Digital Commons Network^™

The Effects Of Sea Turtle And Other Marine Megafauna Consumption In Northeastern Madagascar, Emily Rothamel, Be Jean Rodolph Rasolofoniaina, Cortni Borgerson

Department of Anthropology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Sea turtles are essential to the health of marine ecosystems, yet nearly 90% are threatened with extinction. The unsustainable consumption of sea turtles contributes to their global decline. Because sea turtle meat is also high in heavy metals, the monitoring of sea turtle consumption is a priority for both marine conservation and public health. Despite this, sea turtle consumption was understudied along Madagascar’s eastern coastline. We used structured interviews (collected over nine years) in northeastern Madagascar to study the rural consumption of sea turtles and other marine megafauna (including dolphins, whales, and dugongs). Sea turtle consumption is increasing in the …

Oral Health Education And Promotion Activities By Early Head Start Programs In The United States: A Systematic Review, Ahlam I. Joufi, Denise M. Claiborne, Deanne Shuman

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: Dental caries is a non-communicable, preventable disease that disproportionately affects low-income children in the United States (US). The purpose of this systematic review was to describe oral health education and promotion activities designed to prevent early childhood caries (ECC) provided by Early Head Start (EHS) programs in the United States.

Methods: Five databases were searched including CINAHL, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source through EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Wiley Online Library, to identify peer-reviewed quantitative studies published in English on oral health education and promotion activities within EHS programs from 2000 to 2019. Studies were assessed for eligibility …

Association Between Prepregnancy Obesity And Health Behaviors, Adverse Conditions, And Birth Outcomes In South Dakota, Lily Sanderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Prepregnancy obesity is associated with an increased risk for various adverse outcomes for mother and fetus. These adverse associations exist within the realms of preconception health, prenatal health, birth outcomes, and postnatal health.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the South Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (SD PRAMS) survey, which is an ongoing statebased surveillance system of maternal behaviors, attitudes, and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. The 2017 and 2018 SD PRAMS sampled a total of 3,805 mothers who were randomly selected from birth certificate records to be representative of all South Dakota women …

Maternal Health Literacy On Mother And Child Health Care: A Community Cluster Survey In Two Southern Provinces In Laos, Sysavanh Phommachanh, Dirk R. Essink, Pamela J. Wright Phd, Ms, Med, Rn, Cen, Jacqueline E. Broerse, Mayfong Mayxay

Publications

RATIONAL:

Increased maternal health literacy (MHL) has contributed considerably to maternal and child health outcomes in many countries. Malnutrition, and low coverage of child vaccination and breastfeeding are major health concerns in Laos, but there is little insight into mothers' literacy on these issues. The aim of this study was to identify the level of MHL of Lao mothers and to explore factors influencing it, in order to provide evidence that can inform policies and planning of health services.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire on health literacy (ability to access, understand, appraise and apply health-related information) …

Intellectual Property As A Determinant Of Health, Ana S. Rutschman

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Public health literature has long recognized the existence of determinants of health, a set of socioeconomic conditions that affect health risks and health outcomes across the world. The World Health Organization defines these determinants as “forces and systems” consisting of “factors combin[ing] together to affect the health of individuals and communities.” Frameworks relying on determinants of health have been widely adopted by countries in the global South and North alike, as well as international institutional players, several of which are direct or indirect players in transnational intellectual property (IP) policymaking. Issues raised by the implementation of IP policies, however, are …

The Role Of Demographic And Clinical Characteristics On Risk Of Covid-19 Related Infection And Mortality, A. O'Shea, M. Youssef, M. Connolly, A. Al Lawati, S.I. Shah, S. Walsh, D. Mccartney, J. Faul

Articles

Since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) which causes Covid-19, global health systems have struggled to cope with the rising number of related infections, acute admissions and mortalities. Poorer clinical outcomes have been observed amongst older patients with Covid-19 and males, and in those who are obese or who have darker skin(1) . Additionally, poorer outcomes including increased mortality have been associated with low vitamin D status(2,3) . The current observational study aimed to elucidate the association between patient demographic, anthropometric, clinical and biometric characteristics and Covid-19 disease severity and mortality.

Risk Factors For Covid-19 Infection, Disease Severity And Related Deaths In Africa: A Systematic Review, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Digsu Negese Koye, Dagnachew Muluye Fetene, Mulu Woldegiorgis, Yohannes Kinfu, Ayele Bali Geleto, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Hassen Mohammed, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Mulugeta Molla Birhanu, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin, Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw, Desalegn Markos Shifti, Muluken Dessalegn Muluneh, Teketo Kassaw Tegegne, Solomon Abrha, Atsede Fantahun Aregay, Mohammed Biset Ayalew, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam, Tesfaye Gebremedhin, Lemlem Gebremichael, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Maereg Wagnew Meazaw, Alemayehu Berhane Mekonnen, Dejen Y. Tekle, Azeb G. Tesema, Fisaha H. Tesfay, Wubshet Tesfaye, Befikadu L. Wubishet, Berihun A. Dachew, Akilew A. Adane

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. Objective The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. Design A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data sources Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Eligibility criteria Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. Data extraction and …

From Sanitation To Soybeans: Kitchen Hygiene And Nutritional Nationalism In Republican China, 1911–1945, Sarah Xia Yu

Asia Pacific Perspectives

This article investigates evolving expectations for Chinese individuals to clean, cook, eat, and nourish in their private kitchens, and how certain diseases became urgent touchstones for the change in public health priorities. Reformists promoted personal responsibility and popular interest in kitchen and dietary hygiene, which increased as Chinese audiences became exposed to globally- circulating ideas of sanitation and nutrition in individual homes. Furthermore, this occurred in tandem with increased institutionalized government developments for improved infrastructure. This article also highlights Chinese participation in the transnational dietary science movement of the early twentieth century, as reformists developed methods for beriberi and tuberculosis …

Public Health At The Public Library: Preventive Health Programs Implemented In Large Public Libraries, Uday Aj Patil

SLIS Connecting

Amid the opioid epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic, the public sector is consumed with health promotion and disease prevention. Preventive programs serve a significant purpose in ensuring population health and reducing burden on the healthcare system (Cohen et al., 2008; Neumann & Cohen, 2009). People are increasingly turning to educational resources outside of the traditional healthcare sector to ward off diseases or alleviate pre-existing conditions (Eakin et al., 1980; Eng et al., 1998). Public library systems often carry such resources, in print and multimedia form, at no cost. Some libraries are providing health programming to supplement, contextualize, or incentivize the use …

Association Between Duration Of Residence And Prevalence Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Male South Asian Expatriate Workers In The United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study, Syed Mahboob Shah, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Fatima Al-Maskari, Juma Al-Kaabi, Faisal Aziz, Elpidoforos Soteriades, Tom Loney, Hamed Farooqi, Anjum Memon, Raghib Ali

Department of Family Medicine

Expatriates account for about 80% of the total population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that prevalence of type 2 diabetes in male South Asian expatriates increases with increased length of residence in the UAE.
Design, settings and participants: This cross-sectional study recruited a representative sample (n=1375) of male South Asian expatriates aged ≥18 years in Al Ain, UAE. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle data were obtained using a pilot-tested adapted version of the WHO STEPS instrument.
Main outcome measures: Duration of residence was used as a marker for acculturation. Type 2 diabetes was …

Lifestyle Intervention In Gestational Diabetes (Living) In India, Bangladesh And Sri Lanka: Protocol For Process Evaluation Of A Randomised Controlled Trial, Janani Shanthosh, Deksha Kapoor, Lakshmi K. Josyula, Anushka Patel

Open Access archive

Introduction The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus disproportionately affects South Asian women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Lifestyle InterVention IN Gestational diabetes (LIVING) Study is a randomised controlled trial of a low-intensity lifestyle modification programme tailored to women with previous GDM, in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, aimed at preventing diabetes/pre-diabetes. The aim of this process evaluation is to understand what worked, and why, during the LIVING intervention implementation, and to provide additional data that will assist in the interpretation of the LIVING Study results. The findings will also inform future scale-up efforts if the intervention is …

Adding Team-Based Financial Incentives To The Carrot Rewards Physical Activity App Increases Daily Step Count On A Population Scale: A 24-Week Matched Case Control Study, Emma Pearson, Harry Prapavessis, Christopher Higgins, Robert Petrella, Lauren White, Marc Mitchell

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) targeting physical inactivity have increased in popularity yet are usually limited by low engagement. This study examined the impact of adding team-based incentives (Step Together Challenges, STCs) to an existing mHealth app (Carrot Rewards) that rewarded individual physical activity achievements. Methods: A 24-week quasi-experimental study (retrospective matched pairs design) was conducted in three Canadian provinces (pre-intervention: weeks 1–12; intervention: weeks 13–24). Participants who used Carrot Rewards and STCs (experimental group) were matched with those who used Carrot Rewards only (controls) on age, gender, province and baseline mean daily step count (±500 steps/d). Carrot Rewards …

International Tourism As A Threat To Public Health In Thailand, Liam G. Lane

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

From its unique history, Thailand has embraced its independence and benefited from its cultural and natural beauty. Transitioning from an agricultural to industrial economy due to the emergence of a strong tourism industry, Thailand has experienced a period of intensive urbanization that has re-shaped Thai lifestyle. Materializing as regional and social disparities, these consequences of industrialization have seemingly divided Thai society, separating those who benefit from the tourism sector while marginalizing those who do not. Additionally, this transition has threatened public health statuses within Thailand, and considering the current tourism trends seen over the past 20 years there is a …

2020 Who Guidelines On Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviour For Children And Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years: Summary Of The Evidence, Jean Philippe Chaput, Juana Willumsen, Fiona Bull, Roger Chou, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Russell Jago, Francisco B. Ortega, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) released in 2020 updated global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children, adolescents, adults, older adults and sub-populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and those living with chronic conditions or disabilities. Objective: To summarize the evidence on the associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health-related outcomes used to inform the 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years. Methods: The update of the WHO guideline recommendations for children and adolescents utilized and systematically updated the evidence syntheses on physical activity and sedentary …

New Global Guidelines On Sedentary Behaviour And Health For Adults: Broadening The Behavioural Targets, Paddy C. Dempsey, Stuart J.H. Biddle, Matthew P. Buman, Sebastien Chastin, Ulf Ekelund, Christine M. Friedenreich, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Michael F. Leitzmann, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Hidde P. Van Der Ploeg, Juana Willumsen, Fiona Bull

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: In 2018, the World Health Organisation (WHO) commenced a program of work to update the 2010 Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, for the first-time providing population-based guidelines on sedentary behaviour. This paper briefly summarizes and highlights the scientific evidence behind the new sedentary behaviour guidelines for all adults and discusses its strengths and limitations, including evidence gaps/research needs and potential implications for public health practice. Methods: An overview of the scope and methods used to update the evidence is provided, along with quality assessment and grading methods for the eligible new systematic reviews. The literature search update …

The Drug Overdose Epidemic Seen Through Different Lenses, Barbara Blake Gonzalez, Richard Cebula, James V. Koch

Economics Faculty Publications

The age-adjusted death rate from drug overdoses in the United States per 100,000 individuals rose from 6.8 in 2010 to 17.1 in 2018. The most common explanation offered is the deaths of despair hypothesis. We identify additional factors that have contributed to the rise in drug overdose deaths in cities and counties. Methods: We utilize a period fixed effects model with a multi-variate panel data set for 94 independent cities and counties in Virginia for the period 2008 through 2017. Results: The drug overdose mortality rate is: (a) an increasing function (prob.

Institute Of Public Health Newsletter- Volume1, Issue 3, Institute Of Public Health (Iph) - Cmhs

Institute of Public Health Newsletter (IPHNL) and Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Community Pharmacists’ Involvement In Public Health Promotion Services In Beirut, Lebanon, Mira Medawar, Maha Aboul Ela, Souraya Domiati

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Background: The role of pharmacists is growing globally; the shift from the traditional role of preparing and dispensing medications, to a role in medication therapy management and public health services is started to be acceptable worldwide.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the participation level of community pharmacists’ in certain public health services promotion as well as the barriers that hindered such provision.

Method: A questionnaire based study has been carried targeting Lebanese community pharmacists working in Beirut, Lebanon. Socio-demographic information, types of public health consultations offered in the pharmacy, and the barriers confronted by the community …

Adversity In Childhood Is Linked To Mental And Physical Health Throughout Life, Charles A. Nelson, Richard David Scott, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Nadine Burke Harri, Andrea Danes, Muthanna Samara

Woman and Child Health

The prevalence of “toxic stress” and huge downstream consequences in disease, suffering, and financial costs make prevention and early intervention crucial, say Charles A Nelson and colleagues.

Tuberculosis, Human Rights, And Law Reform: Addressing The Lack Of Progress In The Global Tuberculosis Response, Matthew M. Kavanagh, Lawrence O. Gostin, John Stephens

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In 2018, the United Nations General Assembly convened the first-ever high-level meeting (HLM) on tuberculosis (TB). Since that time news on the world’s most lethal infectious disease is not good—the 2019 WHO TB report shows 1.2 million people died from TB, a number that has fallen just 11% since 2015, less than one-third of the way towards the End TB Strategy milestone of a 35% reduction (to about 850 million deaths) by 2020. The same number of people, 10.0 million, are estimated to have fallen ill with TB in 2018 as in 2017. The stubborn persistence of TB is attributable …

Conference Proceedings: Aurora Scientific Day 2020

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Abstracts published in this supplement were among those presented at the 46th annual Aurora Scientific Day research symposium, held virtually on May 20, 2020. The symposium provides a forum for describing research studies conducted by faculty, fellows, residents, and allied health professionals affiliated with Wisconsin-based Aurora Health Care, a part of the Advocate Aurora Health health system, which publishes the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews.

Jefferson Digital Commons Quarterly Report: July-September 2020, Kelsey Duinkerken, Msi, Larissa Gordon, Mslis, Med, Ma

Jefferson Digital Commons Reports

Included in this Report

• Abington Health Articles
• Articles
• Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education, and Evaluation (JCIPE)
• Collaborative Research and Evidence shared Among Therapists and Educators (CREATE Day)
• Covid 19-: Spread the Science, Not the Virus
• Department of Family and Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds
• Master of Population Health Program Thesis and Capstone Presentations
• Master of Public Health Thesis and Capstone Presentations
• Jefferson Surgical Solutions
• The Medicine Forum
• Sex and Gender Health Education Summit 2020
• Student Papers and Posters
• Misc. Uploads
• What people are saying about the Jefferson Digital Repository

Inspire : Vol 2, Issue 2, Department Of Medicine

INSPIRE – Department of Medicine Archives

Content

• Message from The Chair
• Accelerating the elimination of viral hepatitis:
• a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission
• Peritoneal Dialysis Program by Syed Farrukh Umair
• Department of Medicine at National and International Forums
• What Are Academics Around the World Reading This Month?
• Featured Faculty Profile
• Dr. Saman Ali; “Stay true to yourself, stay humble, work hard but also try to have fun while doing it.”
• Publications

Healthcare Utilisation And Expenditure Patterns For Cardio-Metabolic Diseases In South Asian Cities: The Carrs Study, Priti Gupta, Kalpana Singh, Roopa Shivashankar, Kavita Singh, Ajay Vamadevan, V Mohan, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Nikhil Tandon, K M. Narayan, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Mohammed K. Ali

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To estimate average annual expenditures per person, total economic burden and distress health financing associated with the treatment of five cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs-hypertension, diabetes, heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction and heart failure), stroke and chronic kidney disease) in three metropolitan cities in South Asia.
Design: Cross-sectional surveys.
Setting: We analysed community-based baseline data from the Centre for cArdio-metabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) Study collected in 2010-2011 representing Chennai and New Delhi (India), and Karachi (Pakistan).
Participants: We used data from non-pregnant adults (≥20 years) from the aforementioned cities that responded to a cost-of-illness questionnaire. We estimated health …

Prevalence And Determinants Of Anemia Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Thatta Pakistan: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Study, Sumera Aziz Ali, Zahid Abbasi, Babar Shahid, Ghazal Moin, K Michael Hambidge, Nancy F. Krebs, Jamie E. Westcott, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Robert L. Goldenberg, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: Anemia is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age leading to high maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Of the prior studies conducted in Pakistan, most focused on large urban areas and did not explore the determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) across socio-demographic, dietary, reproductive, and biological domains. Thus, we aimed to study the prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in rural Pakistan.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Thatta district of Pakistan from September 2018 to January 2019 and enrolled 150 non-pregnant, married women. Data collectors administered …

Hypertension Among Refugees: A Disease Of Risingpublic Health Concern, Issam Shaarani Senior Lecturer Of Family Medicine, Department Of Clinical Sciences, Faculty Of Medicine,, Rami Warrak

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

After the war in Syria, Lebanon became among the top countries hosting for refugees. Many public health issues started to be raised with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) being high on the list. Providing health care for refugees is not easy since it requires huge resources, continuous follow-up encounters, and an extensive financial support. Reports show that NCDs are a health priority in Syrian refugees, and hypertension is the most prevalent one affecting more than half of the older Syrian refugees in Lebanon. This creates an enormous burden on the host community health system that needs effective interventions. While Lebanese citizens favor …

Everything Is Science: A Free City-Wide Science Festival, Jarrod W. Creameans, Michelle G. Pitts, Olivia White, Kellen M. Greenwell, Kristie Colón, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova, Vincent J. Venditto

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

A week-long, city-wide science festival called Everything is Science (EiS) was developed to educate the community in an informal manner. The festival serves as a platform for presenters from diverse professions to give engaging talks (without PowerPoint slides) to the public, free of charge, in restaurants and bars around town. Over 350 people attended the events over 5 days with 33 presenters. Surveys completed by attendees and session coordinators indicate strong support for this festival. Altogether, the EiS festival serves as a no-cost method to engage with the community and improve science literacy with potential for adoption in other cities.

Global Strategies And Local Implementation Of Health And Health-Related Sdgs: Lessons From Consultation In Countries Across Five Regions, Sameen Siddiqi, Wafa Aftab, Fahad Javaid Siddiqui, Luis Huicho, Roman Mogilevskii, Peter Friberg, Johanna Lindgren-Garcia, Sara Causevic, Anil Khamis, Mashal Murad Shah, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Community Health Sciences

Evidence on early achievements, challenges and opportunities would help low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) accelerate implementation of health and health-related sustainable development goals (HHSDGs). A series of country-specific and multicountry consultative meetings were conducted during 2018-2019 that involved 15 countries across five regions to determine the status of implementation of HHSDGs. Almost 120 representatives from health and non-health sectors participated. The assessment relied on a multidomain analytical framework drawing on existing public health policy frameworks. During the first 5 years of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) era, participating LMICs from South and Central Asia, East Africa and Latin America demonstrated …

Covid-19: Health As A Common Good, Alfredo Morabia

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Making The Case For A Right To A Healthy Environment For The Protection Of Vulnerable Communities: A Case Of Coal-Ash Disaster In Puerto Rico, Sarah Dávila-Ruhaak

Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law

The connection between the environment and human rights is not a surprising one. The enjoyment of human rights depends on a person’s ability to live free from interference and to have his or her rights protected. The interdependence of human rights and the protection of the environment is manifested in the full and effective enjoyment of the right to a healthy environment. This article argues that in order to protect vulnerable persons and communities facing environmental harm, a human rights framework—specifically the right to a healthy environment—must be applied. A human rights approach complements environmental justice work, recognizing that individuals …