Digital Commons Network^™

‘Long Social Distancing’ Reduces Potential Output Of U.S. Economy, Jose Maria Barrero

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.

Long Social Distancing, Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Many working-age Americans say they will continue some forms of social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends. We uncover this long social distancing phenomenon in our monthly Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. It is stronger among older persons, the less educated, and those who live with or care for persons at high risk from infectious diseases. Regression models fit to individual-level data suggest that social distancing lowered labor force participation by 2.4 percentage points in 2022, 1.2 points on an earnings-weighted basis. Daily interactions with at-risk persons and long COVID experiences lead to larger drags on participation. When combined …

Discussing The Injustice Of The Covid-19 Vaccine Pass Imposed On Medical Consultation In Public Hospitals In Hong Kong, Fung Kei Cheng

Journal of Health Ethics

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated public health, economy and social life all over the world, especially wherever a vaccine pass scheme has been implemented. Many countries have begun to relax schedules to return to normal activities. In contrast, Hong Kong continues to tighten the utilisation of a vaccine pass for medical services in order to boost vaccination rates. Such a practice not only significantly challenges ethical and operative concerns but also threatens health equity and social justice for healthcare decision-makers and practitioners, consequently hurting public health and community well-being. This discussion analyses the various arguments, reviews vaccine hesitancy and suggests …

Sunshine Laws Behind The Clouds: Limited Transparency In A Time Of National Emergency, Ira P. Robbins

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically changed the way citizens lived their lives, businesses operated, and governments functioned. With most people forced to stay home, the pandemic also disrupted how people received their news and other essential information. Public records and public meetings had to adapt to face the growing challenges in a locked-down world. While some governmental bodies were able to keep up with the threat that COVID-19 posed against transparency, others either failed to acclimate to the new normal or actively took advantage of the circumstances to limit how much the public knew not only about the crisis, but about …

Health Care System In Lebanon: A Review Addressing Health Inequalities And Ethical Dilemmas Of Frontline Workers During Covid-19 Pandemic, Georges Hatem, Mathijs Goossens

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Lebanon is facing many problems that can cause several long-term threats to the overall public health such as an increasing poverty rate, and an economic crisis induced by the devaluation of the Lebanese currency. The healthcare system is affected in terms of quality and availability of services in addition due to the pandemic, a lot of public health campaigns were paused. Consequently, Lebanon is losing its frontline healthcare workers coupled with the fact that the government budget for healthcare has dwindled. This report addresses the evolution of some health indicators in Lebanon throughout the years and presents the rights and …

Fake News And The Covid-19 Pandemic, Susan Drucker, Russell Chun, Mario A. Murillo

Proceedings of the New York State Communication Association

As the world continues to tackle the raging COVID-19 pandemic, this panel explores critical issues in fake news, its implications, and evolving approaches to combat it with media literacy. Panelists will discuss themes developed dealing with international approaches to fake news explored in the newly published edited volume, Fake News: Real Issues in Modern Communication. The session will focus on the impact of misinformation and disinformation in a time of public health crises.

Parent And Child Anxiety Evaluated During An Early Period Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study, Karla M. Abela, Darlene Acorda, Stanley Cron, Geri Lobiondo-Wood

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore parent and child anxiety during the pandemic. Unlike previous pandemics, measures implemented to prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been much more limiting.

Methods: An explanatory convergent mixed-methods design was used to describe anxiety of children 9–17 years of age and their parents during August–October 2020. Adult and child versions of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to examine levels as measured on STAI’s state-anxiety subscale. Web-based interviews with a subset of patients were conducted qualitatively to analyze anxiety-related themes.

Results: A total of 188 parents …

Newsletter, Fall 2022

Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Poly Under Pandemic: A Pilot Survey Examining Cal Poly Slo’S Student Body During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Brett Vollrath

Journalism

The following is a survey of Cal Poly SLO students and alumni who had attended the university while major pandemic restrictions were in place. The paper is based around a pilot survey and data set.

The introduction provides background on the problem and how this survey was prepared.

The literature review details research conducted during the pandemic, which was used to guide the survey's focus questions.

The survey section details the questions asked of respondents. Respondents were first asked demographic questions to establish reference points. They were then asked questions on different aspects of student life, such as mental health, …

Pivoting The Biosafety Program In Response To Covid-19: Recommendations Of Key Services And Tasks To Consider For The Next Pandemic, Robert J Emery, Scott J Patlovich, Kristin G King, Janelle Rios

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a rapid adjustment of work tasks was necessary for many biosafety programs (and other safety programs) to address drastic shifts in workload demands amid pandemic-related shutdowns and subsequent needs for supporting COVID-19-related safe work protocols, diagnostic testing, research, vaccine development, and so forth. From a program management standpoint, evaluating and understanding these tasks were critically important to ensure that appropriate support and resources were in place, especially during such unprecedented times of rapid change and significant impact to normal life and routine.

METHODS: Described here are examples of how the biosafety program …

Virtual Global Health In Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review, Lisa Umphrey, Nora Lenhard, Suet Kam Lam, Nathaniel E Hayward, Shaina Hecht, Priya Agrawal, Amy Chambliss, Jessica Evert, Heather Haq, Stephanie M Lauden, George Paasi, Mary Schleicher, Megan Song Mchenry

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize recent virtual global health education activities for graduate medical trainees, document gaps in the literature, suggest future study, and inform best practice recommendations for global health educators.

METHODS: We systematically reviewed articles published on virtual global health education activities from 2012-2021 by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. We performed bibliography review and search of conference and organization websites. We included articles about primarily virtual activities targeting for health professional trainees. We collected and qualitatively analyzed descriptive data about activity type, evaluation, audience, and drivers or barriers. …

Increased Anxiety From Fear Of Omicron In China As Compared To North America And Western Europe: A Cross-Sectional Kendall's Tau-B Analysis Using The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Questionnaire, Dan Shan, Chang Liu, Shaoyang Li, Yuandian Zheng

Student Publications

Background: Policies dealing with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic vary across the globe, the different governmental responses then affect the public perception of COVID-19. Many unofficial Chinese media outlets frequently spread misinformation about COVID-19 and exaggerated reports of rare sequelae of Omicron for monetization and attention seeking, leading to panics in the Chinese public. In comparison the attitudes toward Omicron in other countries around the world, especially in North America and Western Europe have shifted to a more relaxed stance.

Objective: This article primarily aims to investigate the association between Chinese people’s attitudes toward the potential after-effects of Omicron …

Russia's Utilization Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Lockdowns, Re-Sovereignization, And Disengagement From The West, Alexandra Orlova

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

This article discusses the challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic poses to the current concepts of globalization, universality of human rights, and the rules-based international order. This article discusses how Russia has used the COVID-19 pandemic to accelerate its move away from Western ideas and institutions so as to solidify the power of its executive branch. In particular, this article examines the Russian Constitutional Court in its dealings with both the 2020 Russian constitutional amendments and the government's lockdown measures. This article concludes that the Russian Constitutional Court which is supposed to serve as a key guarantor of fundamental rights of …

The Case For A Global Excess Profits Tax: A Response To Dr. Tarcísio Diniz Magalhães & Professor Allison Christians, Paige Powers

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

In striving to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments across the globe acted quickly to implement various "stayat- home" orders and bans on all "non-essential activities." While these actions were likely effective in slowing the spread of the virus, the economic impacts were felt almost immediately. The US deficit rose to $3.1 trillion following massive spending to aid individuals and small businesses. Internationally, governments have been increasing their debt loads to combat both the health and financial impacts of the pandemic. Indeed, by the end of 2020, the international debt load increased to a record-breaking $281 trillion. Almost …

New Antiretroviral Drugs In The Pandemic, Thana Khawcharoenporn

Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

The pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has impacted the care of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV prevention in several ways. Locking down and limiting transportation to slow down COVID-19 transmission can cause difficulty accessing and non-compliance to daily-dosing antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). The new formu-lations of ARVs, including long-acting ones administered as injections and implants are being approved and developed for HIV treatment and prevention. Intramuscular cabotegravir and rilpivirine co-formulation is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for HIV treatment in virologically suppressed adults on a stable regimen, while intramuscular cabotegravir is approved for HIV …

Indonesian Capital Market Reaction To Jakarta’S Large Scale Social Restrictions, Nur Wahyu Catur Wicaksono, Y. Anni Aryani, Doddy Setiawan

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

This study aims to analyze the Indonesian capital market reaction to the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy in Jakarta in 2020. The findings from this study can be used as a policy evaluation and as a reference to assess similar future policies to be implemented in Jakarta. Four event periods were used based on the number of times this policy was implemented in 2020. Using the event study approach and single index model method, this study used 568 companies listed on the IDX which are then divided into nine sectors. The results of this study showed that the Indonesian capital …

Patents And The Pandemic: Intellectual Property, Social Contracts, And Access To Vaccines, Peter Lee

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

Through enormous public support and private initiative, biopharmaceutical firms developed safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines in record time. These remarkable vaccines represent humanity’s best chance to end the devastating pandemic. However, difficult questions about ownership and access have arisen alongside the development and deployment of these vaccines. Biopharmaceutical companies have patented many of the technologies underlying these vaccines, thus seeming to pit intellectual property rights against the objective of wide and rapid dissemination of these critical resources. While prevailing debates have been framed in the language of intellectual property, this Article suggests that contract principles can help break the impasse …

Confirming Multiplex Rt-Qpcr Use In Covid-19 With Next-Generation Sequencing: Strategies For Epidemiological Advantage, Rob E. Carpenter, Vaibhav Tamrakar, Harendra Chahar, Tyler Vine, Rahul Sharma

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rapid identification and tracking of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are critical for understanding the transmission dynamics and developing strategies for interrupting the transmission chain. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is an exceptional tool for whole-genome analysis and deciphering new mutations. The technique has been instrumental in identifying the variants of concern (VOC) and tracking this pandemic. However, NGS is complex and expensive for large-scale adoption, and epidemiological monitoring with NGS alone could be unattainable in limited-resource settings. In this study, we explored the application of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based detection of the variant identified by NGS. We analyzed a total …

Inaction As A State Response To The Coronavirus Outbreak: Unconstitutionality By Omission, Antonios Kouroutakis

Seattle University Law Review Online

The World Health Organization on March 11 declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. While the pandemic was spreading across the globe, governments were under pressure to respond. Still, some countries during the first wave of the pandemic, in their first reaction, did not put in place any emergency regulations. Such reaction, which was a policy option, was an intended omission as lawmakers and policy makers decided not to take action and such emergency omission was a novelty and a paradox in emergency situations. Moreover, I argue that during emergencies governments have a distinct duty to act, and I offer …

Occupational Therapists’ Perspectives During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily N. Maas, Allison Sullivan, Said Nafai, James Plummer

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic. Hospitals, nursing homes, and communities worldwide were flooded with patients diagnosed with COVID-19, resulting in the increased need for medical care and treatment by health care professionals, such as occupational therapists. This study analyzes output from a quantitative online survey design, which was created on SurveyMonkey and included 43 questions. Data from the survey were collected, categorized, and measured through the SurveyMonkey computer system and included information gathered from 204 occupational therapists from October 2020 to February 2020. Based …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Global Risk Landscape In The Era Of Smart World, Sylwia Bąk, Piotr Jedynak

European Management Studies

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trend of changes in the landscape of global risks together with the implications of these changes for management in the SMART WORLD era. Design/methodology/approach: The research process was based on the triangulation of research methods. The main research method used was the analysis of the World Economic Forum’s “The Global Risks Reports” for the years 2018–2021. The other method used in the research were a comparative analysis and selected quantitative tools. Findings: The conducted empirical research allowed the authors: 1) to show the …

Changes To Material Adverse Effect Clauses Following Major Events: Evidence From Covid-19, Vincent Scala

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

In November 2019, LVMH Moët Hennessey Louis Vuitton, the world’s leading luxury goods company, announced plans to acquire Tiffany & Company, the prominent American jeweler. The transaction was reported to be worth more than $16 billion, which would have been the largest deal ever in the luxury goods industry. Following the announcement, LVMH’s chief executive officer stated that Tiffany would “thrive for centuries to come.” Nearly ten months later, the acquisition was in shambles as the parties squared off in a legal battle in the Delaware Court of Chancery. The companies were driven to litigation over anxieties about the …

Categorically Caged: The Case For Extending Early Release Eligibility To Inmates With Violent Offense Convictions, Jenna M. Codignotto

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

Susan Farrell faced both physical and sexual abuse from her husband before he was killed in 1989. Although Ms. Farrell maintained her innocence and urged that it was her son who killed her husband, she was convicted of first-degree murder and conspiracy charges, resulting in a life sentence without parole. After serving thirty years of her sentence at the Michigan Department of Corrections, Ms. Farrell’s tragic life met a no less tragic end. In April 2020, one month after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, Ms. Farrell seized in her cell for forty-five minutes before dying from the virus. She …

The Experiences Of Older Formerly Incarcerated Adults In A Specialized Reentry Program During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Robin O'Hanlon, Jessica Broome

Publications and Research

A growing area of concern among prison reform advocates and human rights activists is the “greying prison population” or the continuous, unified growth in the number of older incarcerated individuals. Older individuals experience an accelerated aging process while incarcerated, but are less likely to reoffend upon release. While the aging prison population has in recent years become a focus of criminological and gerontological scholars, the lived experience of older formerly incarcerated individuals during the reentry process remains understudied. Using a qualitative approach, this cohort study seeks to further elucidate the unique needs, beliefs, and perceptions of this population within the …

Conscious And Unconscious Bias: The Hidden Pandemic Of Biases In Healthcare Exacerbated By Covid-19, Ibtisam Rauf, Abigail Hartmann, Alexandre Koumtchev, Syed Anjum Khan, Rahul Kashyap

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

There are limited data on unconscious bias in healthcare, but there is consistent evidence that it alters clinical decision-making. COVID-19 exacerbated many pre-existing disparities, and this paper seeks to identify, deconstruct, and propose mitigation strategies for a few of them.

Discussion

Five of the largest disparities amplified by the pandemic are discussed in this paper. Older people, Black people, uninsured people, rural communities, and people with lower education levels have been disproportionally affected in both morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions

The disparities discussed above did not occur in a vacuum but are the result of systemic issues. Equity starts with …

The Pandemic And Privacy: The Global Culture Of Intrusion, Jon L. Mills, Lucca Viana, Danielle Black

Legislation and Policy Brief

No abstract provided.

A Principal-Agent Approach To Locating The Politically Decisive Coalitions On Health In Countries Worldwide, Pre-Covid 19 Pandemic: Who Is Primarily Accountable For The Financing And Delivery Of Health Care, And Who Do They Answer To?, Kiernan Fischer, Kevin Johnston, Tristan Lanze, James Santimaw

Working Papers Series

We examined decision making in health using the Decision Space approach, which is rooted in the principal-agent theory. Countries analyzed were Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Finland, Guatemala, Hungary, Israel, Nigeria, Spain, Thailand, and Turkey. Researchers sought to analyze who was the de facto decision maker of health related decisions in each state. We have accomplished this through looking at government structures and the financing of health, which gave significant insight into who the primary authority on health is. Furthermore, we examined who holds this de facto decision maker accountable. In some cases it was the executive that did …

Assessing The Established Competency Categories Of The Biosafety, Infection Prevention, And Public Health Professions: A Guide For Addressing Needed Professional Development Training For The Current And Next Pandemic, Robert J Emery, Scott J Patlovich, Kristin G King, John M Lowe, Janelle Rios

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A recent series of widespread infectious disease outbreaks has highlighted commonalities and differences between three key professions that operate on the front lines of response in support of research and/or direct healthcare providers: biosafety, infection prevention, and public health. This assessment, which builds upon previous study by the authors, examines the stated professional competency categories for these three areas, highlighting similarities and differences. This assessment is important as these professions are being drawn together in an operational environment driven by the current pandemic and inevitably future disease outbreaks. Cross-training opportunities for the various professions are proposed.

Parens Patriae, Punishment, And Pandemics: The State’S Responsibility For Incarcerated Persons During A Public Health Emergency, Meredith Harrell

Journal of Law and Health

This article looks at the nation’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic since March 2020 and explores the commonalities and differences of states’ actions to protect their citizens, especially the most vulnerable populations. The article discusses the government’s obligations to jailees and prisoners during the COVID-19 pandemic and how incarcerated persons have been consistently failed by the institutions that are required to protect them. The article examines possible remedies for these governmental and institutional failings under the Eighth Amendment and § 1983 civil rights claims. Ultimately the article proposes that monetary damages would provide relief to incarcerated individuals and their families …

Law School News: Dr. Fauci Calls On Rwu Graduates To Preserve 'Truth Justice, Diversity And Equality' 05/20/2022, Jill Rodrigues, Roger Williams University School Of Law

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.