Digital Commons Network^™

Balancing Public Health Against Individual Liberty: The Ethics Of Smoking Regulations, Thaddeus Mason Pope

Faculty Scholarship

Ten years ago, philosopher Robert E. Goodin published "No Smoking: The Ethical Issues." Goodin argued that the liberty of smokers can be justifiably limited for two reasons: to prevent harm to third persons and to prevent harm to smokers themselves under circumstances which make their decision to smoke substantially non-autonomous. In this article Thaddeus Pope reexamines the harm principle and the soft paternalism principle in light of more recent legal developments, gives them additional content, and carefully demarcates the justificatory scope of each. Pope also defines and defends a third liberty-limiting principle, hard paternalism, arguing that the liberty of smokers …

Pathogenesis Of Bartonella Henselae In The Domestic Cat: Use Of A Pcr-Based Assay For The Detection And Differentiation Of B. Henselae Genotype I And Genotype Ii In Chronically Infected Cats., Alma Faye Roy

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Bartonella henselae is a zoonotic agent in which the domestic cat serves as the natural reservoir, and humans acquire potentially serious infections associated with this microorganism. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of B. henselae in the domestic cat using a molecular approach. Using sequence differences in a portion of the I 6S rRNA gene between B. henselae genotype I, and B. henselae genotype II, a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was designed and used to investigate various phases of feline bartonellosis. The nPCR detected 3.2 organisms per milliliter of blood which …

Social Risk And The Transformation Of Public Health Law: Lessons From The Plague Years, Elizabeth B. Cooper

Faculty Scholarship

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was the wake-up call that disturbed America from its mid-twentieth century slumber concerning the dangers of communicable diseases. Until AIDS was identified in 1981, most Americans felt largely impervious to health threats posed by viruses or bacteria. Polio, smallpox, and tuberculosis had been brought under control by the "magic bullets" of antibiotics and vaccines." We felt more susceptible to the ravages of cancer or the debilitation of heart disease. But, over the last twenty years, the (re)emergence of serious or life-threatening microbial- based conditions such as Ebola, hantavirus, Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and even …

International Law And Global Public Health, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Microbialpolitik: Infectious Diseases And International Relations, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Ms211: By Healthcare Committee Doc, Armin Weinberg

Works on Radiation Effects: 1990-2020

Selected material about the healthcare system/status in Russia circa 1997. It looks like a series of pieces from a healthcare publication. Clearly this was a part of our trying to assess the opportunity to further our work with Dennis Sokol of the American Medical Centers that Ambassador Strauss connected us with as well as the post-Chernobyl opportunities for our colleagues in the Former USSR. See more at Armin Weinberg, PhD Papers and its finding aid.

Trade And Health: The Global Spread Of Diseases And International Trade, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Return Of The Fourth Horseman: Emerging Infectious Diseases And International Law, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Controlling Infectious Diseases, David P. Fidler, William Lane Porter

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Zoonotic Diseases Of Carnivores And Occupational Safety Issues For Predator Control Employees, Michele T. Jay

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

The paper highlights some important zoonotic infections of carnivores in North America. The etiologic agents, routes of transmission, reservoirs, and methods for prevention are emphasized. Occupational safety issues for people working in predator control are discussed.

An Examination Of The Effects Of The Mother's Education And Household Exposure To Disease On Childhood Diarrheal Morbidity In Sudan., Dawood Hussein Sultan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation examines the effect of increases in the mother's level of education on the likelihood of diarrheal morbidity among Sudanese children aged 6 to 23 months. Maximum likelihood logistic regression models are used in the analysis. The logit estimates obtained from these models revealed that children of mothers who are illiterate run on average more than 10 times the risk of diarrhea as that run by children to mothers with a senior secondary or higher education. Slight increases in the mother's education, as indicated by an incomplete primary school education, reduce the likelihood of diarrhea by more than 50%. …

Balancing The Barriers: Exploiting And Creating Incentives To Promote Development Of New Tuberculosis Treatments, Patricia C. Kuszler

Articles

This Article considers the many barriers that health-care providers and public health authorities face in stemming the modem TB epidemic. Part II reviews historical public health measures, their results, and their adaptability to resurgent and MDR-TB. Part III considers the fundamental barriers to a successful global effort using these public health strategies, concluding that these barriers are insurmountable given the current arsenal of anti-tuberculosis therapies. Part IV examines the reasons why research and development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs and vaccines have stagnated over the last quarter century. Finally, part V explores incentives that might revive research and development of such …

Mission Impossible? International Law And Infectious Diseases, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Aids Phobia, Public Health Warnings, And Lawsuits: Deterring Harm Or Rewarding Ignorance?, Wendy K. Mariner

Faculty Scholarship

Courts in more than a dozen states have decided cases in which a person has claimed money damages for his or her fear of getting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although most courts have rejected such claims in the absence of actual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), their reasoning has varied slightly from state to state. This article argues that negligence law should not permit people who are HIV negative to recover damages for an unfounded fear of AIDS. Public health statements intended to educate the public about preventing HIV transmission may have encouraged some fear-of-AIDS lawsuits against health …

Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis: A Molecular Epidemiology Study, Lyndell R. Gill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is the third-most-frequently isolated microorganism associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients during their stay at the Mountain Home VA Medical Center (MHVAMC). In order to develop a practical, epidemiologically-meaningful typing method for M. (B.) catarrhalis, we tested two methods based on analysis of chromosomal DNA for typeability, reproducibility, and ability to differentiate between unrelated strains (discriminatory power, D). M. (B.) catarrhalis isolants from MHVAMC from 7/1/87-6/30/88 were grown overnight in broth and embedded in agarose. DNA was isolated by standard methods. The DNA was subjected to: (1) restriction endonuclease digestion (with either Bgl II …

The Resurgent Tuberculosis Epidemic In The Era Of Aids: Reflections On Public Health, Law, And Society, Lawrence O. Gostin

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.

G95-1259 Wildlife And Disease--Public Health Concerns, Dallas Virchow, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Wayne L. Kramer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes human health risks and symptoms associated with prominent diseases of Nebraska's wildlife. Listed are precautions for minimizing exposure and preventing infection.

Zoonoses (zoe-uh'-no-sez') are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Wild animals and domestic animals share some disease-causing organisms and either group can transmit diseases to people. Transmission can occur directly through contact with tissues or body fluids of animals. Indirect transmission can occur through insects, ticks and mites that feed on infected animals.

The Habitat, Ecology And Epidemiology Of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis In Southeast Louisiana., Kenny L. Samui

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Many unanswered questions on the epidemiology and ecology of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) still preclude a complete understanding of its natural history. Among these are the distribution and epidemic vectors of EEE virus (EEEV) in different regions, habitats, and foci; its inter-epidemic maintenance, and overwintering mechanisms. Phase 1 of a research project designed to find answers to the above questions with regard to southeast Louisiana was conducted over 1992 and 1993, and consisted of several individual studies. These included 3 mosquito studies to determine major horse- and bird-feeding mosquito species that could be the EEEV epidemic vectors in southeast Louisiana; …

The Value And Utility Of Animals In Research, Andrew N. Rowan, Joan C. Weer

Validation of Animal Experimentation Collection

The Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Animals and Public Policy, sponsored an invitational seminar, The Value and Utility of Animals in Research, on October 14, 1993, at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Baltimore, Maryland. This seminar was the second in a series of three organized by the Center for Animals and Public Policy and supported by The Pew Charitable Trusts to deal with issues relating to the use of animals in research. The first seminar, Biology Education and Animals: Opportunities and Issues, was held in the spring of 1993. The third meeting, at the National Press Club …

Hiv And The Need For A Voluntarist Approach, David A. Hansell, Esq.

Fordham Urban Law Journal

After a decade of fighting AIDS, the public health community has come to recognize that strategies to combat the infection must be premised on voluntarism and not on coercion. Attempts to combat AIDS with coercive public health strategies stem from a desire to force AIDS into an ill-fitting traditional disease-response framework, overlooking the differences between HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, including the limitations in available treatment modalities for HIV. A return to such a cramped, narrowly-medicalized view of the AIDS epidemic has enormous social implications and a coercive strategy would frustrate efforts to stem the spread of the disease. …

Risk And Rationality: The Centers For Disease Control And The Regulation Of Hiv-Infected Health Care Workers, Mary Anne Bobinski

Faculty Articles

The publicity surrounding the Bergalis case has created a new and powerful fear for some-the fear of contracting a fatal disease while obtaining medical or dental care. Following Bergalis' congressional testimony, Congress passed a bill requiring states to regulate HIV-infected health care workers (HCWs). Responding to constituents' fears, state legislatures had already been debating a wide range of bills designed to confront the risk of HIV transmission in health care settings. Private actors, such as hospitals and insurers, feared litigation or loss of business if the public perceived them to be ignoring the problem of HIV infection among HCWs. As …

Effects Of An Academic Community Health Nursing Program On Self-Reported Functions And Competencies Of Entry Level Public Health Nurses, Charlotte Powell

MSN Research Projects

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of an academic community health nursing program on functions and competencies of entry level public health nurses. The primary purpose of this study was to ascertain if additional knowledge regarding functions and competencies expected of public health nurses, acquired in an academic setting at the baccalaureate level, would improve self-reported functions and competencies of public health nurses. This study was based on King's (1981) conceptual model for continuing nursing education and her Theory of Goal Attainment. This model depicts the interrelatedness and importance of nurses continuing their nursing education which leads to effective goal …

A Model For Determining The Need For Chronic Disease Prevention In The Community: Development And Use, Janet Garzone Kosidlak

Abraham S. Fischler College of Education ETD Archive

The traditional concerns of public health have been the promotion of health, the prevention of disease, and the prevention of premature death. As death from communicable diseases and conditions of pregnancy and early infancy decrease, public health interests are being expanded toward the prevention of premature death from chronic diseases.

Mortality rates were the most common indicators used to describe the burden of chronic disease problems in the community. Mortality rates are based on the number of incidences per 100,000 population. A relatively newer indicator is called Years of Potential Life Lost. Years of Potential Life Lost represent the number …

G89-926 Swine Reproductive Problems: Infectious Causes, Alex Hogg, Donald G. Levis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes causes, clinical signs, control, prevention and treatment of swine reproductive problems due to infectious diseases. The reproductive potential for the ideal sow has been calculated as 31.2 pigs weaned per year. The United States average is 14 pigs per sow per year--less than one-half the reproductive potential of the ideal sow. A major part of this low reproductive efficiency is due to either infectious or non-infectious causes. The infectious causes of swine reproductive problems are addressed here.

Aids Law: Impact Of Aids On American Schools And Prisons, The , Elizabeth B. Cooper

Faculty Scholarship

The American public largely has responded with fear and hostility rather than with knowledge and compassion to the presence of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ("AIDS") in society. Although our reactions are changing as we learn more about the syndrome and its causitive virus, some people continue to characterize AIDS as a well-deserved punishment of those groups most often afflicted with AIDS: gay men and intravenous drug users. Many people also persist in their erroneous beliefs that AIDS can be spread through casual contact. Although much remains to be learned about AIDS, there already exists an abundance of information upon which …

The Saffron Scourge: A History Of Yellow Fever In Louisiana, 1796-1905., Jo Ann Carrigan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

No abstract provided.

The Louisiana State Board Of Health: The Formative Years., Gordon Earl Gillson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

No abstract provided.

The Development Of Public Health Medicine In Minnesota, Louis B. Wilson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Water: Its Inluence On Health And Disease, John Wilby

Student and Lippitt Prize Essays

An insight into the health effects of water and diseases it may carry; provides alternative ideas and solutions for sanitizing.

What Ought The People Of A Community To Do To Help Their Local Board Of Health?, Charles N. Hewitt

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.