Digital Commons Network^™

Determining The Level Of Knowledge Of Und College Women In Their Childbearing Years Regarding Exercise During Pregnancy, Tricia Flohr, Sara Hoerner, Kari J. Melby

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

With an increase in the number of pregnant women exercising, there is an increased need for patient education and the distribution of updated guidelines to promote appropriate exercise activities.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge in English-speaking, college women in their childbearing years attending the University of North Dakota regarding the risks, precautionary measures and recommended modes of exercise during pregnancy.

SUBJECTS & METHODS: Eighty-four women between the ages of 18 and 40 enrolled in the summer school session completed a thirty-one question survey. The survey was used to gather information about the …

Development And Validation Of A Guide To Improve The Management Of Family Stressors During Pregnancy, Elena E. Jones

Abraham S. Fischler College of Education ETD Archive

The problem under investigation was the developing of practical coping strategies for adolescent pregnant mothers that improved the management of family stressors during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to develop and to verify the content and design of a guide to improve the management of family stressors during pregnancy for adolescent mothers. Five research questions to address the problem were related to the development and validation of the content and design of a guide and the implementation and evaluation of a guide to improve the management of family stressors during pregnancy.

The development methodology was used to answer …

Maternal Serum Vitamin D Levels In The Third Trimester Of Pregnancy, İsmai̇l Pehli̇van, Şükrü Hatun, Meti̇n Aydoğan, Kadi̇r Babaoğlu, Gülcan Türker, Ayşe Sevi̇m Gökalp

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To measure serum vitamin D levels of pregnant women in the last trimester and to determine factors affecting serum levels. Methods: Seventy-eight pregnant women, 19-39 years old and having their third trimester between March and May 2000, were enrolled. Serum Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D_3 levels were measured in venous blood samples during the third trimester. Maternal age, education, socioeconomic status, number of gravida, nutrition, dressing habits and daily exposure time to sunlight were determined and their correlation with serum vitamin D levels were analyzed statistically. Results: The mean age of mothers was 26.1±5.1 years. The …

Compelled Medical Treatment Of Pregnant Women: The Balancing Of Maternal And Fetal Rights , Pamala Harris

Cleveland State Law Review

This note explores the question: is it ever permissible for a physician or a judge to compel a pregnant woman to submit to medical treatment for the benefit of her fetus? This note begins by examining the ideology of motherhood and the legal status of the fetus. This note then examines the ethical aspects and legal issues involved in compelling a pregnant woman to undergo treatment for the benefit of her fetus. This note then explores the controls of pregnancy that result in maternal-fetal conflicts. Finally, this note examines the court's use of a balancing test in reaching decisions in …

Pagophagia And Hemoglobin Levels In Pregnant Women, Contessa Ward

MSN Research Projects

Pica is a behavior characterized by the compulsive, persistent ingestion of non-food substances. It is a longstanding practice that has far-reaching implications for prevention and treatment. Pagophagia, or the excessive, compulsive consumption of ice, is a subcategory of pica. Although pica has been documented for centuries, there are limited studies regarding pagophagia and its effects in pregnant women. A comparative descriptive study was conducted to determine whether pagophagia is related to hemoglobin levels during pregnancy. Becker's Health Belief Model was utilized as the theoretical framework. Data were gathered by means of retrospective chart audit. The hypothesis was there would be …

Effects Of Superovulated Heifer Diet Type And Quantity On Relative Mrna Abundances And Pyruvate Metabolism In Recovered Embryos., C Wrenzycki, P De Sousa, E W Overström, R T Duby, D Herrmann, A J Watson, H Niemann, D O'Callaghan, M P Boland

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

This study investigated the effects of quantity and type of diet fed to superovulated donor heifers on molecular and metabolic indices of embryonic development. These effects included the relative abundances of mRNAs for the alpha 1 subunit of Na/K-ATPase and the antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn-SOD, as well as pyruvate utilization in bovine morulae and blastocysts developed in vivo. Heifers were fed a daily ration of either grass silage and a citrus-beet pulp-based concentrate or grass silage and a barley-based concentrate for 116 days, both at 3 kg per day or ad libitum. In embryos derived from heifers fed the pulp-based diets, …

The Effects Of Smoking On Blood Cells, And The Association Between Smoking And Nutrient Intake Among Pregnant Women Residing In Northern West Virginia., Rebecca King

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in respiratory disease, cancer and cardiovascular diseases and other health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of smoking on white blood cells and to assess the relation between smoking, red blood cells, nutrient intake, and newborn weight among pregnant WIC participants residing in Northern West Virginia. The study consisted of 110 pregnant women. Data for this study were obtained by in-person interviews at the clinical site or at the participants' home. The findings of the study indicated that the smokers, white blood cells and lymphocytes were positively associated with …

Life-History Consequences Of Maternal Condition In Alaskan Moose, Mark A. Keech

Biological Sciences

We studied characteristics of life-history of Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas) including the effects of maternal condition of adult females on survival and physical condition of young during their first year-of-life. We also examined the relation between maternal condition and reproductive parameters of individual adult moose. We found that females in better physical condition, as indexed by rump-fat thickness, had higher rates of pregnancy, gave birth to more twins, and produced young with higher birth masses than did females with less rump fat. Expected time-to-death for individual young increased as birth mass increased and decreased with increasing birth date and …

Pregnant Rat Uterus Expresses High Levels Of The Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase, Valerie Anne Galton, Elena Martinez, Arturo Hernandez, Emily A. St. Germain, Joanne M. Bates, Donald L. St. Germain

Dartmouth Scholarship

Although thyroid hormones are critically important for the coordination of morphogenic processes in the fetus and neonate, premature exposure of the embryo to levels of the hormones present in the adult is detrimental and can result in growth retardation, malformations, and even death. We report here that the pregnant rat uterus expresses extremely high levels of the type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3), which inactivates thyroxine and 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine by 5-deiodination. Both D3 mRNA and activity were present at the implantation site as early as gestational day 9 (E9), when expression was localized using in situ hybridization to uterine mesometrial and antimesometrial …

Maternal-Fetal Conflicts, The Social Construction Of Maternal Deviance, And Some Thoughts About Love And Justice, April L. Cherry

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

FIRST PARAGRAPH: In the short amount of time that we have together today, I would like to accomplish three tasks. First, I would like to offer a brief overview of what and whom we are talking about when we talk about "maternal-fetal conflicts." Second, I would like to discuss some of the assumptions that are held about the women involved in these "conflicts," with the hope that giving voice to these assumptions might help us better understand why we may be willing to accept the coerced medical treatment of pregnant women, or legal sanctions against pregnant women who refuse treatment …

The Role Of Dietary Intake And Exercise On Maternal Weight Gain In West Virginia., Tamara J. Gelsinger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Historically, weight gain during pregnancy has been a topic of intense debate. During the 19th century, the mother was to “diet” to produce smaller babies, thereby avoiding early induction of labor. Excessive weight gain was thought to complicate labor, increase the incidence of eclampsia and preclampsia, and decrease the likelihood of successful breast feeding, in addition to a number of other complications (Cogley, 1983). In response to such debate, the Committee on Nutritional Status during Pregnancy and Lactation was formed, and subcommittees were appointed to focus on specific aspects of the overall subject. Consequently, guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy …

Civil Commitment Of Pregnant Women As A Means Of Protecting Fetuses From Maternal Drug And Alcohol Abuse, Dana S. Hardy

Student Thesis Honors (1996-2008)

During recent years, courts and legislatures have expanded the legal rights of fetuses, which historically were treated as part of the woman carrying them. This expansion of fetal rights has often resulted in conflict between the rights of the fetus and the rights of the woman carrying it. While concern for the health of fetuses is important to the health of our society, the maternal-fetal conflict is often unnecessary, as the health interests of fetuses could be more effectively promoted in ways that would not conflict with the interests of the mother. In this paper I will specifically address whether …

The Maternal Diet Can Prevent Neural Tube Defects, Shannon Michelle Gardner

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Maternal diet and nutritional status have a direct impact on pregnancy course and outcome. Nutrition is critical to the development of the human embryo and fetus. Each year in the United States, approximately 4000 pregnancies are affected by neural tube defects (NTD). The most important finding in recent years has been the relationship between maternal folic acid status and NTDs. Other studies have found an association between zinc deficiency and an increased risk for having an NTD-affected pregnancy. Furthermore, some of the latest research has linked maternal obesity with the development of NTDs. The cumulative data from several studies have …

Exercise And Pregnancy: A Guide For Health Care Professionals, Stacy L. Ripplinger

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Health and fitness has become nationwide trends resulting in people of all ages making wiser choices regarding nutrition and exercise. Pregnant women are also participating in this fitness revolution to help ease the discomforts of pregnancy, maintain fitness levels, and regain their shape after delivery. These women often turn to health care providers, including physical therapists, for guidance. The purpose of this independent study, accomplished by a review of the literature, is to provide physical therapists and general health care practitioners an overview of maternal body changes, nutritional requirements, and emotional changes that occur during pregnancy, and how these factors …

Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Grandmothers Laughing: Intergenerational Transmission Of Cultural Beliefs About Pregnancy And Childbirth Among Native American Women, Claudia Robin Long

Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation reports findings from a qualitative study of intergenerational transmission of pregnancy and childbirth information among Native American women. Proposed is a theory of intergenerational transmission that explains four pathways used by Indian women to gain information about pregnancy and childbirth. Antecedent, consequent, and core elements are associated with the transmission process.

Discriminant sampling was used to identify the middle generation of Indian mothers and grandmothers, between 36 and 65 years of age, residing on or near the reservation, with experience of assimilation policies that had moved off-reservation temporarily. The researcher used the grounded theory method to analyze responses …

Unshackling Black Motherhood, Dorothy E. Roberts

Michigan Law Review

When stories about the prosecutions of women for using drugs during pregnancy first appeared in newspapers in 1989, I immediately suspected that most of the defendants were Black women. Charging someone with a crime for giving birth to a baby seemed to fit into the legacy of devaluing Black mothers. I was so sure of this intuition that I embarked on my first major law review article based on the premise that the prosecutions perpetuated Black women's subordination. My hunch turned out to be right: a memorandum prepared by the ACLU Reproductive Freedom Project documented cases brought against pregnant women …

Exercise During Pregnancy, Sue Merkel

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Physical fitness and sports participation has increased in popularity over the years. This raises concerns as to whether exercising while pregnant is beneficial or harmful to the mother and her unborn child. Research has determined the maternal and fetal responses during various forms of exercise. This research has been used to help establish guidelines and recommendations for pregnant women. However, there continues to be controversy as to the exercise guidelines pregnant females need to follow. Women experience physical changes throughout their pregnancy which can lead to low back pain, abdominal or pelvic floor dysfunctions. These complications can be prevented or …

United States. V. Virginia New Gender Equal Protection Analysis With Ramifications For Pregnancy, Parenting And Title Vii, Candace Kovacic-Fleischer

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

ABSTRACT: In this Article, Professor Kovacic-Fleischer argues that the Supreme Court's recent decision in United States v. Virginia raises gender equal protection analysis to the level of strict scrutiny. Professor Kovacic-Fleischer asserts that the Court's refusal to accept as immutable VMI's single-sex institutional design, and the Court's requirement that VMT make adjustments and alterations that will enable qualified women to undertake VM's curriculum evidences this shift in gender equal protection analysis. Professor Kovacic-Fleischer then turns to the significance of the Court's citation to California Federal Savings & Loan Association v. Guerra. She asserts that this citation indicates that the Court …

Labour And Birth Information Needs Of First Time Mothers In Malawi And Satisfaction With Information Received, Address M. Malata

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Giving labour and birth information to first time mothers is one of the challenges facing the midwives in Malawi. There are many underlying health and soeioeconomic problems facing the people of Malawi particularly mothers in the child bearing age because of inadequate human and material resources in the health sector. This thesis presents findings of a study carried out in Malawi to explore labour and birth information given to first time mothers at hospitals and in the communities. Maternal satisfaction with the information received was determined. In addition labour and birth information needs of first time mothers in Malawi were …

Fulminant Hepatic Failure In Pregnant Women: Acute Fatty Liver Or Acute Viral Hepatitis?, S S. Hamid, S M. Jafri, H Khan, H Shah, Z Abbas, H Fields

Section of Gastroenterology

Background: Hepatitis E virus, which is endemic in our region, can cause severe liver dysfunction in pregnant women and this can be clinically confused with acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

Methods: We studied the clinical and laboratory data as well as the maternal and fetal outcomes of 12 pregnant women presenting with fulminant hepatic failure in order to determine the etiology of the disease. The clinical diagnoses were subsequently correlated with serologic assays for acute HEV infection. All patients were severely ill with deep jaundice, grade 3-4 encephalopathy and abnormal prothrombin times.

Results: A clinical diagnosis of acute viral …

A Correlative Study Of An At-Risk Population And Low Birth Weight/Infant Mortality In A Northeast Oklahoma City Community, Estacia D. Thrower

McCabe Thesis Collection

Studies show that numerous and complex variables influence pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality rates. These variables include demographic, medical, physical, environmental, behavioral, and attitudinal factors and prenatal care. Improving the health of mothers and infants is a national challenge. In 1987, more than 3.8 million infants were born in the United States. Of these, 38,408 died before their first birthday. Although the infant mortality rate is at an all-time low, the pace of progress has slowed. According to Dr. Robert Deppen of the Oklahoma State Health Department, "In 1992, Oklahoma ranked 29th in the United States for infant mortality and …

G95-1235 Growth Implants On Beef Heifer Reproduction, Gene H. Deutscher

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the benefits and concerns in the use of growth implants with beef heifers. Growth promoting implants are used extensively in beef cattle finishing programs and in suckling and growing steer programs. Implants are one of the most economical means of improving performance. However, producers are concerned with implanting suckling and growing heifers because of the possible negative effects on subsequent reproduction of heifers selected as replacements. Replacement heifers need to grow rapidly, reach puberty early, conceive early, and increase in skeletal structure to reduce calving difficulty. If implants could be used to increase growth and skeletal structure …

Survey Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids In Diets Of Midwest Low-Income Pregnant Women, Nancy M. Lewis, Anne C. Widga, Janet S. Buck, Andrea M. Frederick

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this project were to detennine the omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3 FA) consumption of low-income pregnant women, and to identify food sources of ω-3 FA in their diets. Thirty women provided three days of dietary intake that were analyzed using the Food Processor Plus computer program. Mean daily consumption of ω-3 FA was 1.060 ± 0.030 g/day. The major form of the ω-3 FA was α-linolenic acid (α-LNA; 93%), with less from eicosapentanoic acid (EPA; 2%), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA; 5%). Foods that provided the most α-LNA were fats, oils, salad dressings, and milk products. EPA …

Use Of Ultrasound In Reproductive Management Of Beef Cow Herds, Douglas D. Zalesky

South Dakota Beef Report, 1994

The use of ultrasound technology in reproductive management of beef cow herds is currently being evaluated in ongoing projects with cooperator herds in South Dakota. The projects include the use of ultrasound for the purposes of evaluating 1) cycling activity of heifers on estrous synchronization programs immediately prior to breeding and 2) early pregnancy detection and aging of fetuses in heifers and mature cows. Information obtained from these images will be used by producers to make management decisions associated with the breeding season, selection of heifers, and nutrition. Ovaries are evaluated for the presence of follicles and a corpus luteum, …

Maternal Role Adaptation Throughout Pregnancy In Primiparas, Desiree H. Wessman

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Due Process: Hope V. Perales

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

G92-1088 Pregnancy And Lactation, H. Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nutrition information for the pregnant and lactating woman.

Eating the right foods during pregnancy is important for you and your unborn baby. Your developing baby depends on you to provide the quality and quantity of food needed for a healthy start in life. Your unborn baby depends totally on you for nourishment.

What is best for you to eat is also best for the baby. Eating a well-balanced diet each day is one of the best ways to make certain you and your baby are getting all the needed nutrients to support growth and development.

A well balanced diet is …

G92-1070 Feeding Dairy Cattle For Proper Body Condition Score, Rick Grant, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes feeding and management practices that allow the producer to control body condition throughout lactation and the dry period.

Body condition score is a critical measure of a dairy feeding system's effectiveness. Adequate body fat reserves promote milk production, reproductive efficiency, and herd longevity. Excessively fat cows or overly thin cows run much greater risks of metabolic problems, lower milk yield, poor conception rates, and dystocia (difficult calving). Failure to attain proper body condition or rapid changes in body condition score during early lactation may indicate problems in herd health or feeding management.

Risk Assessment For Developmental Toxicity: Airborne Occupational Exposure To Ethanol And Iodine, Donald R. Mattison

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dean Mattison explains hazard identification, hazard characterization and exposure characterization as furnishing a foundation for Risk assessment generally. He then illustrates their application in assessing the fetal Risk posed by two common substances. Ultimately, he argues that only after Risks have been so examined can women of child bearing age (or anyone) decide what if any measures are appropriate to avoid them.