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The Cross-Channel Migration Of Irish Travellers, George Gmelch, Sharon Gmelch

Sociology

Until the late 1950s, Irish Travellers lived primarily in rural areas and travelled within relatively confined areas. With the urbanisation of the last quarter century, their traditional sources of income have dried up and they have had to adjust to very different circumstances. Emigration, whether temporary or permament, to Britain was one means oof adaptation. Plentiful opportunities for unskilled labour and generous welfare benefits were the main attraction. More recently, however, Ireland has become more attractive; in particular, Irish welfare benefits are now almost on a par with those in Britain.

Household Structure In Canada: Historical And Provincial Variations And Their Correlates, Kausar Thomas

Digitized Theses

This thesis (1) employs a new measure of household headship to study the time trends and provincial differentials in household structure in Canada between 1901 and 1981; and (2) analyzes the effects of measures of industrialization/urbanization, income, kin availability and tastes and preferences on the historical and cross-sectional variations in household structure in the Canadian provinces over the 1921 to 1971 period through multiple regression using pooled cross-sectional and time series data.;In the five eastern provinces and in the country as a whole, household structure remained virtually unchanged until the post-World War II years. After World War II household headship …

Living Arrangement Choices Among The Elderly: A Decision-Making Approach, Andrew Victor Wister

Digitized Theses

This research investigates the determinants of living arrangements among non-institutionalized elderly. More specifically, it explores the factors which differentiate elderly persons living alone, living with spouse, and living with other persons, e.g. son or daughter, sibling etc. These factors are organized in terms of a decision-making framework developed from micro-economic and demographic theory. The framework is modelled after Dixon's (1978), where marriage patterns are viewed as the result of economic feasibility, demographic availability of mates and desirability of mates. Choice of a living arrangement is seen as the product of underlying norms and preferences, a set of socio-demographic factors, and …

The Effects Of Selected Demographic Variables And Gender-Role Identity On Premarital Sexual Permissive Attitudes (Androgyny, Masculine, Feminine)., Carol Sue Campbell

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between: (a) socialization experiences and gender-role identity, (b) socialization experiences and premarital sexual permissive attitudes, and (c) gender-role identity and premarital sexual permissive attitudes using a causal model. Data were gathered from a random sample of 571 college students. The instrument consisted of standard background questions, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, a religiosity scale, and the Reiss' Premarital Sexual Permissiveness Scale. A t-test was used to test the differences between the means of males and females concerning gender-role identity and premarital sexual permissiveness. Males were found to possess higher levels of …

Associations Between Previous Treatments For Alcohol Addiction And Chances For Success At O'Brien Halfway House, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana., Barbara A. Quillen Humbles

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The association between previous treatments for alcohol addiction and chance for success in a halfway house is the major focus of this research. A case study of the O'Brien Halfway House, during fiscal year 1983-84, was conducted for the purpose of further examining (1) selected variables that might be associated with completing or not completing treatment at O'Brien House and (2) selected variables that might be associated with the number of previous treatments for alcohol addiction that the patient has had prior to the admission at O'Brien House. Data were gathered on 84 patients through the use of a patient …

Toward A Theory Of Positive Deviance, Druann Maria Heckert

Doctoral Dissertations

Although many studies have been conducted in regard to groups or individuals deemed to be negative deviants, there is a relative dearth of theoretical or empirical analysis of positive deviance. This dissertation attempts to theoretically analyze the concept of positive deviance.

The literature related to positive deviance was examined and categorized. Positive deviance was defined as behavior that people label (i.e., publicly evaluate) in a superior sense and behavior that usually results because the behavior departs from that which is considered normal or normative.

In addition, the previously postulated examples of positive deviance were utilized to form a typology of …

Marital Power, Conflict And Violence (Negotiation Tactics, Egalitarian), Diane H. Coleman

Doctoral Dissertations

Conflict theory is used to analyze the relationship between marital power structure, the level of marital conflict and the rate of violence in a nationally representative sample of 2,143 American couples. Although previous authors suggest greater conflict in egalitarian relationships, other research demonstrates that there is less violence. Given the strong positive association between conflict and violence, a major question addressed in this research concerns this apparent contradiction.

Two explanations of this contradiction were empirically tested: (1) If the power structure is perceived as legitimate, the level of conflict and rate of violence may decrease, regardless of the actual power …

Status Integration And Alcohol Problems In The United States (Stress), John P. Colby

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines the relation between status integration and alcohol problems in the United States. The study also tests the sociological hypothesis that the level of alcoholism in groups is a function of the extent to which those groups are characterized by norms which encourage or allow drinking and intoxication as means relieving stress. Measures of status integration (MSI's) are intended as group level indicators of role conflict and indicators of chronic stressful conditions.

The theory of status integration is tested by analyzing the relation of the MSI to alcohol outcomes for the fifty American states through zero-order and partial …

Maine's New Juvenile Code: A Case Study In Juvenile Justice Reform, Dennis William Macdonald

Doctoral Dissertations

The history of juvenile justice in the United States is largely a history of failed reform efforts. The most significant of these efforts was the establishment of the juvenile court at the turn of the century and the idea of "socialized" juvenile justice on which it was based. Because the objective was rehabilitation rather than punishment, constitutional rights applicable in criminal justice proceedings were deemed unnecessary. In response to a wave of criticism of "socialized justice," the "post-Gault era" of juvenile justice reform emerged in the early 1960's. These reforms promised both justice and help to juveniles in trouble.

The …

Life Table Construction From Population Age Distributions Suffering From Response Biases In Age-Reporting:A New Technique(Not Requiring Age Smoothing)With Application To Indian Census Age-Returns., Subrata Lahiri Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Preliminary concepts of life tables, its role in demographic analysis, a brief chronological review of various literature on the construction of life table starting from John Grants investigation on mortality, along with an introduction to the basic problem and objectives of the present study.Chapter II describes the concept and utility of cumulative census survival ratios, first introduced by Professors Ansley J. Coale and Paul Demeny (1967) as the ratio of the number of persons aged x+10 end above enumerated at time t+10 to the number of persons aged x and above enumerated at time t. These are compared to the …

Gold & Blue, Sep. 1984, St. Mary's University- San Antonio, Texas

Gold & Blue

This is the Fall 1984 edition of Gold & Blue which is St. Mary's University's official school publication.

Differences In Attitude Toward Marriage And Family Life Among Single Adult Offspring Of Intact-Happy, Intact-Unhappy And Divorced Families, Dorothy Lucille Anacleto

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Children of divorced parents seem to have more divorces when they themselves marry. I f an "intergenerational transmission" effect exists, differences in attitude should exist even before marriage. What differences in attitude exist, if any, between the offspring of divorced parents and of intact-happy parents? Procedure: The Anacleto Marital Attitude Inve ntory (AMAI) was developed with 92 Likert- scaled items . Internal consist e ncy (.88), Reliability (.81), and Concurrent Validity (.65) for the total test as well as for 8 subscales we r e judged satisfac t o ry. Higher scores show more healthy attitudes. The AMAI was …

Living With Psychiatric Patients: The Relationship Between Family Burden And Mental Health Among Family Members, Samuel Noh

Digitized Theses

Current policy with respect to psychiatric patients is to minimize the amount of time they spend in institutions. This policy has resulted in large numbers of exhospitalized patients residing in the community. While it is widely acknowledged that living with a psychiatric patient is likely to be stressful, little research attention has been focussed on the extent of burden experienced by family members or on the consequences of living with a psychiatric patient for one's mental health. This study reports findings on the extent of burden experienced, and on the relationship between level of such burden and the mental health …

Asian Ethnic Fertility In Canada: An Application Of The Minority Group Status Hypothesis, Shivalingappa S. Halli

Digitized Theses

Based on the 1971 Census of Canada, the extent of fertility differentials as well as possible sources of variation in fertility behaviour of the major Asian ethnic groups--Chinese, Japanese, East Indian and other--are studied. Ethnic fertility differentials are examined in their socio-economic and historical context, based on a historical review of Asian ethnic groups in Canada. It is found that each of these ethnic groups have experienced inequality of treatment and discrimination in areas such as employment and services. Also documented are differences in socio-economic characteristics which are shown to be related to family size differences. It is indicated that …

Women And Class: A Theoretical And Empirical Analysis (Stratification)., Pamela Jean Jenkins

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study was an attempt to conceptually and empirically expand Marx's class analytic scheme to include the unique position of women. The goals in this study were to: (1) discuss and resolve certain issues surrounding the definition of the working class; and (2) to test an empirical measure of class that would reflect women's roles in the home and the workplace. The first goal was met basically by a theoretical model that allowed the conceptualization of women and their place in production (both in home and work) into an already existing class structure. This study concentrated on the differences in …

Gender And Mental Health: An Analysis And Reinterpretation (Demoralization, Social Class, Family), Gerald Thomas Hotaling

Doctoral Dissertations

Two research findings on sex roles and mental disorder have become a firm part of the knowledge base in the sociology of mental health and illness. The first of these is that, since around 1950, females consistently report higher overall rates of mental disorder than males. A second, related finding is that higher rates of female illness are due to the differential impact of family based statuses on the mental health of men and women.

It is the contention of this research that asking which sex is more mentally ill is the wrong question. Further, it is suggested that the …

Legitimacy And Self-Management In Socialist Yugoslavia: Contradictions And Reconciliations In Yugoslav Society, Jozef Figa

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation constitutes a sociological study of the problem of legitimacy. Yugoslavia serves as a case study and the basis for some general propositions. Following the definition of legitimacy the sources of the initial legitimacy of Communist governments are analyzed. While the general socio-economic conditions which accompanied the introduction of the Communist rule in Eastern Europe were also shared by Yugoslavia, the subsequent decentralization of Yugoslav economy altered that state of affairs. The manifest intention behind the introduction of the mechanism of self-management in economy and state administration was to enhance the grass-root influence over that decision-making. That goal has …

The Amish And The Law: A Religious Minority And Its Legal Encounters, John A. Hostetler

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Colloquium Foreword, Frederic L. Kirgis, Jr.

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Juvenile Shoplifting Behavior, Judith D. Powell, George P. Moschis

Robins School of Business White Paper Series, 1980-2022

With shoplifting being the largest monetary crime in the nation, attempts have been made in earlier studies to profile shoplifters but little attention has been given to conditions leading to such behavior. The present study provides a framework for studying such behavior; it seeks explanation for this type of deviant consumer behavior from theories of developmental psychology and sociological models of human behavior. The focus is on juvenile shoplifters who. are believed to account for the largest percentage of all shoplifters. A survey of 7,379 juveniles demonstrated the usefulness of using interdisciplinary perspectives in understanding and explaining shoplifting behavior.

Political Issues In Luke-Acts [Review] / Edited By Richard J. Cassidy And Philip J. Scharper., George E. Rice

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

Ecological Measure Of Community Linkages: Connecticut As A Case Study, Thomas E. Steahr

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

The Identification And Degree Of Implementation Of Multiethnic/Multicultural Education Programs In Selected School Districts, Elizabeth A. Saunders

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was: (1) to identify and report the state departments of education in the United States implementing multiethnic/multicultural education programs; (2) to identify and report school districts, identified by their respective state departments of education, implementing multiethnic/multicultural education programs; (3) to determine the types of multiethnic/multicultural education programs, the thrust of the programs, and how the programs were initiated in the school districts; and (4) to determine the degree of implementation of the Curriculum Guidelines for Multiethnic Education, published by the National Council for the Social Studies, in the selected school districts. A total of thirty-two …

Mortality Differences Among The Native And Foreign-Born Populations In Canada, 1951-1971, Frank Trovato

Digitized Theses

This dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of mortality variations among the native and foreign-born components of Canada's population encompassing the census periods 1950-52 to 1970-72. The study develops and tests four hypotheses. The life stresses explanation posits that differences in the odds of death are due to social, psychological and structural inequities experienced by a given sector of society such as immigrants or native Indians. The immigrant selection hypothesis predicts lower death rates for the foreign-born sector due to the nature of immigration which tends to be inherently selective. The assimilation hypothesis relates to the time factor in mortality differentials …

Social And Demographic Factors Influencing Job Mobility Aspirations In An Industrializing Rural Community., James Augustine Butler Jr

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The rapid industrialization of nonmetropolitan areas and small towns has been a relatively recent phenomenon. The economic impact of such development has been well documented. However, not much is known about the social effects of industrial development in rural communities--particularly as related to attitudes of the indigenous population. The objective of this study was to determine the association between several independent variables (type of employment, age, sex, race, education, and income) and job mobility aspirations of adult employees in industry and others in the surrounding area. Job mobility aspirations in this study were defined by a scale comprised of eight …

Criminal Homicide In North Carolina, 1975-1977, Steven James Cosgrove

Doctoral Dissertations

The focus of this dissertation was patterns of criminal homicide in North Carolina between 1975 and 1977. Using Uniform Crime Report data between 1933 and 1979, North Carolina was compared to non-Southern and national time series trends. North Carolina's criminal homicide rate was shown to have decreased dramatically during the preceding four decades, although it continues to sustain a higher rate of criminal homicide than most non-Southern states.

In order to explore possible explanations for North Carolina's criminal homicide rate, structural variables were used to predict homicide in North Carolina's counties and county types. Although the structural predictors were not …

Situs: An Investigation Into The Effects Of Network Connections On Stratification Using Historical Materials (New Hampshire), Thomas G. Sparhawk

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the influence of network connections within occupations on intergenerational mobility. Defining situs as the network aspect of an occupation, encompassing both itself and all occupations connected to it through effective networks, the situs of all occupations in late nineteenth-century Portsmouth, New Hampshire, are delineated through a demographic analysis of intragenerational mobility patterns. Once the situs of each occupation was determined, an intergenerational mobility analysis was performed, and it was found that a significant portion of this movement could be attributed to the situs of various occupations.

Major implications of this dissertation included the finding that networks serve …

Family Systems Through Family Photograph Albums, Saundra Lee Gardner

Doctoral Dissertations

This study views the family photograph album as a visual construction of social reality which represents how the family perceives and defines its world. This popular cultural artifact is used to examine the social and geographical boundaries of this world as well as the family's conceptualization of gender. How social class, family structure and lifecycle stage affect the process of reality construction is also explored. Data collection from twenty families residing in New England form the basis for this analysis.

The findings indicate that social class has the greatest impact on the family's visual representation of itself. Working-class families are …

The Lives Of Criminally Violent Women (Volumes I And Ii) (Stress, Homicide), John Theodore Kirkpatrick

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of the present study is to better understand why some people kill others. Using the autobiographical accounts of convicted female homicide offenders, this work defines the life experiences behind their violence. Seventy-six women, representing several age and racial groups, were separately interviewed at the North Carolina Correctional Center for Women. The life stories these women tell and the ways they recount them offer a unique view of the social worlds where murder and manslaughter occur.

The study's theoretical orientation is built from the literature on life stress. There is strong evidence that an excess of stress can adversely …

The Lifestyle Of Merchant Seamen: A Sociological Analysis Of Occupationally Induced Marginality., Craig Joseph Forsyth

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Marginality is a theme which pervades the social existence of merchant seamen. Work takes place in a setting without long term personal commitments to job, to place, or to co-workers. On the beach, social relations tend toward the transitory, and where long term relations are established, the seaman is forced to partial participation. This research explores the influence of this occupation on social marginality and social integration of its members. Data were collected using a survey instrument from a sample of 251 seamen, both officers and crew. Factors determining variance in levels of alienation are examined, as well as the …