Digital Commons Network^™

Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prospective External And Temporal Validation Of The Hal And Homer Models, Gabriela Martinez-Zayas, Francisco A Almeida, Lonny Yarmus, Daniel Steinfort, Donald R Lazarus, Michael J Simoff, Timothy Saettele, Septimiu Murgu, Tarek Dammad, D Kevin Duong, Lakshmi Mudambi, Joshua J Filner, Sofia Molina, Carlos Aravena, Jeffrey Thiboutot, Asha Bonney, Adriana M Rueda, Labib G Debiane, D Kyle Hogarth, Harmeet Bedi, Mark Deffebach, Ala-Eddin S Sagar, Joseph Cicenia, Diana H Yu, Avi Cohen, Laura Frye, Horiana B Grosu, Thomas Gildea, David Feller-Kopman, Roberto F Casal, Michael Machuzak, Muhammad H Arain, Sonali Sethi, George A Eapen, Louis Lam, Carlos A Jimenez, Manuel Ribeiro, Laila Z Noor, Atul Mehta, Juhee Song, Humberto Choi, Junsheng Ma, Liang Li, David E Ost

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Two models, the Help with the Assessment of Adenopathy in Lung cancer (HAL) and Help with Oncologic Mediastinal Evaluation for Radiation (HOMER), were recently developed to estimate the probability of nodal disease in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as determined by endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The objective of this study was to prospectively externally validate both models at multiple centers.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Are the HAL and HOMER models valid across multiple centers?

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This multicenter prospective observational cohort study enrolled consecutive patients with PET-CT clinical-radiographic stages T1-3, N0-3, M0 NSCLC undergoing EBUS-TBNA staging. …

The Sixteenth Report Of The Congressional Oversight Commission, United States: Congressional Oversight Commission

Documents

No abstract provided.

Section 5. Deposit Insurance, United States: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Fdic)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Section 14. Borrowing Authority, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Fdic)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Whole-Genome Association Analyses Of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Phenotypes In The Nhlbi Topmed Program, Brian E Cade, Jiwon Lee, Tamar Sofer, Heming Wang, Man Zhang, Han Chen, Sina A Gharib, Daniel J Gottlieb, Xiuqing Guo, Jacqueline M Lane, Jingjing Liang, Xihong Lin, Hao Mei, Sanjay R Patel, Shaun M Purcell, Richa Saxena, Neomi A Shah, Daniel S Evans, Craig L Hanis, David R Hillman, Sutapa Mukherjee, Lyle J Palmer, Katie L Stone, Gregory J Tranah, Gonçalo R Abecasis, Eric A Boerwinkle, Adolfo Correa, L Adrienne Cupples, Robert C Kaplan, Deborah A Nickerson, Kari E North, Bruce M Psaty, Jerome I Rotter, Stephen S Rich, Russell P Tracy, Ramachandran S Vasan, James G Wilson, Xiaofeng Zhu, Susan Redline

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Sleep-disordered breathing is a common disorder associated with significant morbidity. The genetic architecture of sleep-disordered breathing remains poorly understood. Through the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, we performed the first whole-genome sequence analysis of sleep-disordered breathing.

METHODS: The study sample was comprised of 7988 individuals of diverse ancestry. Common-variant and pathway analyses included an additional 13,257 individuals. We examined five complementary traits describing different aspects of sleep-disordered breathing: the apnea-hypopnea index, average oxyhemoglobin desaturation per event, average and minimum oxyhemoglobin saturation across the sleep episode, and the percentage of sleep with oxyhemoglobin saturation < 90%. We adjusted for age, sex, BMI, study, and family structure using MMSKAT and EMMAX mixed linear model approaches. Additional bioinformatics analyses were performed with MetaXcan, GIGSEA, and ReMap.

RESULTS: We identified a …

On Estimating Personality Traits Of Us Supreme Court Justices, Ryan C. Black, Ryan J. Owens, Justin Wedeking, Patrick C. Wohlfarth

Political Science Faculty Publications

Psychological scholarship on personality is uniting with political science to redefine existing theories. This is clearly the case with research on judicial behavior and the US Supreme Court. But if this new approach is to survive and thrive, it must employ measures equal to the task. We show that Supreme Court Individual Personality Estimates, which seek to estimate justices’ personalities by examining their concurring opinions, suffer from a number of important methodological deficits that critically limit their usefulness. We briefly discuss what kinds of improved personality measures scholars should use instead and offer an improved set of estimates for one …

2021 General Sdr Allocation, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Questions And Answers On Special Drawing Rights, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Questions And Answers On Special Drawing Rights, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

Documents

No abstract provided.

An Upstander Is A Person In Your Neighborhood: Children, Sesame Street, And Race In 2020, Gemma Yoo

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

Educational children’s media, such as the program Sesame Street, may be the most accessible format for teaching young children about race and racism in the United States. Throughout its history, Sesame Street has attempted to confront racism through its diverse cast and, in the summer of 2020, by directly addressing the topic with children and families. However, both its passive representation and active discussion fall short of what is needed to confront systemic racism. This paper addresses Sesame Street’s past and present role as a leader in children’s educational media, and advocates that the program employ Critical Race Theory to …

Art As Protest: How Creative Activism Shaped “Black Lives Matter” In Richmond, Virginia, Anaheed Mobaraki

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

Unrest spurred by the resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States has flowed throughout the city of Richmond, Virginia. Unique forms of protest have proliferated across the city, encompassing several artistic tactics such as graffiti art, oral storytelling, graphic design, and movement art. This paper will explore the effectiveness of art as protest by analyzing its impacts on several foundational aspects of social movements. Combining my personal observations, scholarly literature, and research on other social movements, I have developed my own findings regarding the use of art in Richmond’s Black Lives Matter movement. I posit that …

Barriers To The Diagnosis Of Dyslexia In Children, Maria Cunningham

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

Dyslexia is a learning disability that impairs reading, writing, and spelling and is estimated to affect 5-20% of people (Shaywitz, 1998; Shaywitz, 2003). Although dyslexia is a life-long disability that has no cure, evidence-based treatments are available for struggling students (Shaywitz, 2003). The earlier these interventions are implemented, the better the student outcomes (Alexander & Slinger-Constant, 2004). However, despite the very high prevalence of dyslexia and time-sensitive need for treatment, many affected individuals slip through the cracks and go undiagnosed until adolescence or adulthood – most never get diagnosed at all (Shaywitz, 2003). This paper addresses potential barriers that contribute …

Returning To The Gender Gap In College Major: How Much Can Pre- College Skills Explain?, Nathalie Beauchamps

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

The gender wage gap in the United States is a well-known phenomenon and researchers across many disciplines have tried to pinpoint its cause. One popular explanation is the gender gap in college major choice; however, it is still unknown why women tend to major in so-called soft sciences and men in hard sciences. This paper builds upon Speer (2017)’s work studying the gender gap in major choice as explained by test scores. Rather than utilizing OLS regressions, I employ a Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method, which also shows how unspecified discrimination works for or against women (or men) in how much their …

A Case For African American Reparations: The Inheritance Of Racist Hierarchies And Moral Harm, Ko Cheang

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

In this paper, I will argue that living white Americans with no individual ethical responsibility in original wrongdoings such as slavery, segregation and mass incarceration against African Americans in the United States have an obligation to repair the ongoing, present-day reproductions of past injuries. Using the Lockean inheritance argument for Black reparations laid out by Bernard R. Boxill as a starting point, I will show how a narrow conception of inheritance as property-based and merely legal is insufficient to justify reparations for non-property-based harms such as dignity loss or bodily violations. Drawing upon James Baldwin’s notion of history to explain …

A Silent Injustice: Air Pollution As A Contributing Factor Of Covid-19 Health Disparities, Spencer Johnson

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a disproportionate impact on Black communities throughout the United States. This paper suggests that air pollution may be a factor for why Black individuals experience markedly poorer health outcomes after contracting COVID-19. It establishes that not only are Black Americans exposed to disproportionate amounts of air pollution, but also that many air pollution-related ailments are the exact ones that have been clinically proven to make COVID-19 more fatal. AV Whe UniWed SWaWeV diVcXVVeV ZhaW a ³neZ noUmal´ entails for healthcare practice and public health policy, this paper makes the case for why …

Operationalizing Culture: Refugees, Migration, And Mental Health In The Wake Of The Vietnam War, Helena Bui

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

!e end of the Vietnam War led to the migration of hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese refugees to the United States a"er political and economic upheaval. As another result, the refugees’ years of warfare, trauma, death, and injury began to manifest as unprecedented mental health issues that American physicians and researchers sought to understand. In this paper, I argue that American medical professionals— in good faith—operationalized [Vietnamese] culture to help themselves and their colleagues understand the mental health issues of Vietnamese refugees. Yet this operationalization acted as a double-edged sword. Viewing Western mental health discourse through the lens of Vietnamese …

Immunity As An Integral Aspect Of Tribal Sovereignty: An Analysis Of The Supreme Court Case Michigan V. Bay Mills Indian Community, Meghanlata Gupta

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

While Native nations in the United States have tribal sovereignty—that is, the inherent freedom and authority to govern themselves without outside control—non-Native actors have often challenged this institution within legal and political spaces. The United States court system, starting with the Marshall Court, has often attempted to define aspects of Indigenous sovereignty and federal-tribal relationships. The 2014 US Supreme Court case Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Community is no exception, raising questions of sovereign immunity in the context of Indian gaming, tribal-state relationships, and land trusts. This paper first provides a general context for the case, identifying relevant historical events …

Doj’S Refusal To Defend Mo Brooks Was Wrong; Prosecuting Trump Would Be Worse, Bruce Ledewitz

Newspaper Columns

Collected biweekly contributions to the Pennsylvania Capital-Star, a nonpartisan, nonprofit news site.

Rheumatic Heart Disease In The United States: Forgotten But Not Gone: Results Of A 10 Year Multicenter Review., Sarah R De Loizaga, Lindsay Arthur, Bhawna Arya, Brian Beckman, Wubishet Belay, Cole Brokamp, Nak Hyun Choi, Sean Connolly, Soham Dasgupta, Tavenner Dibert, Marylou M Dryer, Lakshmi R Gokanapudy Hahn, Elizabeth Anne Greene, Daphney Kernizan, Omar Khalid, Jennifer Klein, Ryan Kobayashi, Subhrajit Lahiri, Raymond P Lorenzoni, Andrea Otero Luna, Jennifer Marshall, Theodore Millette, Lily Moore, Babu Muhamed, Meghna Murali, Kinjal Parikh, Amy Sanyahumbi, Divya Shakti, Elizabeth Stein, Sanket Shah, Hannah Wilkins, Mcallister Windom, Scott Wirth, Meghan Zimmerman, Andrew F Beck, Nicholas Ollberding, Craig Sable, Andrea Beaton

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

Background Recent evaluation of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) mortality demonstrates disproportionate disease burden within the United States. However, there are few contemporary data on US children living with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and RHD. Methods and Results Twenty-two US pediatric institutions participated in a 10-year review (2008-2018) of electronic medical records and echocardiographic databases of children 4 to 17 years diagnosed with ARF/RHD to determine demographics, diagnosis, and management. Geocoding was used to determine a census tract-based socioeconomic deprivation index. Descriptive statistics of patient characteristics and regression analysis of RHD classification, disease severity, and initial antibiotic prescription according to community …

Rheumatic Heart Disease In The United States: Forgotten But Not Gone: Results Of A 10 Year Multicenter Review., Sarah R. De Loizaga, Lindsay Arthur, Bhawna Arya, Brian Beckman, Wubishet Belay, Cole Brokamp, Nak Hyun Choi, Sean Connolly, Soham Dasgupta, Tavenner Dibert, Marylou M. Dryer, Lakshmi R. Gokanapudy Hahn, Elizabeth Anne Greene, Daphney Kernizan, Omar Khalid, Jennifer Klein, Ryan Kobayashi, Subhrajit Lahiri, Raymond P. Lorenzoni, Andrea Otero Luna, Jennifer A. Marshall, Theodore Millette, Lily Moore, Babu Muhamed, Meghna Murali, Kinjal Parikh, Amy Sanyahumbi, Divya Shakti, Elizabeth Stein, Sanket Shah, Hannah Wilkins, Mcallister Windom, Scott Wirth, Meghan Zimmerman, Andrew F. Beck, Nicholas Ollberding, Craig Sable, Andrea Beaton

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background Recent evaluation of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) mortality demonstrates disproportionate disease burden within the United States. However, there are few contemporary data on US children living with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and RHD. Methods and Results Twenty-two US pediatric institutions participated in a 10-year review (2008-2018) of electronic medical records and echocardiographic databases of children 4 to 17 years diagnosed with ARF/RHD to determine demographics, diagnosis, and management. Geocoding was used to determine a census tract-based socioeconomic deprivation index. Descriptive statistics of patient characteristics and regression analysis of RHD classification, disease severity, and initial antibiotic prescription according to community …

Favorable Outcomes With Reduced Steroid Use In Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Amir B Orandi, Lampros Fotis, Jamie Lai, Hallie Morris, Andrew J White, Anthony R French, Kevin W Baszis

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: High-intensity glucocorticoid regimens are commonly used to induce and maintain remission in Juvenile Dermatomyositis but are associated with several adverse side-effects. Evidence-based treatment guidelines from North American and European pediatric rheumatology research societies both advocate induction with intravenous pulse steroids followed by high dose oral steroids (2 mg/kg/day), which are then tapered. This study reports the time to disease control with reduced glucocorticoid dosing.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records at a single tertiary-care children's hospital of patients diagnosed with Juvenile Dermatomyositis between 2000 and 2014 who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. The primary outcome measure …

Chagas Disease In Hiv-Infected Patients: It’S Time To Consider The Diagnosis, Melissa Nolan Ph.D., Mph, Natasha S. Hochberg

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Temporal Trends Of Covid-19 Mortality And Hospitalisation Rates: An Observational Cohort Study From The Us Department Of Veterans Affairs, Miao Cai, Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie, Ziyad Al-Aly

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the temporal trends of 30-day mortality and hospitalisation in US Veterans with COVID-19 and 30-day mortality in hospitalised veterans with COVID-19 and to decompose the contribution of changes in the underlying characteristics of affected populations to these temporal changes.

DESIGN: Observational cohort study.

SETTING: US Department of Veterans Affairs.

PARTICIPANTS: 49 238 US veterans with a positive COVID-19 test between 20 March 2020 and 19 September 2020; and 9428 US veterans hospitalised with a positive COVID-19 test during the same period.

OUTCOME MEASURES: 30-day mortality rate and hospitalisation rate.

RESULTS: Between 20 March 2020 and 19 September …

Do Americans Perceive Diverse Judges As Inherently Biased, Yoshikuni Ono, Michael A. Zilis

Political Science Faculty Publications

Although women and minorities hold an increasing share of judgships in the United States, they remain underrepresented. We explore Americans’ perceptions of the bias of women and minority judges – one of the possible challenges to creating a diverse bench. We argue that prejudice against these groups manifests in a subtle way, in the belief that diverse judges cannot fairly adjudicate controversies that involve their ingroup. To test our theory, we use a list experiment specifically developed to minimize social desirability effects. We find that many respondents rate female and Hispanic judges to be biased decision makers. Our results highlight …

Digital Equity Is An Environmental Justice Issue, Courtney B. Cooper

Master's Projects and Capstones

Digital equity has evolved into a more critical area of focus due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the existing digital divide, or the divide that exists between those who have access to the internet and those that do not, by moving many important services and resources online to reduce the spread of the virus. This shift has created more challenges for communities who either lack or have inadequate access to the internet. Furthermore, it is likely that internet utilization will only increase as we continue to recognize its capabilities. A lack of or inadequate access …

Year 1 Of The Bundled Payments For Care Improvement-Advanced Model, Karen E Joynt Maddox, E John Orav, Jie Zheng, Arnold M Epstein

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation launched the Medicare Bundled Payments for Care Improvement-Advanced (BPCI-A) program for hospitals in October 2018. Information is needed about the effects of the program on health care utilization and Medicare payments.

METHODS: We conducted a modified segmented regression analysis using Medicare claims and including patients with discharge dates from January 2017 through September 2019 to assess differences between BPCI-A participants and two control groups: hospitals that never joined the BPCI-A program (nonjoining hospitals) and hospitals that joined the BPCI-A program in January 2020, after the conclusion of the intervention period (late-joining hospitals). …

Ppplf Transaction-Specific Disclosures - 8/11/21, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

Documents

No abstract provided.

Periodic Report: Update On Outstanding Lending Facilities Authorized By The Board Under Section 13(3) Of The Federal Reserve Act (August 10, 2021), Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

Documents

No abstract provided.

Sigtarp About Us Webpage, United States: Office Of The Special Inspector General For The Tarp

Documents

No abstract provided.

Review Of Building Peace In America, Chris Hausmann, Ron Pagnucco

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.