Digital Commons Network^™

Preserving Sequential Order: Goal-Directed Processing And Social-Cognitive Consequences, Charles Douglas Mccann

Digitized Theses

Three studies were conducted to examine issues concerning the preservation of original stimulus input order in memory and its effects on subsequent judgments. More specifically, the studies were concerned with: (a) the extent to which the sequential order of input is preserved in memory under different processing goals or objectives, and (b) the implications of this for social judgment. The processing objectives of 'impression formation' and 'recall' were employed in all three studies (along with 'no-goal' control groups in Studies 2 and 3). In Study 1, after reading a descriptive essay concerning the behaviors of a stimulus person, subjects were …

Behavioral Consistency And Individual Differences In Predictive Structure, Sampo Vilho Paunonen

Digitized Theses

Psychological research has frequently been directed at evaluating the predictive utility of personality assessments with respect to various behavioural criteria. Bem and Allen (1974) have advocated an approach to maximizing the convergences of various modes of personality assessment which is based on the identification of behaviourally consistent and predictable individuals along specific trait dimensions. The measured behavioural consistency for individuals was used as an independent moderator variable, influencing the correlations between predictor and criterion measures of personality. Individuals who identified themselves as being consistent for a particular behavioural domain were shown by Bem and Allen to be more predictable than …

The Structure Of Associative Memory Traces: A Mathematical Analysis Of Learning Associative Clusters, Mark Lebas Howe

Digitized Theses

Two theories of associative memory that differ in the hypothesized structure of the memory trace (multiple independent traces or a single unitary trace) and in the way in which these representations are acquired (gradual strengthening or all-or-none) were examined in the context of a list-learning task. The associative, or multiple trace theory, characterizes memorial representation as a series of distinct memory locations that are independently linked together. Acquisition proceeds by continuously incrementing the strength of interconcept links. The Gestalt, or unitary trace theory, on the other hand, characterizes memorial representation as a single unitary structure. According to this model, acquisition …

Selected Factors Contributing To Depression Among Women., Barbara Marie Hardin

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

It has been a consistent epidemiological finding that women are more prone to develop symptoms of depression than men. The present investigation examines women's greater vulnerability to depression in terms of Beck's cognitive theory of depression. Sixty women were divided into a depressed group and a non-depressed group on the basis of criteria scores on Scale 2 of the MMPI and on the Beck Depression Inventory. The groups did not differ significantly in age, education or employment status. Each subject was administered the MMPI, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hopelessness Scale, the Personal Attributes Questionaire (PAQ), and Levenson's Internal, …

Headache Sufferers' Psychological And Physiological Reactions To Stress., J. Mark Pratt

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Relationships between stress and psychophysiological aspects of headache have often been assumed but seldom systematically demonstrated. The present study examined response patterns of 30 subjects, equally representing groups of migraine, muscle contraction headache (MCH) and low-frequency headache controls. Psychological variables assessed included the Beck Depression Inventory, a life stress scale, the Multiple Affective Adjective Checklist (MAACL), Levenson's Locus of Control Scales, and two subjective units of distress (SUDS) ratings of traffic fatality slides associated with emotional stress manipulations. Eight physiological measures (frontalis and trapezius EMG, temporal artery pulse volume, respiration frequency and amplitude, skin resistance level and conductance response, and …

A Comparison Of The Responses Of Children And Their Parents To The Preschool Personality Questionnaire., Robert Roy Allen

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to establish criterion validity for the Preschool Personality Questionnaire (PSPQ). The PSPQ is a 200-item forced choice, self report inventory for four- through six-year-olds. One hundred and sixty of the items are scored on 14 factor analytically derived scales. The PSPQ is a downward extension of the Cattell-IPAT personality questionnaires. For the study, the PSPQ was administered to 107 children, and predictions of their responses were made by their parents and teachers. The proportion of agreement between parents and children on the individual items was calculated, and compared with the proportion of agreement between …

The Effect Of Feedback Sensitivity On Learned Heart Rate Acceleration And Deceleration., John Edward Monguillot

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The effects of sensitivity of heart rate feedback on bidirectional heart rate control were examined by comparing two groups of 10 subjects who received feedback signals of either high or low sensitivity. Subjects in the high sensitivity condition received a feedback signal in which 1 cm of feedback meter needle movement was equivalent to an 8.57 beat-per-minute (BPM) change in momentary heart rate. The low sensitivity condition received a feedback signal which was one-half as sensitive, i.e. 1cm = 17.14 BPM change. All subjects received 8 sessions of training and each session included three within-session phases. The three within-session phases …

The Effects Of Training, Goal Setting, And Knowledge Of Results On Safe Behavior: A Component Analysis., Robert Allen Reber

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The present research investigated the effects of training, goal setting, and knowledge of results (KR) of safe behavior in a field setting. As a result, it addressed both a theoretical issue and a practical problem. Of theoretical importance is ascertaining the effects of KR when combined with goal setting. Of practical significance is assessing the utility of a behavioral approach to occupational safety. Eleven departments (n = 105 employees) of a farm machinery manufacturing plant were divided into three groups. A multiple-baseline, across-groups design was utilized for the four phases: (a) baseline, (b) Training Only, (c) Goal Setting and Training, …

The Effects Of Single Versus Multiple Levels Of Feedback Sensitivity Upon Learned Control Of Skin Temperature., Alfred Ellis Buxton

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study examined the relationship between single and multiple levels of augmented feedback received during training of bidirectional finger temperature control. Twenty-five male and twenty-five female undergraduate students were randomly assigned, balanced for sex, to one of five training groups. Three groups received a single level of feedback sensitivity (none, low, high) and two groups received multiple levels of feedback sensitivity within the same training trial (high-low and low-high). Finger temperature feedback was provided in the form of visual analogue feedback. All subjects received two one-hour training sessions. Each session consisted of a skin temperature decrease trial followed by a …

Differential Effects Of Marriage Depending Upon Sex For Students In Professional Programs., Patricia Cawunder

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The major hypothesis of this study was that the married state conveys a performance benefit to the male student and is a detriment to the female student. Differential effects of marriage by sex were hypothesized to be related to traditional sex-role concepts such that married female students receive less spouse support and have more role conflict than the male. The hypotheses were tested with law students and veterinary medical students. Performance was measured with GPA, and measures of spouse support and role conflict were developed from weightings of judges for items in a structured telephone interview. Different results were obtained …

Reducing Shoplifting Incidents Through The Use Of Signs., Jeffrey Allan Gottlieb

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study consisted of three experiments designed to reduce the shoplifting rate of targeted merchandise in retail establishments without adversely affecting sales. In the first two experiments, attempts were made to replicate earlier findings suggesting that identifying frequently stolen merchandise would reduce its theft rate. In addition, signs were posted in locations where shoppers contemplated or carried out the act of shoplifting in order to achieve generalized reductions in shoplifting. Neither the signs identifying frequently stolen merchandise nor the signs identifying locations used by shoplifters had a consistent impact on any of the target merchandise. The third experiment was designed …

Standardization Of The Dreger Dyadic Family Interacting Scale., Somsri Reem Kongprasirtpong Khalid

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Triads consisting of father, mother, and an offspring from 122 intact families responded to the Dreger Dyadic Family Interaction Scale (DDFIS) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. The sample was made up of mostly white, middle-class, non-clinic families. Two offspring age-groups were included, 12-14 and 18-21. Factor analysis on the DDFIS yielded ten factors. Analyses of variance comparing subgroups within the samples indicated many findings consistent with existing literature or in the expected direction. There were also unexpected findings. Another two independent groups of college students were asked to rate the wholesomeness and the social desirability of the DDFIS items. …

Year By Year Comparisons Of Factor Scores On The Children's Behavioral Classification Project Instrument., Kim Elizabeth Vangeffen

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A considerable body of research has been developed in the area of children's problems and their classification. Nevertheless, none of the systems which have been studied have gained widespread acceptance. One of the biggest problems with previous research in this area has been the lack of data tying problem dimensions to age or developmental level. The purpose of the present research was the examination of year by year differences in 25 dimensions of children's behavior. Subjects consisted of 281 school children between the ages of 5 and 14. The Children's Behavioral Classification Project Instrument was administered to the parent or …

Psychophysiological Concomitants Of Levels Of Cognitive Processing., Ronald Alan Cohen

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The peripheral electrophysiological manifestations of levels of cognitive processing and memory performance were investigated by recording heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature and electromyogram measures during a three phase verbal task. Subjects processed words at three cognitive levels (phonetic, low semantic, high semantic), and physiological recordings were made during cue covert processing and verbalization phases. Three colored lights were used to cue subjects to the appropriate processing level for each word. An incidental memory task was given following the processing tasks. As expected, words processed at the higher cognitive levels were recalled better. There was greater physiological reactivity associated with …

A Factor Analytic Comparison Of The Work Values Of Divergent Groups, Janette A. Hankins

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A new concept in motivation has recently been devised: that of work values. The Work Values Inventory (WVI) developed by Donald E. Super (1970) was used to test five hypotheses:

(1) The underlying work value structures of persons will not vary according to age;

(2) The underlying work value structures of persons will not vary according to sex;

(3) The underlying work value structures of persons will vary according to level (undergraduate, master's degree students, or post-master's degree);

(4) The underlying work value structures of college students will vary according to whether they are a psychology major or not;

(5) …

Area-Intensity Relationships And Brightness, Kathleen Ann O'Donnell

Doctoral Dissertations

The change in brightness due to an increase in the size of a test stimulus is termed spatial (areal) summation. The aim of the present research is to quantify spatial summation effects for a large range of stimulus sizes at two suprathreshold luminance levels and two stimulus presentation methods (binocular and haploscopic). Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the brightness matching technique was employed and in the second experiment, a magnitude estimation task was utilized. Brightness was found to increase when stimulus area increased. This brightness change was greater when stimulus luminance was high, than when stimulus luminance …

Time-Course Of Spatio-Temporal Adaptation; With Respect To The Existence Of Separate Spatial And Temporal Visual Mechanisms, Steven Chaim Panish

Doctoral Dissertations

A series of experiments examined the hypothesis that spatial and temporal variation are processed by separate visual mechanisms. The first set of experiments determined that contrast thresholds set using spatial and temporal criteria covaried for counterphase-flickered gratings over a wide range of spatial and temporal frequencies. The two threshold curves appeared more independent when gratings were drifted, but this probably resulted from different patterns of eye movements within the two tasks.

A second set of experiments measured the time-course of adaptation under conditions designed to isolate the two hypothetical mechanisms, in an attempt to record a temporal "fingerprint" characterizing each …

Family Scapegoating And Adolescent Development, J David Arnold

Doctoral Dissertations

The clinical literature on families refers to the scapegoating of children by parents as a serious problem in certain dysfunctional families. This study explores scapegoating as a more general phenomenon that occurs in normal (i.e., non-clinical) families as well. The study utilized self-reports of 403 adolescents to assess the frequency and distribution of scapegoating in normal families and what adolescent difficulties are associated with family scapegoating. Most adolescent respondents reported experiencing family scapegoating. The pattern of family scapegoating self-reports varied more with the type of family conflict scapegoated than with the family member doing the scapegoating. Reports of family scapegoating …

Teachers' Perceptions Of Hyperactivity And Conduct Problems In Children, Sibylle J. Carlson

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the salient factors in teachers' judgements of hyperactivity and conduct problems. A set of thirty eight vignettes was presented to fifty elementary school teachers. Five variables, two levels of each, were systematically varied in the vignettes: gender (male or female), quality of schoolwork (adequate or poor), activity level (medium or high), aggression (non-aggressive or aggressive), and peer acceptance (liked or not-liked). For each vignette, subjects rated the extent they considered the child to be hyperactive (or a conduct problem), how likely they would be to refer the child for evaluation, and …

Self-Talk And Exposure In The Reduction Of Avoidance In Aquaphobic Children., Johanna Wolfson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Efficacy of verbal self-regulation and in vivo exposure, as compared to placebo treatments, was tested in reduction of water avoidance in aquaphobic children. Forty-seven aquaphobic subjects were assigned to one of five conditions: (1) Self-talk with imaginal exposure (ST); (2) Self-talk with in vivo exposure (ST/E); (3) Attention Control with imaginal exposure (AC); (4) Attention Control with in vivo exposure (AC/E); (5) No Treatment Control (NTC). Children in the ST/E and AC/E groups demonstrated the greatest gains in reduction of avoidance, while those in the ST and ST/E groups showed greater gains in swim proficiency. As compared to the NTC, …

A Comparative Study Of Three Methods For Raising Self-Esteem Among The Elderly, Laila Gitelle Melin Davidson

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The self-concept of elderly people as a group is generally considered low. Self-concept is negatively influenced by an external source, i.e., cultural regard, and by the internal or personal adaptive changes of the aging process. To age successfully, positive or high concept of self is considered necessary. The literature indicates that self-concept can be changed. This study tested whether involvement in one of three educational processes (class groups) was effective in raising the self-esteem of the elderly participants. The class groups were (1) Current-Events or Job-Preparation, (2) Psychology, and (3) Memory and Relaxation Techniques. A fourth group, not in an …

Towards A Model For Considering The Social Functions Of Art, Ronald W. Neperud

Journal of Social Theory in Art Education

The purpose of this paper is to suggest development of a model for examining the social functions of art with the goal that art educators might better understand and value that dimension of human activity. In recent decades individuality, self-expression, and creativity have reigned supreme to the neglect of other dimensions of art important to human welfare--functions important to maintaining the group. The more recent valuing of art of the culturally diverse and the importance of art to groups such as Blacks, Chicanos, and the elderly, and others has suggested that art educators need to understand how art functions in …

The Psychology Of Singing: A Bioenergetic Perspective, Nicki R.S. Mcclusky

Theses

Unavailable.

Apprenticeship And Didactic-Experiential Training For Paraprofessional Telephone Crisis Counselors., Carol Rae Cohen

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Level of accurate empathy of 19 paraprofessional telephone crisis counselors was examined following participation in either an apprenticeship or didactic-experiential training program. The apprenticeship program consisted of 32 hours of on-the-job experience supervised by an experienced volunteer counselor and 28 hours of training provided by crisis center staff members. The didactic-experiential program consisted of 60 hours of preservice training provided by the center's staff. Prior to training, participants in both groups were administered the Short Dogmatism Scale and the Adult Self Expression Scale, a measure of assertiveness, as well as questionnaires to assess demographic variables, knowledge of crisis theory and …

Carl Jung: A Formalist Critique, Harold J. Mcwhinnie

Journal of Social Theory in Art Education

I will present a review of the basic thoughts of Carl Jung and outline his research in areas such as psychological types and the uses of symbols in art. Special attention will be placed on his discussions of Schiller's work on aesthetic play. His work on the psychological types will be related to research in art education with the Myers-Briggs tests. His work on symbols in art will be related to the new and growing interest of art education in the whole field of Creative Arts Therapy. Jung's influence on art education will be discussed within the historical and philosophical …

Duration Discrimination In A Series Of Rhythmic Events, Andrea R. Halpern, Christopher J. Darwin

Faculty Journal Articles

Duration discrimination of the last of a series of four clicks was investigated. Examination of psychophysical functions from eight subjects revealed evidence for a Weber’s law model relating discrimination to base interclick interval. Also, the point of subjective equality was seen to change reliably as a function of base rate.

Drugs, Physiochemical Bonding, And Human Experience, Donald W. Brodeur

Sacred Heart University Review

Professor Brodeur looks at the nature of cellular structures and drug molecular structures to understand how a drug has an effect on the human body or any other living organism.

Donald Brodeur is Professor of Psychology at Sacred Heart University.

How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love The Bomb: An Ethnography Of Speaking Of A Millenarian Movement, Karl W. Schmiedeskamp

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

The Psychology Of Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773-1843): Its Context, Nature, And Historical Significance, David E. Leary

Psychology Faculty Publications

Most German philosophers in the early nineteenth century were devoted, to the idealistic « completion » of Immanuel Kant's critical philosophy. A few independent philosophers, however, were preoccupied with the elaboration of a non-idealistic, and less speculative, conclusion to Kant's thought. Among the earliest opponents of the speculative idealists was Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773-1843), a philosopher of wide-ranging interests who might have had a much greater impact upon the course of German philosophy had his liberal political affiliations not curtailed his academic career. As it was, his influence was considerable anyway. One aspect of this influence is of particular interest: …

Book Review Of Psychology In Legal Contexts, By Lloyd Bostock, Michael L. Perlin

Other Publications

No abstract provided.