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The Dose-Response Of Maternal Exercise Volume On Newborn And Placental Outcomes, Melisa A. Mena

Open Access Dissertations

Current ACOG guidelines recommend exercise during a low-risk pregnancy for 30 minutes on most, if not all days of the week. However, little is known about how the volume of exercise performed during pregnancy affects fetoplacental size. In addition, the confounding effects of maternal nutrient intake and weight gain, and how they interact with exercise volume to influence fetoplacental size have not been appropriately addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying maternal exercise volumes on neonatal birthweight and placental volume, while addressing the influence of maternal nutrient intake and weight gain. Subjects evaluated …

Maternal Disturbance In Activated Sphingolipid Metabolism Causes Pregnancy Loss In Mice, Kiyomi Mizugishi, Cuiling Li, Ana Olivera, Jacek Bielawski, Alicja Bielawska, Chu-Xia Deng, Richard L. Proia

MUSC Faculty Journal Articles

Uterine decidualization, a process that occurs in response to embryo implantation, is critical for embryonic survival and thus is a key event for successful pregnancy. Here we show that the sphingolipid metabolic pathway is highly activated in the deciduum during pregnancy and disturbance of the pathway by disruption of sphingosine kinase (Sphk) genes causes defective decidualization with severely compromised uterine blood vessels, leading to early pregnancy loss. Sphk-deficient female mice (Sphk1–/–Sphk2+/–) exhibited both an enormous accumulation of dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine and a reduction in phosphatidylethanolamine levels in pregnant uteri. These mice also revealed increased cell death in decidual cells, decreased …

Kehamilan Dan Kejadian Malaria Di Puskesmas Way Muli, Lampung Selatan, Ismen Ismen

Kesmas

Kelompok yang paling rentan terhadap malaria adalah wanita hamil dengan berbagai akibat terhadap ibu dan janin yang dikandungnya. Di Indonesia, penelit- ian tentang hubungan kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus control dengan sumber data proner di populasi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Way Muli Kecamatan Rajabasa, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung. Populasi studi adalah wanita usia 15 – 49 tahun yang datang pada saat penelit- ian pada periode November sampai dengan Desember 2006. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan pengambilan sediaan darah. …

Ethnic/Racial Diversity, Maternal Stress, Lactation And Very Low Birthweight Infants, C Lau, N M. Hurst, E O. Smith, R J. Schanler

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: (1) To compare maternal characteristics and psychological stress profile among African-American, Caucasian and Hispanic mothers who delivered very low birthweight infants. (2) To investigate associations between psychosocial factors, frequency of milk expression, skin-to-skin holding (STS), and lactation performance, defined as maternal drive to express milk and milk volume. STUDY DESIGN: Self-reported psychological questionnaires were given every 2 weeks after delivery over 10 weeks. Milk expression frequency, STS, and socioeconomic variables were collected. RESULT: Infant birthweight, education, and milk expression frequency differed between groups. Trait anxiety, depression and parental stress in a neonatal intensive care unit (PSS:NICU) were similar. African-American …

The Expression Of Ovine Placental Lactogen, Star And Progesterone-Associated Steroidogenic Enzymes In Placentae Of Overnourished Growing Adolescent Ewes., Richard G Lea, Peter Wooding, Ian Stewart, Lisa T Hannah, Stephen Morton, Karen Wallace, Raymond P Aitken, John S Milne, Timothy Regnault, Russell V Anthony, Jacqueline M Wallace

Paediatrics Publications

Overnourishing pregnant adolescent sheep promotes maternal growth but reduces placental mass, lamb birth weight and circulating progesterone. This study aimed to determine whether altered progesterone reflected transcript abundance for StAR (cholesterol transporter) and the steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp11A1, Hsd3b and Cyp17). Circulating and placental expression of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) was also investigated. Adolescent ewes with singleton pregnancies were fed high (H) or moderate (M) nutrient intake diets to restrict or support placental growth. Experiment 1: peripheral progesterone and oPL concentrations were measured in H (n=7) and M (n=6) animals across gestation (days 7-140). Experiment 2: progesterone was measured to mid- …

Navigating Hiv, Pregnancy, And Childbearing In South India, Cecilia Van Hollen

Anthropology - All Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Detention, Confinement, And Incarceration Of Pregnant Women For The Benefit Of Fetal Health, April L. Cherry

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

Section One of this Article discusses the effect of drug policy on the detention and confinement of pregnant women. This section also outlines three types of "fetal protection measures" that result in the detention, confinement, or incarceration of pregnant women in the name of fetal health and examines the legal rationales behind these mechanisms. Section One then questions whether detention is an effective way to reach the state's articulated goal of better fetal outcomes. Section Two offers a discussion of the constitutional rights at issue. This section addresses the ways in which detention violates two essential components of women's rights: …

Placental Localization And Perinatal Outcome, Lucy Emily Goddard Kalanithi

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

This retrospective case-control study was designed to investigate the relationship between placental localization and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Pregnant women with an anatomic survey from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2005, and delivery of the pregnancy at Yale-New Haven Hospital (YNHH) were identified using clinical and billing records. Multiple gestation, fetal anomaly, and incomplete medical information were reasons for exclusion. Cases (N=69) were consecutive pregnancies with evidence of IUGR (estimated fetal weight <10th percentile for gestational>age) at last follow-up ultrasound. Randomly selected controls (N=258) from the same time period had no evidence of IUGR. Maternal, ultrasound, delivery, and perinatal data were collected …

Influence Of Post-Ai Nutrition On Blood Urea Nitrogen, Progesterone, And Pregnancy, George Perry, Brandi Perry, Josh Nelson, Julie Walker, Cody Wright

South Dakota Beef Report, 2007

Research has shown that changes in nutrition can have an effect on reproductive performance. Our objective was to determine the effect of post-AI nutrition on BCS, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), progesterone, and pregnancy rates. Forage-developed Angus-cross bred heifers (n = 336) were synchronized with the Select Synch+ Controlled Internal Drug Releasing device (CIDR) protocol (d -7 100 μg GnRH and CIDR; d 0 25 mg PG and removal of CIDR). Estrus was detected for 72 h and heifers bred by AI 12 h after being detected in estrus; heifers not in detected in estrus were bred by AI and given …

I. Distribution Of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, Tgf Receptor Ii And Decorin In The Sheep Uterus Shortly After Breeding. Ii. Effect Of Tgf Beta 1 On Gene Expression In The Sheep Uterus At The Time Of Embryo Attachment. Iii. Concentration Of Tgf Beta, Ida Holaskova

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Seminal plasma (SP) transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) presumably is an immune modulator in mammalian female reproductive tract. Four experiments examined (1) distribution of TGFβ-1 and associated molecules in sheep uterus shortly after breeding, (2) role of SP in stimulating uterine TGFβ-1 as embryo enters the uterine horn, (3) SP TGFβ-1 on gene expression of immune tolerance related factors at embryonic attachment, and (4) relationship of SP TGFβ-1 and sperm characteristics in rams and bulls. Ewes were mounted (day 0) but not mated or were mated by intact or vasectomized rams or were inseminated with semen containing additional or less …

Praktik Budaya Dalam Kehamilan, Persalinan Dan Nifas Pada Suku Dayak Sanggau, Tahun 2006, Edy Suprabowo

Kesmas

Menurut WHO, kematian ibu masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama di berbagai negara di dunia dengan angka kematian rata-rata 400 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Angka kematian ibu di Kalimantan Barat adalah 442/100.000 kelahiran hidup berada di atas angka rata-rata dunia tersebut Tujuan umum penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisa praktek budaya masyarakat Suku Dayak Sanggau yang berpengaruh terhadap kehamilan, kelahiran, dan nifas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metoda wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah, dan observasi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisi tema. Penelitian diadakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sanggau pada bulan Mei 2006 dengan informan ibu hamil, …

Pregnant Teenager Involvement In Sexual Activity And The Social Context, Maria José Carvalho Sant'anna, Júlia Kerr Catunda, Kepler Alencar Mendes Carvalho, Verônica Coates, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Pregnancy during adolescence represents a challenge to society as a whole. Its incidence is increasing and brings about social and medical consequences to both the teen mothers and their children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnant teenager involvement in sexual activity and the social context. The group studied comprised 152 pregnant teenagers attending the Department of Pediatrics, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo (SCSP) General Hospital. All information was analyzed. The age at first intercourse was 14.2 years and the average period between first intercourse and pregnancy was 1.4 years. Most pregnancies (75%) were neither planned nor wanted, …

The Role Of The Nurse Practitioner In Health Promotion During Pregnancy, Sarah Elizabeth Hendrix

MSN Research Projects

Health promotion is fundamental to nurse practitioner practice. To be effective in health promotion, the nurse practitioner must have a clear understanding of the nature of behavioral change, the individual issues each client brings to a particular behavior, and have expertise in health promotion. The nurse practitioner must possess specific skills to facilitate the client’s movement along the continuum of health behavior change. Health promotion that enhances prenatal care has been described and established by evidence-based research and professional practice guidelines. The purpose of this evidence-based research project was to develop a current nurse practitioner knowledgebase regarding the role of …

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Alters Alpha2 Receptor Expression In Adolescent Rats, Rosemarie M. Booze, David R. Wallace, Janelle M. Silvers, Barbara J. Strupp, Diane M. Snow, Charles F. Mactutus

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Prenatal cocaine exposure produces attentional deficits which to persist through early childhood. Given the role of norepinephrine (NE) in attentional processes, we examined the forebrain NE systems from prenatal cocaine exposed rats. Cocaine was administered during pregnancy via the clinically relevant intravenous route of administration. Specifically, we measured alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) density in adolescent (35-days-old) rats, using [3H]RX821002 (5 nM).

RESULTS: Sex-specific alterations of alpha2-AR were found in the hippocampus and amygdala of the cocaine-exposed animals, as well as an upregulation of alpha2-AR in parietal cortex.

CONCLUSION: These data suggest that prenatal cocaine exposure results in a persistent alteration …

Pregnancy Rate And First-Service Conception Rate In Angus Heifers, J. Minick Bormann, L. R. Totir, Stephen D. Kachman, R. L. Fernando, D. E. Wilson

Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications

The objective of this project was to determine the genetic control of conception rate, or pregnancy percentage in Angus beef heifers. Producers from 6 herds in 5 states provided 3,144 heifer records that included breeding dates, breeding contemporary groups, service sires, and pregnancy check information. Two hundred fourteen sires of the heifers were represented; with 104 sires having less than 5 progeny, and 14 sires having greater than 50 progeny. These data were combined with performance and pedigree information, including actual and adjusted birth weights, weaning weights, and yearling weights, from the American Angus Association database. Heifer pregnancy rate varied …

2006 Beef Report Summaries, James Gosey

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Reports on recent beef research are briefly summarized in this publication. Summaries of the research featured in the 2006 Beef Report appear here. Topics include cow-calf, growing, finishing and beef products.

The Construction Of Pregnant Drug-Using Women As Criminal Perpetrators, Nancy D. Campbell

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Despite clear lack of intent to harm those whom they carry, drug-using pregnant women have been constructed de facto criminal perpetrators. However, drug use falls short of being prima facie evidence of intent to harm, particularly in social circumstances where drug-using economics are endemic. The cases in this article signal the limits of tolerance and the increasingly conditional nature of public welfare provision by raising the specter of a generation of urban mothers - and grandmothers - unable to care for their kids. These cases also reflect the policy-making role into which hospitals and the courts have stepped in the …

Guide To A Successful Pregnancy: A Resource Manual For Pregnant And Parenting Young Women In Las Vegas, Nevada Institute For Children's Research And Policy Reports

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

A Guide to a Successful Pregnancy.

• Are you Pregnant? Taking a pregnancy test
• First steps of Pregnancy: Options of pregnancy, health plans, obtaining medical care such as a doctor
• Months 1, 2, 3: Maintaining a healthy diet, what you should stay away from, exercise, symptoms of danger, and normal symptoms of pregnancy
• Months 4, 5, 6: Following a routine, classes available during pregnancy, normal pregnancy symptoms
• Months 7, 8, 9: Following a routine, normal pregnancy symptoms
• Labor and Delivery: Symptoms of labor, symptoms of danger
• Parenting: Normal symptoms after birth, Routine to follow to return to normal state, Breast feeding …

Investigating The Causes Of Low Birth Weight In Contrasting Ovine Paradigms., J M Wallace, Timothy Regnault, S W Limesand, W W Hay, R V Anthony

Paediatrics Publications

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) still accounts for a large incidence of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Many of the circulatory and transport properties of the sheep placenta are similar to those of the human placenta and as such, the pregnant sheep offers an excellent model in which to study the development of IUGR. Two natural models of ovine IUGR are those of hyperthermic exposure during pregnancy, and adolescent overfeeding, also during pregnancy. Both models yield significantly reduced placental weights and an asymmetrically growth-restricted fetus, and display altered maternal hormone concentrations, indicative of an impaired trophoblast capacity. Additionally, impaired placental angiogenesis …

Voices Raised, Issue 08, University Of Dayton. Women's Center

Women’s Center Newsletter

Included in this issue: Taking Time for Families; Award honors work on behalf of women; Students gear up for Daytona trip; Academic Excellence in Women’s Studies; Miryam Award; Mullin to discuss leadership at Round Table; Leadership House offers women chance to learn and serve; Trying to catch a break; Showcasing God’s Beauty; Can a few caring, committed people create positive change?

Teen Mothers' Perceptions Of Medicalization And The Patient/Provider Relationship, Preston Martin-Lyon

Theses and Dissertations

Within the past twenty years, a great deal of research has addressed pregnancy and childbirth in the United States. Often, however, prior studies have focused on white middle-class women and have neglected the experiences of women of color and low-income women. Teen mothers have also been marginalized in past research. With few exceptions, the limited research that does exist on African American teen mothers is usually framed around the "teen pregnancy crisis" in the U.S; seldom are teens included in studies dealing with the overall issue of medicalization. In an effort to understand the extent to which the medical model …

Lamb Production Of Dorper, Katahdin, And St. Croix Bred In Summer, Winter, Or Spring In The Southeastern United States, J. M. Burke

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Ewe production traits and ability to breed out of season were compared for the Dorper (DO), Katahdin (KA), and St. Croix (SC) breeds between 2000 and 2005. Sheep were managed on grass pasture and were supplemented with corn/soybean meal and free-choice, trace-mineral mix. Ewes were exposed to rams of their respective breeds in late summer (August/September), winter (December), or spring (April/ May) for 30-day breeding periods. Lambs were weighed at birth and 60 days of age. Pregnancy and lambing rates and litter birth weight were greater for all breeds bred in winter and lowest in spring. Pregnancy losses were greater …

Efficacy Of Different Educational Methods For A High School Prenatal Substance Use Prevention And Nutrition Program., Kimberly Renee Webb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge of the effects of prenatal substance use and to introduce the special nutritional needs of pregnancy in two counties in a region with high rates of low birth weight and prenatal substance abuse. A comparison of the efficacy of the educational program being delivered by a registered dietitian or by a group of high school students trained by the dietitian was performed. One hundred six high school students participated in the program and took identical pre- and posttests. The tests were compared to measure knowledge gain and were analyzed by paired …

Is Number Of Pregnancies A Risk Factor For Heart Attack In Women?, Pavan Kumar Irukulla

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Studies regarding number of pregnancies and coronary heart disease have shown inconsistent results. In the present study, we assessed the association between number of pregnancies and heart attack (HA) in women.Methods: Using data from NHANES III a cross sectional data analysis of 10634 women aged 17 and above was conducted. We considered socio-demographic factors and other potential risk factors including physical activity, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, BMI, age, and family history of heart attack. We conducted Bivariate analysis to determine prevalence and crude odds ratios. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding variables using SPSS. …

Blood Lead Levels During Pregnancy And Pregnancy Outcome In Karachi Women, A Rahman, A Hakeem

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

objective: To evaluate association of blood lead levels with pregnancy outcome in the obstetrics and gynaecology unit.
Methods: Blood lead levels were measured in 73 pregnant women at the time of delivery and assessed its association with pregnancyoutcome.
Results: Mean maternal lead level was 9.91+/-4.44 mg/dL (range 2.28-36.35 mg/dL). Mothers of boys had significantly higher (p=0.013, one-tailed t test) blood lead levels (11.05+/-5.19) when compared to mothers of girls (8.74+/-3.18 mg/dL.
Conclusion: Maternal lead levels at the time of delivery showed no association with gestational age, birth weight, recumbent length, or head circumference.

Supplementation To Meet Metabolizable Protein Requirements Of Primiparous Beef Heifers: Ii. Pregnancy And Economics, H. H. Patterson, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, R. T. Clark, B. Teichert

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Metabolizable protein (MP) requirements of spring calving heifers increase over the winter due to advancing gestation. The MP content of grazed winter forage is low, which may result in an MP deficiency. The objective was to compare the response of supplementing pregnant yearling heifers to meet MP requirements versus conventional CP supplementation. In 1997–98 and in 1998–99, pregnant, March-calving heifers (2,120 animals; 358 kg) at two locations of a commercial ranch in the Nebraska Sandhills, were used following breeding through calving as 2-yr-olds (cows). Heifers were randomly allotted to one of two supplementation treatments (about 265 heifers/treatment) each year at …

Supplementation To Meet Metabolizable Protein Requirements Of Primiparous Beef Heifers: I. Performance, Forage Intake, And Nutrient Balance, H. H. Patterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Jacqueline Musgrave

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of supplementing primiparous heifers based on the metabolizable protein (MP) system during pregnancy and lactation. In Exp. 1, 12 pregnant, March-calving heifers (432 ± 10 kg) grazing Sandhills range were randomly allotted to one of two treatments: supplementation based on either the MP system (MPR) or the CP system (CPR). Supplements were fed to individual heifers from October to February and no hay was offered. Grazed forage organic matter intake (FOMI) was measured in November, January, and February. In Exp. 2, 18 heifers (424 ± 8 kg) were randomly allotted to one …

Comparative Study--Efficacy, Safety And Compliance Of Intravenous Iron Sucrose And Intramuscular Iron Sorbitol In Iron Deficiency Anemia Of Pregnancy, A Wali, A Mushtaq, Nilofer

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: (1) To determine an alternative iron supplementation with better efficacy, compliance & safety in treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy, (2) to reduce blood transfusion during pregnancy, labor and puerperium.
Material and Method: A prospective comparative study. A total number of 60 pregnant women with the gestational age of 12 - 34 weeks were included in the study who were suffering from iron deficiency anemia. They were divided in 3 groups (A, B and C). Group A (n15) received intravenous iron sucrose according to recommended dose containing 500 mg of iron sucrose for storage, in group B (n=20) …

Unintended Pregnancies And The Likelihood Of Breast-Feeding: A Global Analysis, Amber Jean Hromi

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Maternal Attachment: The Lived Experience, Regina Ann Leva-Giroux Dnsc

Dissertations

Prenatal maternal attachment and the practice of health promoting behaviors during pregnancy are considered universal phenomena to women. Yet, the understanding of these phenomena from the lived experiences of pregnant women has not been well researched. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the experience of maternal attachment to the unborn child and how that attachment might relate to the practice of these behaviors during pregnancy. The participants in this study were ten English speaking women, college educated, professionally employed, who were pregnant for the first time. Unstructured interviews were conducted with the participants at 14–16 weeks and …