Digital Commons Network^™

Detecting Anomalous Srf Cavity Behavior With Unsupervised Learning, Hal Ferguson, Jiang Li, Adam Carpenter, Chris Tennant, Dillon Thomas, Dennis Turner

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We present an unsupervised learning framework for detecting anomalous superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity behavior at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), emphasizing its initial performance and effectiveness. Key to the system’s success was the development of data acquisition systems (DAQs) that capture fast-sampled, information-rich signals, essential for detecting transient effects. The approach involves creating daily cavity-specific models using principal component analysis to handle variations in rf signal behavior and mitigate performance degradation from data drift. This unsupervised method eliminates the need for expensive labeling by continuously updating models with recent data. Deployed and operational for 3 months before a …

Time-Marching Quantum Algorithm For Simulation Of Nonlinear Lorenz Dynamics, Efstratios Koukoutsis, George Vahala, Min Soe, Kyriakos Hizanidis, Linda Vahala, Abhay K. Ram

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Simulating nonlinear classical dynamics on a quantum computer is an inherently challenging task due to the linear operator formulation of quantum mechanics. In this work, we provide a systematic approach to alleviate this difficulty by developing an explicit quantum algorithm that implements the time evolution of a second-order time-discretized version of the Lorenz model. The Lorenz model is a celebrated system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that has been extensively studied in the contexts of climate science, fluid dynamics, and chaos theory. Our algorithm possesses a recursive structure and requires only a linear number of copies of the initial state …

Controlling And Protecting Quantum Information In Superconducting Oscillators, Aniket Maiti

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Modern quantum experiments allow the precise manipulation and measurement of many-body quantum states, pushing quantum mechanics from a testable theory to a utilizable technology. The central promise of these experiments is to process quantum information for exponential advantages in computing, sensing, and communication. An interesting way to achieve such a processor is to manipulate quantum information stored in the continuous-variable (bosonic) phase space of electromagnetic radiation. Since photons in free space do not interact, such an approach necessarily requires the introduction of nonlinearity through strong light-matter couplings. However, since all matter is lossy, this inevitably introduces a trade-off between the …

Theoretical Study Of Phase-Ordering Kinetics With An Anisotropic Surface Tension, Arjun Anand, Ben Vollmayr-Lee

Honors Theses

Coarsening describes the phase-separation dynamics that follows after a temperature quench from a stable to unstable region of the phase diagram in binary systems. Whereas binary systems with an isotropic surface tension have been thoroughly examined and modeled, the case of an anisotropic surface tension lacks the same degree of analysis and development. In this thesis, we demonstrate the self-consistency of the scaling hypothesis with an anisotropic surface tension in the dilute limit. We begin by assuming weak anisotropy in the surface tension and working only to first order in perturbation theory. Following a similar approach laid out in the …

Scp 231 Dictionary + Example Problems [General Physics 1], Daniel Capic

Open Educational Resources

Student-written definitions of key physics concepts that appear in SCP 231. There are also student-written word problems with links to instructor-created video solutions.

Biosensing Applications Of Thz Rotational Spectroscopy: Sensing And Analysis Of Exogenous And Endogenous Compounds In Exhaled Breath, Daniel J. Tyree

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Exhaled human breath contains a wealth of volatile molecular species which bear an imprint of compounds dissolved in blood. Assessing trace amounts of these species in exhaled breath requires a highly sensitive and selective method. Terahertz (THz) rotational spectroscopy satisfies these needs by detecting numerous and narrow, molecule specific spectral features with feature intensity dependent on the quantity of absorbing molecules, molecular structure, and experimental parameters. Expanding the applicability of THz sensing to biological gases requires systems to measure this spectral data, reliable analysis of the spectra, and demonstration of the utility of biological data extracted from the spectra. To …

Vaim-Cff: A Variational Autoencoder Inverse Mapper Solution To Compton Form Factor Extraction From Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering, Manal Almaeen, Tareq Alghamdi, Brandon Kriesten, Douglas Adams, Yaohang Li, Huey-Wen Lin, Simonetta Liuti

Computer Science Faculty Publications

We develop a new methodology for extracting Compton form factors (CFFs) from deeply virtual exclusive reactions such as the unpolarized DVCS cross section using a specialized inverse problem solver, a variational autoencoder inverse mapper (VAIM). The VAIM-CFF framework not only allows us access to a fitted solution set possibly containing multiple solutions in the extraction of all 8 CFFs from a single cross section measurement, but also accesses the lost information contained in the forward mapping from CFFs to cross section. We investigate various assumptions and their effects on the predicted CFFs such as cross section organization, number of extracted …

Jack Reacher And The Deployment Of An Airbag, Gregory A. Dilisi, Richard A. Rarick

2025 Faculty Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Structural And Physical Properties Of Solid State Materials: Cegage, Cssni3, And Yb2Si2-XGeXAl, Liam J. Scanlon

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

We present studies of three independent solid state materials: CeGaGe, CsSnI₃, and Yb₂Si_2-xGe_xAl.

CeGaGe is a magnetic candidate Weyl semimetal. Magnetic Weyl semimetals have possible technological applications due to their electronically conducting bulk states, magnetic states, and topologically protected surface states. We grew single crystals of CeGaGe using the zone-refinement method and flux-growth method. With single crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction, we found that zone-refined CeGaGe crystallizes with the I4₁md symmetry (space group 109). With single crystal X-ray diffraction, we found that flux-grown samples of CeGaGe have the …

The Origin And Properties Of Ionized Gas In The Inner Milky Way Disk, Dylan J. Linville

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The interstellar medium (ISM) plays a crucial role in the evolution of the Milky Way and other spiral galaxies, but numerous gaps remain in our collective understanding of its properties. The now-complete Green Bank Telescope (GBT) Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey (GDIGS) and the ongoing extension, the GBT Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey at Low Frequencies (GDIGS-Low), offer the opportunity to study the ionized component of the ISM at unmatched sensitivity and resolution. In this dissertation I will utilize GDIGS and GDIGS-Low data to improve our understanding of discrete regions of ionized gas. I first use GDIGS to provide improved measurements of …

Point Cloud-Based Diffusion Models For The Electron-Ion Collider, Jack Y. Araz, Vinicius Mikuni, Felix Ringer, Nobuo Sato, Fernando Torales Acosta, Richard Whitehill

Physics Faculty Publications

At high-energy collider experiments, generative models can be used for a wide range of tasks, including fast detector simulations, unfolding, searches of physics beyond the Standard Model, and inference tasks. In particular, it has been demonstrated that score-based diffusion models can generate high-fidelity and accurate samples of jets or collider events. This work expands on previous generative models in three distinct ways. First, our model is trained to generate entire collider events, including all particle species with complete kinematic information. We quantify how well the model learns event-wide constraints such as the conservation of momentum and discrete quantum numbers. We …

Backgrounds And Efficiencies For Low-Energy Searches, And Improved Calibration Techniques In The Lux-Zeplin Dark Matter Experiment, Gregory M. Blockinger

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

The full understanding of dark matter has eluded physicists for many years. While there is abundant astrophysical evidence across many scales, the exact nature of this matter, which comprises about 25% of the Universe’s energy density, remains unknown. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the leading theoretical candidates, and numerous ex- periments have searched for their interactions. In recent decades, dual-phase Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) have become the leading technology in this search. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is one such xenon-based experiment, operating nearly a mile underground in the Black Hills of South Dakota at the Sanford Underground …

Seasonal Variability Of Surface Ocean Carbon Uptake And Chlorophyll-A Concentration In The West Antarctic Peninsula Over Two Decades, Jessica S. Turner, David R. Munro, Amanda Fay, Sharon Stammerjohn, Heather Kim, Oscar Schofield, Heidi Dierssen

OES Faculty Publications

The Southern Ocean plays a vital role in global CO₂ uptake, but the magnitude and even the sign of the flux remain uncertain, and the influence of phytoplankton phenology is underexplored. This study focuses on the West Antarctic Peninsula, a region experiencing rapid climate change, to examine shifts in seasonal carbon uptake. Using 20 years of in situ air-sea CO₂ flux and satellite-derived Chlorophyll-a, we observe that the seasonal cycles of both air-sea CO₂ flux and Chlorophyll-a intensify poleward. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle of the non-thermal component of surface ocean pCO₂ increases with increasing latitude, while the amplitude …

Computational Modeling In A Calculus-Based Physics Lab: Students’ Problems And Successes In Physics 2060, Abigail Sophia Flowers

Masters Theses

In the past few decades, computational modeling skills have become essential for students who want to pursue careers in physics or engineering. This issue of how to incorporate these skills into students' learning has become an important one because students in these degrees are already required to take several cognates outside of their chosen major. In 2018, Western Michigan University’s physics department decided to take on this issue by reformatting their introductory calculus-based physics labs to include computational modeling within the labs. The labs were first run in the Fall of 2018 and then were improved in spring 2019. When …

Monte Carlo Error Analysis Of Lightning Interferometry With Lofar, Paulina Turekova, Brian Hare, Olaf Scholten, Steven Cummer, Joseph Dwyer, Ningyu Liu, Chris Sterpka, Sander Ter Veen

Faculty Publications

The LOFAR radio telescope works on a principle of radio interferometric imaging. It coherently sums the signal of hundreds of antennas in northern Netherlands, covering the 30-80 MHz window of the very high frequency (VHF) band of 30-300 MHz. We are using the TRI-D algorithm to extract 3-D polarization data of a lightning flash observed by LOFAR. TRI-D functions by coherently summing recorded voltages, accounting for the antenna function, polarization, and geometric time delay for each voxel. The result is split into time slices. A coherent intensity is calculated for each time slice, and the maximum of this value is …

Monte Carlo Error Analysis Of Lightning Interferometry With Lofar, Paulina Turekova, Brian Hare, Olaf Scholten, Steven Cummer, Joseph Dwyer, Ningyu Liu, Chris Sterpka, Sander Ter Veen

Faculty Publications

The LOFAR radio telescope works on a principle of radio interferometric imaging. It coherently sums the signal of hundreds of antennas in northern Netherlands, covering the 30-80 MHz window of the very high frequency (VHF) band of 30-300 MHz. We are using the TRI-D algorithm to extract 3-D polarization data of a lightning flash observed by LOFAR. TRI-D functions by coherently summing recorded voltages, accounting for the antenna function, polarization, and geometric time delay for each voxel. The result is split into time slices. A coherent intensity is calculated for each time slice, and the maximum of this value is …

Temperature Anisotropy Instabilities Driven By Intermittent Velocity Shears In The Solar Wind, Simon Opie, Daniel Verscharen, Christopher H K Chen, Christopher J. Owen, Philip A. Isenberg, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Luca Franci, Lorenzo Matteini

Faculty Publications

Where and under what conditions the transfer of energy between electromagnetic fields and particles takes place in the solar wind remains an open question. We investigate the conditions that promote the growth of kinetic instabilities predicted by linear theory to infer how turbulence and temperature-anisotropy-driven instabilities are interrelated. Using a large dataset from Solar Orbiter, we introduce the radial rate of strain, a novel measure computed from single-spacecraft data, which we interpret as a proxy for the double-adiabatic strain rate. The solar wind exhibits high absolute values of the radial rate of strain at locations with large temperature anisotropy. We …

Temperature Anisotropy Instabilities Driven By Intermittent Velocity Shears In The Solar Wind, Simon Opie, Daniel Verscharen, Christopher H K Chen, Christopher J. Owen, Philip A. Isenberg, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Luca Franci, Lorenzo Matteini

Faculty Publications

Where and under what conditions the transfer of energy between electromagnetic fields and particles takes place in the solar wind remains an open question. We investigate the conditions that promote the growth of kinetic instabilities predicted by linear theory to infer how turbulence and temperature-anisotropy-driven instabilities are interrelated. Using a large dataset from Solar Orbiter, we introduce the radial rate of strain, a novel measure computed from single-spacecraft data, which we interpret as a proxy for the double-adiabatic strain rate. The solar wind exhibits high absolute values of the radial rate of strain at locations with large temperature anisotropy. We …

Properties Of Relativistic Electron Precipitation: A Comparative Analysis Of Wave-Induced And Field Line Curvature Scattering Processes, Luisa Capannolo, Andrew Staff, Wen Li, Katharine Duderstadt, Nithin Sivadas, Joshua Pettit, Sadie Elliot, Murong Qin, Xiao-Chen Shen, Qianli Ma

Faculty Publications

We analyze the properties of relativistic (&gt700 keV) electron precipitation (REP) events measured by the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) POES/MetOp constellation of spacecraft from 2012 through 2023. Leveraging the different profiles of REP observed at LEO, we associate each event with its possible driver: waves or field line curvature scattering (FLCS). While waves typically precipitate electrons in a localized radial region within the outer radiation belt, FLCS drives energy-dependent precipitation at the edge of the belt. Wave-driven REP is detected at any MLT sector and L shell, with FLCS-driven REP occurring only over the nightside–a region where field line stretching is frequent. …

Properties Of Relativistic Electron Precipitation: A Comparative Analysis Of Wave-Induced And Field Line Curvature Scattering Processes, Luisa Capannolo, Andrew Staff, Wen Li, Katharine Duderstadt, Nithin Sivadas, Joshua Pettit, Sadie Elliot, Murong Qin, Xiao-Chen Shen, Qianli Ma

Faculty Publications

We analyze the properties of relativistic (&gt700 keV) electron precipitation (REP) events measured by the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) POES/MetOp constellation of spacecraft from 2012 through 2023. Leveraging the different profiles of REP observed at LEO, we associate each event with its possible driver: waves or field line curvature scattering (FLCS). While waves typically precipitate electrons in a localized radial region within the outer radiation belt, FLCS drives energy-dependent precipitation at the edge of the belt. Wave-driven REP is detected at any MLT sector and L shell, with FLCS-driven REP occurring only over the nightside–a region where field line stretching is frequent. …

Regimes Of Stratified Turbulence At Low Prandtl Number, Kasturi Shah, Gregory P. Chini, Colm-Cille P. Caulfield, Pascale Garaud

Faculty Publications

Quantifying transport by strongly stratified turbulence in low Prandtl number ( $Pr$ ) fluids is critically important for the development of better models for the structure and evolution of stellar and planetary interiors. Motivated by recent numerical simulations showing strongly anisotropic flows suggestive of a scale-separated dynamics, we perform a multiscale asymptotic analysis of the governing equations. We find that, in all cases, the resulting slow–fast systems take a quasilinear form. Our analysis also reveals the existence of several distinct dynamical regimes depending on the emergent buoyancy Reynolds and Péclet numbers, $Re_b = \alpha ^2 Re$ and $Pe_b = Pr …

Regimes Of Stratified Turbulence At Low Prandtl Number, Kasturi Shah, Gregory P. Chini, Colm-Cille P. Caulfield, Pascale Garaud

Faculty Publications

Quantifying transport by strongly stratified turbulence in low Prandtl number ( $Pr$ ) fluids is critically important for the development of better models for the structure and evolution of stellar and planetary interiors. Motivated by recent numerical simulations showing strongly anisotropic flows suggestive of a scale-separated dynamics, we perform a multiscale asymptotic analysis of the governing equations. We find that, in all cases, the resulting slow–fast systems take a quasilinear form. Our analysis also reveals the existence of several distinct dynamical regimes depending on the emergent buoyancy Reynolds and Péclet numbers, $Re_b = \alpha ^2 Re$ and $Pe_b = Pr …

Aspect-Ratio-Dependent Heat Transport By Baroclinic Acoustic Streaming, Jacques Abdul Massih, Remil Mushthaq, Guillaume Michel, Gregory P. Chini

Faculty Publications

Standing acoustic waves have been known to generate Eulerian time-mean ‘streaming’ flows at least since the seminal investigation of Lord Rayleigh in the 1880s. Nevertheless, a recent body of numerical and experimental evidence has shown that inhomogeneities in the ambient density distribution lead to much faster flows than arise in classical Rayleigh streaming. The emergence of these unusually strong flows creates new opportunities to enhance heat transfer in systems in which convective cooling cannot otherwise be easily achieved. To assess this possibility, a theoretical study of acoustic streaming in an ideal gas confined in a rectangular channel with top and …

Aspect-Ratio-Dependent Heat Transport By Baroclinic Acoustic Streaming, Jacques Abdul Massih, Remil Mushthaq, Guillaume Michel, Gregory P. Chini

Faculty Publications

Standing acoustic waves have been known to generate Eulerian time-mean ‘streaming’ flows at least since the seminal investigation of Lord Rayleigh in the 1880s. Nevertheless, a recent body of numerical and experimental evidence has shown that inhomogeneities in the ambient density distribution lead to much faster flows than arise in classical Rayleigh streaming. The emergence of these unusually strong flows creates new opportunities to enhance heat transfer in systems in which convective cooling cannot otherwise be easily achieved. To assess this possibility, a theoretical study of acoustic streaming in an ideal gas confined in a rectangular channel with top and …

Mtse 602 - 101: Thermodynamics Of Materials, Trevor Tyson

Physics Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Opse 301 - 101: Optical Science & Engineering Optics, Brandan Balasingham

Physics Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Phys 122 - All: Electricity And Magnetism, Physics Department

Physics Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Phys 432 - 001: Electromagnetism I, Gareth Perry

Physics Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Questioning Reality: The Progressive Development Of Modern Physics, Joshua Lancman

STEM Month

Humanity has a tendency to divide time. The past is distinct from the present which is entirely separate from the future. In supposedly 20-20 vision history is neatly divided into different sections, distinct eras with sharp lines between them. What is present and in the future is always modern. What is past is something else with another name.

Yet time is not divided so neatly. We know this living through it: years and decades blend into one another in a non-uniform progression. To divide human history into separate eras is a necessary simplification, as it helps to ascribe order onto …

Maximizing Legged Accelerations: A Matter Of Force, Time, And Gravity, Lance Brooks

Applied Physiology and Wellness Theses and Dissertations

Sprint running accelerations require runners to apply surface forces that: support body weight by pushing downward, accelerate the body horizontally by pushing backward, and align the direction of the push with the body’s mass center to maintain balance and posture, which imposes an upper limit on the average forward acceleration force equal to the average gravitational force (1.0 G) acting on the runner. This expectation arises from the mechanical constraints imposed by the need to generate sufficient vertical force to support body weight against gravity while simultaneously producing horizontal force to accelerate forward and aligning the push through the center …