Digital Commons Network^™

The Implementation Of Reading Interventions In A Community Setting, Kimberly H. Bell

Student Work

The study examined the effects on reading skills of phonological awareness and analogy-based interventions that were provided in a community setting. Children were assigned randomly to one of the two conditions. In the phonological awareness condition, children were taught to connect the sounds of speech with alphabet letters. In the analogy-based condition, children were taught to use familiar words to decode unfamiliar words. The results revealed significant overall improvement on three measures of reading skills. However, this improvement did not depend on whether the children received the analogy-based or phonological awareness intervention. The implications of this research for developing effective …

Lawrence University Psychologist Examines Role Of Ambivalent Attitudes In Gender Inequality, Lawrence University

Press Releases

The role benevolent and hostile attitudes play in perpetuating gender stereotypes will be the focus of a Lawrence University Science Hall Colloquium Thursday, March 10.

Peter Glick, professor of psychology at Lawrence, presents “Bad but Bold vs. Wonderful but Weak! Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Both Sexes Reinforce Gender Inequality,” at 4:15 p.m. in Science Hall, Room 202.

In the address, Glick will share the findings of a 16-nation study he helped conduct that examined traditional attitudes towards men and women and how those attitudes related to gender inequality. He will discuss how traditional hostile qualities often associated with men, such as …

The Deep Structure Of Law And Morality, Robin B. Kar

ExpressO

This Article argues that morality and law share a deep and pervasive structure, an analogue of what Noam Chomsky calls the “deep structure” of language. This structure arises not to resolve linguistic problems of generativity, but rather from the fact that morality and law engage psychological adaptations with the same natural function: to allow us to resolve social contract problems flexibly. Drawing on and extending a number of contemporary insights from evolutionary psychology and evolutionary game theory, this Article argues that we resolve these problems by employing a particular class of psychological attitudes, which are neither simply belief-like states nor …

Increasing Empathic Accuracy Through Practice And Feedback In A Clinical Interviewing Course, David F. Barone, Philinda S. Hutchings

Faculty Publications – Psychology

Accurate empathy, long argued to be important in psychotherapy, now is an object of social-cognitive research. Graduate-level psychology students viewed brief portions of a therapy session and inferred the thoughts and feelings of the client. Accuracy scores were the rated similarity of their inferences to the client's reported thoughts and feelings. Throughout the semester course in interviewing, experimental participants practiced such judgments with feedback, while controls did not. Both groups' accuracy increased from pre-to post-test on inferred feelings, in part because the post-test was easier. Nonetheless experimental participants on the post-test had greater accuracy of inferred feelings than controls. Women …

Race, Trust, Altruism, And Reciprocity, George W. Dent Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Law And Behavioral Biology, Owen D. Jones, Timothy H. Goldsmith

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Society uses law to encourage people to behave differently than they would behave in the absence of law. This fundamental purpose makes law highly dependent on sound understandings of the multiple causes of human behavior. The better those understandings, the better law can achieve social goals with legal tools. In this Article, Professors Jones and Goldsmith argue that many long held understandings about where behavior comes from are rapidly obsolescing as a consequence of developments in the various fields constituting behavioral biology. By helping to refine law's understandings of behavior's causes, they argue, behavioral biology can help to improve law's …

School-Based Mental Health Services Delivered By School Psychologists, Emily Luis

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study involved analyses of an existing database conducted for the purposes of identifying and understanding factors that are associated with the delivery of school-based mental health services by school psychologists. The study examined the average number of hours per week in which school psychologists engage in mental health services and the types of mental health services in which they engage. Factors such as training, desire to deliver mental health services, time available and support for mental health services were investigated. The database that served as the basis for these analyses had been created by mailing a survey to 1000 …

Lawrence University Psychologist Joins State Association Board Of Directors, Lawrence University

Press Releases

Gerald Metalsky, associate professor of psychology at Lawrence University, has been elected to the Board of Directors of the Wisconsin Psychological Association. Serving a three-year term that will run through December 2007, Metalsky is the first Lawrence psychologist ever named to the WPA’s 13-member board.

Founded in 1950, the WPA is the official state affiliate of the American Psychological Association and supports psychology as a profession, which promotes human welfare through the ethical application of psychological principles in research, teaching and practice. Its 500-person membership includes professionals from throughout the state, including licensed clinicians, administrators, teachers and researchers.

“The Wisconsin …

Transient Inactivation Of Perirhinal Cortex Disrupts Encoding, Retrieval, And Consolidation Of Object Recognition Memory., Boyer D Winters, Timothy J Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Damage to perirhinal cortex (PRh) impairs object recognition memory in humans, monkeys, and rats when tested in tasks such as delayed nonmatching to sample, visual paired comparison, and its rodent analog, the spontaneous object recognition task. In the present study, we have capitalized on the discrete one-trial nature of the spontaneous object recognition task to investigate the role of PRh in several distinct stages of object recognition memory. In a series of experiments, transient inactivation of PRh was accomplished with bilateral infusions of lidocaine directly into PRh immediately before the sample phase (encoding), immediately before the choice phase (retrieval), or …

The Equation, Winter 2005, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University

College of Science and Mathematics Newsletters

This 14 page newsletter discusses various happenings within the College of Science and Mathematics. It begins with a letter from the dean, and continues on with news, events, alumni news, and other community news.

When Psychopaths Go To College: Psychopathic Traits And College Adjustment, Lyndsey L. Adams

McNair Scholars Journal

Estimated as less than 1% of the general population, psychopaths are responsible for significant amounts of violence. However, few studies have explored psychopathic personality characteristics in non-incarcerated populations, or “hidden” psychopaths. Using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), this study evaluated correlations between psychopathic traits and indicators of college maladjustment. We hypothesize that “hidden” college psychopaths are more interpersonally maladjusted than peers, equally successful intellectually, and less impulsive than their incarcerated counterparts. Understanding the differences and similarities between incarcerated and hidden psychopaths may lead to improved recognition and possibly early intervention with these social predators.

The Effects Of Infant Age On Parental Vocalizations About Object Categories In A Play-Type Setting, Katherine L. Schwartzkopf

McNair Scholars Journal

Previous studies have examined the role of various perceptual features of objects on an infant’s ability to effectively categorize the object. Few, if any studies have examined the role of parents in the formation of categories early in infancy and the effect of the infants’ age on the type of categorical information provided by the parents. In two studies, parental vocalizations directed to their infants (3- to 12-months of age) about objects were videotaped and analyzed. In Study 1 the proportion of superordinate labels used by parents increased as a function of the infant’s age while the proportion of basic …

Collaborate With Whom? Clergy Responses To Psychologist Characteristics (Chapter 2 Of Psychology And The Church), Mark R. Mcminn, Jeff Ammons, Brian R. Mclaughlin, Colleen Williamson, Justin W. Griffin, C. Richelle Fitzsimmons, Brandi Spires

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Some clergy and psychologists are willing to collaborate in providing for people under their care and some are reticent. The purpose of this research is to see if clergy are more likely to collaborate with psychologists of a particular sex or training background. Six groups of clergy were given written descriptions of a psychologist that varied on these two dimensions-the institution from which the psychologist received training and sexand were then asked to rate how likely they would be to participate in 7 collaborative scenarios with the psychologist. No group differences were found. Furthermore, clergy characteristics were not significantly related …

The Influence Of Exploration Mode, Orientation, And Configuration On The Haptic Mu« Ller-Lyer Illusion, Morton Heller, Melissa Mccarthy, Jennifer Schultz, Jayme Green, Melissa Shanley, Ashley Clark, Samantha Skoczlyas, Jamie Prociuk

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

We studied the impact of manner of exploration, orientation, spatial position, and configuration on the haptic Mu« ller-Lyer illusion. Blindfolded sighted subjects felt raised-line Mu« ller-Lyer and control stimuli. The stimuli were felt by tracing with the index finger, free exploration, grasping with the index finger and thumb, or by measuring with the use of any two or more fingers. For haptic judgments of extent a sliding tangible ruler was used. The illusion was present in all exploration conditions, with overestimation of the wings-out compared to wings-in stimuli. Tracing with the index finger reduced the magnitude of the illusion. However, …

Attitudes Toward Diversity Initiatives And Their Impact On Organizations, Brandi Michelle Robinson

Theses Digitization Project

This study examined various organizations that are actively implementing some form of diversity initiative such as training, seminars, recruitment strategies, mentoring programs, etc. The study used the Full Integration Model (Agars & Kottke, 2004) to investigate employees' attitudes towards these diversity initiatives and employees' perceptions of threat and fairness within the organizations.

The Effect Of Perceived Control On The Decision To Withdraw From An Organization In An Inequitable Situation, Marilyn Susie Lawrence-Fuller

Theses Digitization Project

This project attempts to explain impulsive behavior which is described here as behavior that cannot be explained by a rational thought process. There will be a concentration on the direct relationship between perceptions of equity and the intention to quit.

Moderating Effects Of Tolerance For Ambiguity On Role Ambiguity And Stress: The Impact On Feedback Seeking Behavior, Lorissa Ann Grant

Theses Digitization Project

This thesis examined factors related to employee (particularly new employee) stress. In particular it looked at stress caused by role ambiguity. It looked at the moderating effect of tolerance for ambiguity on the relationship between role ambiguity and stress. It also examined the indirect effect of feedback seeking behavior to gain desired role clarity as an intervening variable on stress level.

The Influence Of Exploration Mode, Orientation, And Configuration On The Haptic Mu« Ller-Lyer Illusion, Morton A. Heller, Melissa Mccarthy, Jennifer Schultz, Jayme Green, Melissa Shanley, Ashley Clark, Samantha Skoczlyas, Jamie Prociuk

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

We studied the impact of manner of exploration, orientation, spatial position, and configuration on the haptic Mu« ller-Lyer illusion. Blindfolded sighted subjects felt raised-line Mu« ller-Lyer and control stimuli. The stimuli were felt by tracing with the index finger, free exploration, grasping with the index finger and thumb, or by measuring with the use of any two or more fingers. For haptic judgments of extent a sliding tangible ruler was used. The illusion was present in all exploration conditions, with overestimation of the wings-out compared to wings-in stimuli. Tracing with the index finger reduced the magnitude of the illusion. However, …

Superattraction: The Superlearning Phenomenon In Interpersonal Attraction, Ryan Edward Lipinski

Theses Digitization Project

This thesis will discuss Pavlovian conditioning and its utility in researching various areas of psychology including interpersonal attraction. It was designed to extend the application of conditioning principles in the study of interpersonal attraction by testing cue competition predictions made by the reinforcement-context theory of attraction.

No Man Knows My Psychology: Fawn Brodie, Joseph Smith, And Psychoanalysis, Charles L. Cohen

BYU Studies

Anyone (like me) approaching the study of Mormon history wet behind the ears soon confronts Fawn McKay Brodie's famous (or, in certain LDS circles, infamous) biography of Joseph Smith. Quickly fulfilling Herbert Brayer's prophecy that it "will probably of be one of the most highly praised as well as highly condemned historical works of 1945," No Man Knows My History elicited both wholesale acclaim ("the best book about the Mormons so far published," Bernard De Voto enthused; a "definitive treatment," seconded her friend Dale Morgan) and whole-hearted condemnation ("the statement made by Joseph Smith that "no man knows my history," …

Parental Influence On Children's Ethnic Identity Among Chinese Americans, Yunus Sham'ah Md.

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the influence of Chinese American parents on their children's ethnic identity. Two research questions were designed to examine these relationships: Does the personal construct of Chinese American parents influence their children's ethnic identity and does the length of stay in the United States of Chinese American parents influence children's ethnic identity? Parental influence was identified as parents' ethnic behaviors, parents' ethnic values, parents' personal construct, and their length of stay in the United States. The 93 families who participated in this study were purposely selected from three Chinese language schools from a Midwestern city of the United …

The Effects Of Social Skills Intervention On The Emotional Intelligence Of Children With Limited Social Skills, Marni B. Betlow

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Ecological Influences On The Developmental Status Of Parents Of Adolescents, Elise N. Cantor

Doctoral Dissertations

This study takes an ecological approach to the examination of developmental status of adults in middle adulthood, with a focus on parents of adolescents, investigating adults' developmental statuses with respect to their children's development. Hypotheses predicted ecological variables would related with middle adult development, defined in terms of generativity, identity certainty, and identity concern. Children's development, social support, stress, personality, well-being, and background variables were investigated in analyses. It was further hypothesized that social support and stress would mediate the relation between child and adult development.

The sample for the present study was composed of 126 parents-child pairs. Parents were …

Gender Differences In Coping: Implications For Depression And Crime, Amanda Howerton

Doctoral Dissertations

It is a common cultural belief that women employ emotion and passive focused coping methods more frequently than men. Likewise, most empirical evidence supports the idea that women are more likely to cope by modifying their emotional responses to stress, whereas males most often use and are more proficient with the problem solving approach (Billings and Moos 1984; Endler and Parker 1990; Milkie and Thoits 1993; Pearlin and Schooler 1978; Stone and Neale 1984). Despite considerable theoretical and empirical attention to these issues, there are still several gaps that remain in our understanding of the ways in which gender and …

College Students' Development Of Social Support And Its Relationship To Pre -Orientation Experiences, Brent J. Bell

Doctoral Dissertations

The work of any life transition involves specific tasks, often including the re-establishment of social support in a variety of forms (Weiss, 1974). College students are particularly affected by transition, often disrupting established support systems while transitioning into adulthood. To assist with this transition, campuses offer a number of services (e.g., admissions/alumni programs, campus visits, pre-orientation programs, first-year orientation, first-year seminars). Such services are defined in this study as Comprehensive Transitional Programs (CTP). Little is known about how CTP impact social support. This study focused on adapting the Campus Focused Social Provisions Scale (CF-SPS), as an instrument to measure social …

Creativity Or Creativities: A Study Of Domain Generality And Specificity, Zorana Ivcevic

Doctoral Dissertations

A series of studies investigated domain generality and specificity in creativity. Preliminary studies developed behavior report measures based on act-frequency and life-space approaches. The main studies examined two aspects of generality and specificity in creativity. A first group of studies analyzed the structure of creative behavior and the second group of studies concerned personality correlates of creativity. Dimensions of creative behavior were identified in a factor analysis of behavior reports and referred to creative life-style, arts, and intellectual achievement. Moreover, these dimensions were replicated in college students and professional adults. Groups of individuals with similar patterns of behavior were identified …

Long -Term Episodic Memory In Children With Attention -Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder, Jeffrey S. Skowronek

Doctoral Dissertations

Research on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has indicated that diagnosed children show considerable memory deficits. The majority of tasks that have supported such deficits have focused on working memory and school/semantic-related abilities. Although there is a small body of literature related to long-term memory in children with ADHD, no studies appear to focus on long-term episodic memory, including personal-event memory. This is the case despite clinical and anecdotal evidence suggesting that children with ADHD might show enhanced long-term episodic memory abilities in comparison to those without.

Twenty-one children with ADHD (5 females and 16 males) and 31 children without ADHD (14 …

The Effect Of Memory For Serially Presented Causal Information On Judgments Of Contingency, Christopher A. Barnes

Doctoral Dissertations

Four experiments investigated whether memory errors might account for errors in contingency judgments. Participants viewed contingencies one event at a time, later recalled the frequencies of the four event types, and judged the extent that they were related. Contingency judgments were more highly correlated with participants' memory of the contingency than with the actual contingency (Experiments 2 & 4); thus implying that inaccurate mental representations of the contingency contribute to erroneous judgments. Decreasing the time to view each event (i.e., from 3 to 5 s) increased the perceived difficulty of recalling event frequencies (Experiments 1 & 2), decreased the percentage …

Boundary -Work In United States Psychology: A Study Of Three Interdisciplinary Programs, Michael J. Root

Doctoral Dissertations

Between 1970 and 2000 scientists from three interdisciplinary programs---evolutionary psychology, cognitive science, and chaos theory---contributed to changing U.S. psychology's disciplinary boundaries. These interdisciplinary scientists brought about this change through their conceptual, material, and social practices. Psychologists used "boundary-work" as a means to control the influx of these various practices. Boundary-work connotes activities that promote scientists' epistemic authority in society. Boundary-work also serves to demarcate a science's particular collection of knowledge from other collections. Through their boundary-work activities, various psychologists resisted some of the practices of these interdisciplinary scientists while making accommodations for other types of practices. These resistances and accommodations …

Objects, Meanings, And Connections In My Life And Career, David E. Leary

Psychology Faculty Publications

On the wall of my home-office in Richmond, Virginia, are pictures of St. Francis of Assisi, William Shakespeare, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and William James. This may seem an odd collection to others. To me, it seems natural and right. Though I didn't plan the collection - each picture having gone up at a separate time - I see now that these four objects represent central meanings and connections in my life. Apparently even a relatively reflective academic can be too busy living his life to spend much time ruminating on the relations that hold it together. Yet I find …