasingly transmitted within the United States, particularly in southern regions. Despite mounting evidence of local transmission, public health recognition and preventive infrastructure remain limited. This Viewpoint highlights the urgent need to shift the U.S. CL response from questioning endemicity to preventing transmission. We review ecological, clinical, and surveillance data demonstrating the presence of competent vectors, animal reservoirs, and autochthonous human cases. Diagnostic delays, underreporting, and insufficient provider training contribute to missed prevention opportunities. Climate change and peri-urban rodent-human contact data further heighten future risk. A coordinated response is essential, including …

Seroprevalence Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Asymptomatic Patients Served By A Safety-Net Healthcare System, Aaron P Thrift, Peyman Dinarvand, Luis Juarez, Jourdan Brown, Daniel Avila, Jennifer Mistica Zafiro Garcia-Villanueva, Lisa C Danek, Hammad Mahmood, Thomas Porter, Ann Gotschall, Noreen F Pirzada, Jaime J Rueda, Lee B Lu, Afroze Ali, Ijeoma Anyakorah, Sanjana J Bhattarai, Anees Fatima, Jessica Garcia, Hung V Nguyen, Bharat Joshi, Malvika Juneja, Misba S Lateef, Najda Mujtaba, Preethi V Nambi, Jay S Orr, Huma Rahman, Stephanie Nguyen, Amna Waqar, Yanyan Chen, David Y Graham, Hashem B El-Serag, Mimi C Tan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background & aims: Helicobacter pylori screening and eradication is a cost-effective strategy for primary gastric cancer prevention in high-risk populations outside the United States. There is a paucity of population-based H pylori seroprevalence data available in high-risk U.S. groups, particularly data for low-income, uninsured patient populations.

Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional study of a largely underserved, immigrant, and minority patient population. Inclusion criteria included asymptomatic individuals 30-65 years of age without prior H pylori testing or treatment. Consented patients completed a study survey and a blood draw to screen for H pylori using IgG serology. We calculated seroprevalence …

A Smoking-Related Plasma Protein Score And Smoking-Related Cancer Risk And Mortality In The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Meng Ru, Christopher Douville, Aghiles Guenoun, Hana Zahed, Christie M Ballantyne, Kenneth R Butler, Josef Coresh, David J Couper, Panagis Galiatsatos, Marc J Gunter, Ron C Hoogeveen, Mattias Johansson, Corinne E Joshu, P Martijn Kolijn, Christina M Lill, Jiayun Lu, Michael T Marrone, Giovanna Masala, David C Muller, Anna E Prizment, Raul Zamora-Ros, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Adrienne Tin, Elizabeth A Platz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Self-reported smoking may not fully capture individualized risk of smoking-related cancer, but circulating proteins may reflect biological consequences of smoking. Thus, we developed a score based on smoking-related proteins and evaluated its association with smoking-related cancer.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 10 563 participants aged 47-70 years in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Plasma proteins were measured using the SomaScan Platform (SomaLogic Operating Co, Inc). The score was constructed from proteins associated with current smoking, pack-years, or recent quitting identified by linear regression and elastic net regression. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and …

The Resilient Study: A Retrospective, Descriptive, Correlational Investigation Of Correlates Of Oral Endocrine Therapy Adherence In Older Women With Breast Cancer., Sunny Y. Ruggeri, Cynthia L. Russell Lippincott, Gregory L. Alexander, Rebecca J. Bartlett Ellis, Steven R. Chesnut, Lori A. Erickson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most prevalent and costly cancer. Oral endocrine therapy (OET) improves survival rates and quality of life while reducing recurrence, mortality, morbidity, and medical costs. However, adherence to OET is challenging because OET is prescribed for 5-10 years. Determinants of OET nonadherence (NA) among women aged 65 and older remain poorly characterized. Existing studies are limited, often focusing on small, single-site samples and focusing on patient-level rather than multi-level determinants. Despite the unique needs of older women, research on OET-NA remains scarce.

OBJECTIVE: This study identified multi-level determinants of OET-NA in older women using ecological systems …

Treatment Of Haemophilia A Without Inhibitors: Real-World Treatment Patterns And Clinical Outcomes In The Us., Allison P. Wheeler, Lauren Amos Md, Shveta Gupta, Sylvie Bozzi, Gandarvaka Miles, Kalyani Hawaldar, Andrew Wilson, Gillian Hanson, Emily Cibelli, Amanda Wilson, Siddhi Umarje, Anne-Laure Tardy, Jennifer Dumont, Graham Neill, Alix Arnaud

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: Despite available prophylactic therapies for haemophilia A, breakthrough bleeding and consequent pain and joint damage still occur.

AIM: To provide insights into the unmet treatment needs of people with moderate-to-severe haemophilia A in the US.

METHODS: For this descriptive, observational cohort study, eligible participants diagnosed with moderate-to-severe haemophilia A were enrolled in the PicnicHealth database on or before 3 October 2022. Three patient groups were established to identify: (1) treatment patterns; (2) clinical outcomes by therapy class (standard half-life [SHL] factor VIII [FVIII]; extended half-life FVIII [EHL]; emicizumab); (3) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measuring …

Perceived Neighborhood Environment And Objectively Assessed, Habitual Physical Activity Among Us Adults: An All Of Us Research Program Study, Natalia I Heredia, Michael C Robertson, Christopher D Pfledderer, Ethan T Hunt, Timothy J Walker, Deborah Salvo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between perceived socioenvironmental neighborhood attributes and objectively assessed habitual physical activity among US adults as well as whether associations vary by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: We used data from the All of Us research program, a longitudinal cohort study of a diverse sample of Americans. Perceived neighborhood social cohesion, physical and social disorder, walkability, and sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported. Habitual physical activity was ascertained using Fitbit-derived step counts over ≥24 weeks. Generalized additive mixed-effects models were used to test the associations between perceived socioenvironmental neighborhood attributes and daily step counts. …

The Current Status Of Infant Oral Health Instruction Within Predoctoral Dental Education, Beau D Meyer, Priyanshi Ritwik, Jean Star, Timothy Followell, Mikhail Jones, Leola Royston, Brenda Bohaty, Martina Majstorovic, Adriana Modesto Gomes Da Silva, Katherine Chin, James R Boynton, Chelsea Fosse

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A pediatric dental home is a patient-provider relationship that establishes compassionate, comprehensive care that is continually accessible. For more than two decades, professional organizations have recommended children establish a dental home by their first birthday. In 2024, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) Council on Pre-Doctoral Education had a governance charge approved by the AAPD Board of Trustees to evaluate the status of infant oral health (IOH) instruction in pre-doctoral dental education. This study was designed to describe the current state of didactic and clinical clock hours dedicated to IOH in U.S. pre-doctoral curricula. Following IRB approval, a 25-item …

Promises, Pitfalls, And Paths Forward For The Pediatric Research Equity Act., Alexa L. Pagano, Danielle J. Green, Jennifer Goldman, Anjali Deshmukh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Since its enactment in 2003, the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) has significantly increased the number of pediatric drug studies performed and expanded pediatric drug labeling. Despite these advancements, many drugs used in children still lack pediatric-specific US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling, even when pediatric studies are required by law. Recent legislative changes strengthened the FDA's enforcement authority over PREA. As these changes are implemented, persistent gaps in pediatric drug development warrant examination. Addressing these gaps may help ensure that children are systematically included in clinical research and that medications used in children are supported by rigorous …

Without Their Consent: The History Of Involuntary Sterilization Of Women Of Color In The United States, Guadalupe Cataldo

Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies

Throughout the history of the United States, there is a continuous theme of women of color and immigrant women experiencing violations of their reproductive rights, including sterilization abuse. Under eugenics laws and initiatives, these women have been sterilized to prevent the reproduction of people that those in power deemed “unfit.” Due to intersecting gender, racial, and socioeconomic statuses, women of color have been more vulnerable to involuntary sterilization than their more privileged peers. Through the review of research articles, analysis of documentary interviews, collection of relevant news articles, and archival research of materials produced by organizations fighting sterilization abuse, this …