Digital Commons Network^™

Insurance Type And Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use Among Us Women, Arina Chesnokova, Sunni Mumford, Allison Schachter, Rebecca Hamm, Scott Lorch, Matthew Klebanoff, Sarah Lindley, Erika Harness, Makeba Williams, Marilyn Schapira

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

IMPORTANCE: Access to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in the US remains low. Understanding whether insurance type is associated with MHT underuse and racial disparities in menopausal care is critical for designing interventions that increase evidence-based and equitable menopause care.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether Medicaid compared with private insurance is associated with lower MHT use among US women. A secondary objective explored the degree that payer type is associated with observed racial differences in MHT use.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used the 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2020 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to identify …

Fluoroquinolone Use And Risk Of Pneumothorax In Adults Hospitalized With Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Steven Yi B. S., Saurav Sumughan B.S., Jessica Cobb M. D., Erika J. Yoo

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between fluoroquinolone exposure and pneumothorax risk in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. We defined two mutually exclusive cohorts of hospitalized adults based on exposure to antibiotic classes commonly used to treat community acquired pneumonia: fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin) versus nonfluoroquinolone (amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline). Patients with connective tissue disorders were excluded. The primary outcome was the occurrence of pneumothorax within 60 days. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for demographics, …

Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics At Presentation And Outcomes Of Provoked Venous Thromboembolism In United States Children: A Secondary Analysis Of The Multinational Kids-Duration Of Therapy For Thrombosis Trial., Hope P. Wilson, Maua M. Alleyne, Sanjay Ahuja, Ernest Amankwah, Aisha Bruce, Shannon L. Carpenter, Fernando F. Corrales-Medina, Craig A. Mullen, Arun Panigrahi, Lakshmi Srivaths, Courtney D. Thornburg, Anupam Verma, Gary Woods, Neil A. Goldenberg, Madhvi Rajpurkar

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with adverse long-term sequelae, including recurrence and development of chronic venous insufficiency following limb deep vein thrombosis (postthrombotic syndrome [PTS]). Adult VTE studies have demonstrated that lower socioeconomic status, Black race, and Latinx ethnicity are associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Clinical trial-derived pediatric VTE data are limited.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess whether clinical features of provoked VTE and outcomes vary across sociodemographic characteristics and proxies for social determinants of health among children enrolled in the Kids-duration of therapy for thrombosis trial.

METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis …

Prescribed Short-Acting Hormonal Contraceptive Use Among Premenopausal Females, Israel Bacha, Suleepon Uttamapinan, Hannah Harsanyi, Abigail Liberty, Lin Yang, Adetunji T Toriola

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Hormonal contraceptive use has important implications for both reproductive and general health. However, the patterns and trends of short-acting hormonal contraceptive use among US premenopausal females remain insufficiently characterized.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in and factors associated with prescribed short-acting hormonal contraceptive use among US premenopausal females.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Serial, cross-sectional analyses were conducted using US nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including 10 survey cycles between 1999 to 2000 and 2017 to 2020 (before the COVID-19 pandemic). Participants included noninstitutionalized premenopausal females aged 15 years to younger than 60 years …

Improving Infant Health Equity: What Have We Learned, What Do We Do, Dewayne M Pursley, F Sessions Cole

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The United States neonatal and infant mortality rates have declined substantially over the last six decades. Despite these reductions, significant racial disparities in mortality and other important outcomes have persisted. While increased risk of preterm birth is a major contributor to these differences, racial inequities in risk-adjusted outcomes such as gestational age-specific and major congenital anomaly-associated mortality remain. Race-specific differences in inter- and intra-neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) practices associated with worse outcomes for infants of color suggest opportunities for reducing these disparate health outcomes during and after NICU hospitalization. Identifying NICU-based contributing factors and implementing factor-specific improvement strategies can …

A Multifaceted Approach To Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescents Ages 10-14 In A Public Health Clinic, Amy T. Norris

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and a leading cause of several preventable cancers. Although the HPV vaccine is safe, highly effective, and routinely recommended for adolescents, vaccination rates remain below national targets, particularly in rural and public health settings. Multiple internal and external factors contribute to low HPV vaccination rates in public health settings.

Purpose: The Doctor of Nursing Practice quality improvement project aimed to increase HPV vaccine uptake through the implementation of a multifaceted, evidence-based intervention.

Project Design: Guided by Pender’s Health Promotion Model and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, …

Cerebrovascular Risk With Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies Versus Onabotulinumtoxina In Patients With Migraine: A Real-World Pharmacoepidemiologic Study In The National Institutes Of Health All Of Us Research Program, Sedat Gül, Bradley Ong, Stephen Trudeau, Nicolas Thompson, Hsiangkuo Yuan

Department of Jefferson Headache Center Papers and Presentations

AimTo evaluate whether initiation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was non-inferior to initiation of onabotulinumtoxinA with respect to the hazard of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (IS + TIA) in a real-world cohort of adults with migraine.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, active-comparator, new-user pharmacoepidemiology study using the NIH All of Us Research Program Registered Tier Dataset (v8). Adults with migraine initiating CGRP mAbs (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, eptinezumab) were compared with initiators of onabotulinumtoxinA from January 2018 through September 2023. The primary outcome was IS + TIA occurring more than 90 days after treatment initiation. Inverse probability of …

Adlm Guidance Document On Incorporating Gender Diversity In Pathology And Laboratory Medicine, Tiffany A Thomas, Gabrielle N Winston-Mcpherson, Ina Amarillo, Alisha D Berry, Caroline J Davidge-Pitts, Sridevi Devaraj, Zil Goldstein, Brad S Karon, Brooke M Katzman, Mahmoud A Khalifa, Hung S Luu, James H Nichols, Tracy L Stockley, Michelle R Stoffel, Dina N Greene, Matthew D Krasowski

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The first international clinical standards of care for the gender-diverse population were formulated in the late 1970s. In the last 15 years, multiple subspecialty societies within the United States have developed clinical care guidelines for those with gender dysphoria, including gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and surgical treatments. To date, there are no pathology- and laboratory medicine-specific recommendations in the United States for the gender-diverse population.

Content: This document outlines pathology- and laboratory medicine-specific recommendations for providing optimal care to the gender-diverse population, with a predominant focus on the adult population. The scope of this document focuses on the following …

Risk Of Fracture Following Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors In Men With Advanced Prostate Cancer, Grace Lu-Yao, Nikita Nikita, Scott W. Keith, Krupa Gandhi, Amy L. Shaver, Swapnil Sharma, Christina Steinbock-Malfer, Hushan Yang, Christopher Yang, Kevin K. Zarrabi, Stephen J. Freedland, William K. Kelly

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: This population-based study aimed to quantify fracture risk after androgen receptor pathway inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer patients by preexisting health conditions.

METHODS: Patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare files who received abiraterone acetate with prednisone or enzalutamide between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020. Health and fracture history were based on claims 1 year before androgen receptor pathway inhibitor with follow-up through December 31, 2020. The main outcome of the study was the cumulative fracture risk after first date of androgen receptor pathway inhibitor. Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model was used to …

Diagnostic Stewardship Of Respiratory Cultures Using Clinical Decision Support In The Picu, Anna C Sick-Samuels, John C Lin, Rebecca G Same, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Endotracheal aspirate culture (EAC) practices for evaluation of ventilator-associated infections (VAI) vary widely across pediatric hospitals, and overuse can contribute to overdiagnosis and overtreatment for VAI. Diagnostic stewardship strategies to optimize EAC testing practices may reduce overtesting and unnecessary antibiotic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of diagnostic stewardship of EACs using clinical decision support with culture rates, antibiotic use, and patient outcomes across a multicenter collaborative of pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a multicenter cohort study with a pre-post study design among the BrighT STAR (Testing Stewardship for Antibiotic Reduction) Quality Improvement …

Current Adoption Of The Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index For Clinical Care-A Cross-Sectional Survey Study, Esther O Kuyinu, Joseph B Breitman, Arthur Nimmo, Jay S Patel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: To assess current utilization of the Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index (PDI), identify perceived benefits and limitations, and evaluate support for future updates.

Materials and methods: A survey regarding the use of the PDI was made available through email invitations to 68 US dental school prosthodontic/restorative department chairs (PD), 48 graduate prosthodontic program directors (GP), and 1834 private practice prosthodontists (PP) from the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) member database. The results of this initial survey were inconclusive due to low response rates. The survey was also administered during the 2024 ACP Annual Session with an improved response rate for educators. …

A Comparison Of Dual Vs. Single Diagnostic Code Approaches For Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome Surveillance In Neonates ≥ 35 Weeks Gestational Age, Marina Feffer

Biostatistics Collaborative Core: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background

Using dual ICD-10-CM codes for exposure/withdrawal (P04.49 or P96.1, respectively) may be more sensitive for identifying Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) than P96.1 alone. There are currently no studies that report on national prevalence using this dual code approach.

Objectives

We examined U.S. national NOWS prevalence trends comparing the dual vs. single code approach for surveillance.

Methods

2016–2022 cycles of cross-sectional data from the U.S. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Kids’ Inpatient Database were used to estimate weighted NOWS prevalence in newborns ≥ 35 weeks excluding iatrogenic cases. Generalized linear models with predictive margins were used to estimate prevalence …

Na-Gst-1 Adsorbed On Alhydrogel Co-Administered With Different Toll-Like Receptor Agonists In Hookworm-Naive Adults Using A Controlled Human Infection Model In The Usa: A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial, Caroline K Dirosato, Elissa M Malkin, Sean M Lee, Guacyara Erwin, Lara Hoeweler, Larissa Scholte, Maria Elena Bottazzi, David I Pritchard, Peter J Hotez, Jeffrey M Bethony, David J Diemert

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Necator americanus glutathione S-transferase-1 (Na-GST-1) performs a crucial enzymatic step in hookworm blood feeding and is a leading target for vaccine development. Phase 1 trials in Brazil, Gabon, and the USA of recombinant Na-GST-1 adsorbed on Alhydrogel (Na-GST-1/Al), co-administered with or without AP 10-701 (Toll-like receptor [TLR] 4 agonist) or CpG 10104 (TLR9 agonist), showed the vaccine was well tolerated, safe, and immunogenic. A controlled human hookworm infection (CHHI) model was previously developed to evaluate the effect of candidate hookworm vaccines on infection. We aimed to assess the effect of vaccination with three different Na-GST-1 vaccine formulations on subsequent …

Risk Factors And Implications Of The Unplanned Shunt In Carotid Endarterectomy, Luisa Trujillo-Guerrero, Camilo Ramírez-Giraldo, Gordon H Martin, Naveed U Saqib, Akiko Tanaka, Margaret L Jackson, Shah-Jahan Dodwad, S Keisin Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The implications of intraoperative shunting during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have been studied often with variable recommendations. While some surgeons favor routine shunting to minimize cerebral hypoperfusion, others reserve shunting based on intraoperative monitoring or high-risk clinical features. Predictors of shunt need not remain poorly defined. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with overall shunt use and unplanned shunting in patients undergoing CEA.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained large academic United States-based health system carotid surgery database between December 2004 and June 2024. Patients were stratified into two groups: procedures performed in absence …

Board Exam Preparation Resource Trends In Academic Health Sciences Libraries Serving Colleges Of Osteopathic Medicine Programs., Joanne Muellenbach, Kyle Robinson, Hsin-Liang (Oliver) Chen, Harold S Bright, Lori Fitterling

PCOM Scholarly Works

BACKGROUND: The study seeks to identify the board exam preparation (prep) resources made available to medical students by academic health sciences libraries and other departments within U.S. colleges of osteopathic medicine (COM) programs, and the extent to which these resources are utilized by medical students and educators.

METHODS: The study was conducted in two phases. In phase one, forty-two COM library directors were invited to complete a survey regarding their usage, funding, and access models for available board prep resources. In phase two, semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom to explore the library's role in providing access to these resources. …

Current Practices And Variations Among Pediatric Severe Asthma Programs In The United States-The North American Severe Pediatric Asthma Consortium., Kristina Gaietto, Nadia Krupp, Avani V. Shah, Erhan Ararat, Samantha H. Averill, Sachin Baxi, Matejka Cernelc-Kohan, Jeffrey M. Chambliss, Heather De Keyser, Monica Federico, Bob Geng, Akilah A. Jefferson, Parisa Kaviany, Lila C. Kertz, Kirsten Kloepfer, Allyson Larkin, Sydney Leibel, Tanya Martinez-Fernandez, Samira Naime, Robert D. Pesek, Dinesh K. Pillai, Deepa Rastogi, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Kristie R. Ross, Franziska J. Rosser, Tregony C. Simoneau, Jade Tam-Williams, Kelan G. Tantisira, William Anderson, Jonathan M. Gaffin, Theresa W. Guilbert, Erick Forno

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Severe and difficult to treat asthma in children is a complex condition causing significant morbidity and associated healthcare costs. While treatment guidelines exist for severe asthma, optimal treatment approaches for the pediatric population are less well established. Furthermore, best practices regarding real world management and implementation of guidelines for the severe pediatric asthma population are lacking. In order to provide care for this population, institutions around the United States have developed multidisciplinary severe pediatric asthma programs (SPAPs). In recent years, the North American Severe Pediatric Asthma Consortium (NASPAC) was established as a mechanism for SPAPs to collaborate and share …

Comprehensive Assessment Of Direct And Passive Smoking Across The Pancreatitis Spectrum, Samuel Han, Dhiraj Yadav, Jun Xu, Melena D Bellin, William E Fisher, Evan L Fogel, Chris Forsmark, Phil A Hart, Liang Li, Stephen J Pandol, Walter G Park, Guru Trikudanathan, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Santhi Swaroop Vege, Darwin L Conwell, Christie Y Jeon, Consortium For The Study Of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, And Pancreatic Cancer (Cpdpc)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: Smoking is a key risk factor for pancreatitis, contributing to pathogenesis and disease progression. Data regarding second-hand smoking, or passive smoking (PS) exposure, are lacking. We therefore aimed to assess the impact of PS exposure across the pancreatitis spectrum.

Methods: We analyzed baseline data from the PROCEED study, a multicenter study in the United States including patients with acute (AP), recurrent acute (RAP), and chronic (CP) pancreatitis. Participants detailed their individual smoking history and PS exposure, which was compared between AP, RAP, and CP subgroups. Participant factors and clinical characteristics were compared by level of individual and PS exposure. …

Online Rights Defense Among Chinese Americans Against Racial Aggression In The U.S. During The Covid-19, Fangzhu Lu, Wenshan Jia

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose

This study investigates how Chinese American communities responded to heightened racial discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing social media platforms to safeguard their civil rights, articulate collective concerns, and mobilize resistance against racial aggression.

Methodology

Through qualitative case study analysis, the research examines the social media activities of six advocacy organizations, including three X accounts (WashTheHate, Chinese for Affirmative Action, Asian Americans Advancing Justice) and three Instagram accounts (Stop AAPI Hate, Stop Asian Hate, Advancing Justice: AAJC). The analysis focuses on the content strategies and communication mechanisms employed to counteract racial hostility.

Findings

The selected organizations used social …

Stabilizing And Strengthening The Us Physician-Scientist Faculty Workforce In Academic Medicine: A Proposed Institutional Framework, Christopher S. Williams, Deborah J. Lenschow, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Physician-scientists represent one of the most impactful, yet underrecognized, innovations of 20th century academic medicine. Defined by a commitment to full-time careers in investigative work, physician-scientists have repeatedly demonstrated a unique ability to identify and solve problems of unmet medical need in a focused and intentional manner using their dual training in clinical medicine and the scientific method as both stethoscope and scalpel. Unfortunately, while the value of physician-scientists has never been greater, the institutional infrastructure to support them has never been explicitly defined (1), a deficiency now amplified by mounting financial pressures from both clinical revenue models and an …

Using United States Medicare Program Claims To Identify Reliable Measures Of Low Value Services Influenced By Primary Care Physician Decisions, Chris Fleming, Dmitriy Poznyak, Rhea E. Powell, Claire Erba, Eunhae Shin, Rui Wang, Claire Burkhart, Arkadipta Ghosh, Eugene C. Rich

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

BACKGROUND: Low-value services (LVS) are those that “… provide little to no benefit to patients….”¹ Among an existing set of 31 LVS are invasive procedures not typically performed by primary care physicians (PCPs), and other LVS that may be commonly provided by specialists. To facilitate research on the role of primary care physicians in low-value care, we sought to identify the reliability of two subsets of LVS measures that are more directly subject to PCPs’ decisions. We refer to these as primary care adjacent (“PCA”) LVS measures.

METHODS: Retrospective observational cohort study to identify which of a 31-item LVS …

Automated Alerts To Improve Timely Evaluation And Treatment Of Valvular Heart Disease: The Alert Trial., Wayne B Batchelor, Brian R Lindman, Megan Coylewright, Antoine Keller, Brody Wehman, Adnan Chhatriwalla, Sandeep M Patel, Kevin Stiver, Firas Zahr, Miguel Sotelo, Dongho Shin, Chris Rogers, Graeme L Hickey, Jamie Williams, Myra Fan, Sreekanth Vemulapalli

Medical Education Articles

BACKGROUND: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) and mitral regurgitation (MR) are frequently undertreated and characterized by persistent sex, racial and ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities despite effective valve therapies. Whether automated electronic clinician notification (ECN) alerts improve the evaluation and treatment of AS and MR across health systems is unknown.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ECN alerts improve guideline-directed evaluation and treatment of significant AS and MR across multiple health systems.

METHODS: ALERT is a multisystem, cluster-randomized clinical trial including clinicians ordering echocardiograms across 5 U.S. health systems encompassing 35 hospitals between August 2024 and September …

Identifying Social Determinants Of Health Subgroups And Their Associations With Health Outcomes In A Prospective Us Adult Covid-19 Cohort: An Analysis Of The Inspire Registry, Yohali Burrola-Mendez, Eugene Lin, Canada Parrish, Chialing Hsu, Mandy J. Hill, Michael Gottlieb, Kristin L. Rising, Lauren E. Wisk, Nicole L. Gentile, Rachel E. Geyer, Robert A. Weinstein, Michelle Santangelo, Kristyn Gatling, Jonathan W. Dyal, Joann G. Elmore, Robert M. Rodriguez, Phillip Watts, Ji Chen, Zihan Diao, Erica S. Spatz, Kwun Cg Chan, K A. Stephens, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Inspire Group

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To identify subgroups with similar social determinants of health (SDOH) characteristics using latent class analysis (LCA) and examine their associations with physical and mental health, cognitive function and missed workdays at 3 and 6 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hypothesised that intersecting SDOH factors would differentially influence COVID-19-related health outcomes across subgroups.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study from the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE), with longitudinal data collection and cross-sectional analyses at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups.

SETTING: Multicentre registry across eight US academic medical centres (Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, New Haven, Philadelphia, San Francisco and …

Cure Sickle Cell Initiative Recommendations On Common Data Elements For Sickle Cell Disease Gene Therapy Trials, Sophie Lanzkron, Victoria H. Coleman-Cowger, Alexis A. Thompson, C. Patrick Carroll, Traci Clemons, Michael Debaun, Julie Kanter, Punam Malik, Deepa Manwani, Francis John Pierciey, Mark C. Walters, Sherita Alai

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

The Cure Sickle Cell Initiative (CureSCi), created by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, has developed data standards to increase interoperability and meta-analysis of studies specifically investigating gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD). The aims of the CureSCi Common Data Elements (CDE) initiative are to facilitate the development of safe, effective, and accessible gene therapies. Five working groups (WGs) comprising people living with SCD, stakeholders, clinicians, and researchers reviewed current definitions used for SCD clinical studies, including those from the American Society of Hematology, US Food and Drug Administration, PhenX catalog of consensus measures for phenotypes and exposures, …

How International Copyright Approaches To Generative Ai May Influence The Development Of U.S. Copyright Laws For Ai, Tessa Chew

San Diego International Law Journal

Since late 2022, Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a vital technological tool in many industries by producing human-like content based on its trained datasets. This advancement has sparked an international debate over the ethical and legal implications of using copyrighted works for Artificial Intelligence (AI) training. Countries have taken differing legislative approaches to this issue. Japan aims to promote innovation with minimal restrictions; the United Kingdom aims to protect copyright holders by implementing strict AI copyright protections; and the European Union focuses on the transparency of the AI’s copyright use. The United States is currently at a regulatory …

From Improvised To Intentional: Re-Imagining The Physician-Scientist Career Path, Christopher S. Williams, Ashley L. Steed, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The physician-scientist career has historically progressed through individual persistence and improvisation, as physician-scientists have navigated the demands of clinical practice combined with biomedical research without a clearly structured path. While this approach has sustained the field for several decades, individual determination is increasingly insufficient in the current climate, given the growing complexity within both clinical and research training, as well as potential disruptions to research funding and health care reimbursement. The 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation/Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine/Burroughs Wellcome Fund Physician-Scientist Pathways Workshop convened national leaders and faculty at all career stages to assess existing structures and …

Policy Whiplash: Tariffs And Uncertainty Among Firms And Investors In 2025, Boau Lilly Shepherd

Economics Undergraduate Senior Theses

On April 2, 2025, President Donald Trump announced a series of reciprocal tariffs on U.S. trading partners, set to be implemented on April 9, 2025, a day he referred to as “Liberation Day”. Although these tariffs were paused almost immediately, they were subsequently renegotiated and revised throughout the summer of 2025. This paper finds evidence that Liberation Day caused a spike in uncertainty among firms and a spike in volatility among investors, while the subsequent summer revisions reduced uncertainty and volatility, despite tariff levels remaining substantially higher than those at the start of the year. These findings suggest that firms …

Science-Related Rhetoric And Action By United States Presidents From 1977-2017, Amanda E. Shea

Interdisciplinary Studies

Presidential rhetoric and executive action have played an important role in shaping how scientific issues are presented to the American public. This project examined how United States presidents from Jimmy Carter through Barack Obama (1977–2017) employed science-related rhetoric and policy regarding climate science and reproductive health. Findings suggest that reproductive health remained a partisan issue throughout the study period, while climate science shifted from a largely bipartisan concern to a more partisan one over time. The results also indicate that presidential rhetoric and executive action were not always aligned, with several administrations using science-related rhetoric more extensively than corresponding policy.

Sex-Based Disparities In Health Care Access And Utilization Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, Ji Mei May Wong, Peter R. Kowey

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: Females with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience a higher risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and mortality than males with AF. Theories suggest that sex-based differences in hormonal, structural, and electrophysiologic factors are associated with this imbalance; we hypothesized that sex-based differences in health care access and utilization (HCAU) are also underlying factors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sex-based disparities in HCAU barriers exist among individuals with AF.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data on patients with AF in the All of Us Research Program Registered Tier dataset (version 8), which contains integrated data from the electronic health record …

Updated 2026 Comprehensive Evidence-Based Guidelines For Facet Joint Interventions In The Management Of Chronic Spinal Pain: American Society Of Interventional Pain Physicians (Asipp) Guidelines, Laxmaiah Manchikanti, Mahendra R. Sanapati, Sheri L. Albers, Alan D. Kaye, Vinita Singh, Nebojsa Nick Knezevic, Rajesh Naidu Janapala, Amol Soin, Annu Navani, Adam M. Kaye, Ahad Mussarat, Alexander Bautista, Dajie Wang, Paul J. Christo, Maged Mina, Daneshvari R. Solanki, Devi Nampiaparampil, Gerard Limerick, John Manor, Kris Ferguson, Lynn Cintron, Michael Bottros, Shirley Chen, Shivam S. Shah, Vahid Grami, Douglas P. Beall, Shalini Shah, Sairam Atluri, Mittal S. Prajapati, Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Salahadin Abdi, Steve Aydin, Sanjay Bakshi, Joseph Cabaret, Aaron K. Calodney, Kenneth D. Candido, Christopher G. Gharibo, Mayank Gupta, Michael Harned, Standiford Helm Ii, Sachin Sunny Jha, Radomir Kosanovic, Vidyasagar Pampati, Ramarao Pasupuleti, Bradley W. Wargo, Hermant Kalia, Gary Schwartz, Joshua A. Hirsch

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Chronic axial spinal pain is a major contributor to disability and healthcare expenditures, with facet joints recognized as one of the established sources of pain.

OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-based guidance in performing diagnostic and therapeutic facet joint interventions.

METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel of experts from various medical and pharmaceutical disciplines, convened by the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP), reviewed the available evidence, considered patient perspectives, and formulated recommendations for facet joint interventions in the management of chronic pain.The methodology included the development of key questions with evidence-based statements and recommendations. Grading of the evidence and recommendations followed …

Toward Better Response Assessment Of Cutaneous Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Report From The National Institutes Of Health Consensus Project Task Force, Alina Markova, Iskra Pusic, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) Consensus Project established response criteria that enabled clinical trials and facilitated regulatory approval of multiple therapies. Nonetheless, organ-specific assessments have limitations, particularly for severe sclerotic skin involvement. Cutaneous manifestations occur in approximately half of patients with chronic GVHD but are difficult to evaluate due to heterogeneous clinical features. To address these challenges, the NIH Consensus Skin Task Force convened from 2024 to 2025 to refine skin response measures for use in clinical trials. This report (1) summarizes current diagnosis and scoring of skin chronic GVHD, (2) reviews existing response assessments, …