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Photochemistry, Mixing And Diurnal Cycles In The Upper Ocean, Scott C. Doney, Raymond G. Najjar, Scott Stewart Jan 1995

Photochemistry, Mixing And Diurnal Cycles In The Upper Ocean, Scott C. Doney, Raymond G. Najjar, Scott Stewart

Journal of Marine Research

The interplay between ocean photochemistry and surface boundary-layer physics is explored in a range of analytical and numerical process models. For simple systems, key attributes of the photochemical distribution—diurnal cycle, surface concentration, and the bulk concentration difference across the “mixed layer”—can be expressed in terms of a small number of physical (vertical diffusivity) and photochemical (turnover timescale and production depth scale) scaling factors. A coupled, 1-D photochemical/physical model is used to examine the more general case with finite mixing rates, variable photochemical production and evolving boundary layer depth. Finite boundary layer mixing rates act to increase both the diurnal cycle …

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Chemical Tracers Of Biological Processes In Shallow Waters Of North Pacific: Preformed Nitrate Distributions, Steven Emerson, Thomas L. Hayward Jan 1995

Chemical Tracers Of Biological Processes In Shallow Waters Of North Pacific: Preformed Nitrate Distributions, Steven Emerson, Thomas L. Hayward

Journal of Marine Research

Distributions of nitrate and Apparent Oxygen Utilization in the upper subtropical North Pacific Ocean reveal a layer with negative values of preformed nitrate. This layer occurs at depths just below the 1% light level and above the density of sigma theta 25.6. We show that large-scale spatial patterns in the distribution of this feature are determined by an interaction between light penetration and the depth of isopycnal surfaces which are ventilated in nutrient rich surface waters. Although the data alone are insufficient to distinguish between several possible causes, we believe the geographic and depth distributions of the negative preformed nitrate …

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The Mean Circulation Of The Atlantic Ocean North Of 30s Determined With The Adjoint Method Applied To An Ocean General Circulation Model, Andreas Schiller Jan 1995

The Mean Circulation Of The Atlantic Ocean North Of 30s Determined With The Adjoint Method Applied To An Ocean General Circulation Model, Andreas Schiller

Journal of Marine Research

The large-scale mean circulation of the Atlantic Ocean is examined using a general circulation model (GCM) and its approximate adjoint. A cost function is specified that requires the model inputs to be consistent with hydrographic observations and observed air-sea fluxes of heat and freshwater, whereas the velocity field has to adjust to the modified thermohaline initial and boundary conditions. The optimized, quasi-steady model state is closer to the observed circulation state than previous prognostic steady-state models of comparable resolution. However, it is only partially consistent with the error estimates derived from the observations. In the western boundary region large deviations …

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Dynamics Of Circulation Of The Japan Sea, Greg Holloway, Tessa Sou, Michael Eby Jan 1995

Dynamics Of Circulation Of The Japan Sea, Greg Holloway, Tessa Sou, Michael Eby

Journal of Marine Research

Including mean flow forcing due to eddy-topography interaction in a numerical model of the Japan Sea appears to improve defects identified in previous modelling studies. Characteristic western boundary current overshoot (by the East Korea Warm Current) is reduced or eliminated while a southward undercurrent brings colder, fresher water along the Korean coast. Cyclonic circulation in the north includes a strengthened Liman Current. A more nearly continuous Nearshore Branch follows the Honshu shelf break with northward-flowing undercurrent. Interannual variability persists under fixed (seasonally repeating or annual mean) external forcing.

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Multiple Solutions And Advection-Dominated Flows In The Wind-Driven Circulation. Part I: Slip, Glenn R. Ierley, Vitalii A. Sheremet Jan 1995

Multiple Solutions And Advection-Dominated Flows In The Wind-Driven Circulation. Part I: Slip, Glenn R. Ierley, Vitalii A. Sheremet

Journal of Marine Research

We consider steady solutions of the barotropic quasigeostrophic vorticity equation for a single subtropical gyre with dissipation in the form of lateral friction. Solutions are governed by two parameters: inertial boundary-layer width; and viscous boundary-layer width. Numerical computations for slip conditions indicate a wedge-shaped region in this two-dimensional parameter space, where three solutions coexist. One of these is a viscous solution with weak recirculation; one a solution of intermediate recirculation; and one a strongly nonlinear recirculation gyre. Parametric scalings based on elementary solutions are numerically corroborated as the first and third of these solutions are continued away from the vicinity …

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Carbon Cycling In Mesohaline Chesapeake Bay Sediments 1: Poc Deposition Rates And Mineralization Pathways, Eric E. Roden, Jon H. Tuttle, Walter R. Boynton, W. Michael Kemp Jan 1995

Carbon Cycling In Mesohaline Chesapeake Bay Sediments 1: Poc Deposition Rates And Mineralization Pathways, Eric E. Roden, Jon H. Tuttle, Walter R. Boynton, W. Michael Kemp

Journal of Marine Research

Organic carbon cycling in sediments at two locations in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay was analyzed using available data on sediment sulfate reduction, sediment oxygen consumption, and particulate organic carbon (POC) deposition and burial. Estimates of POC deposition based on the sum of integrated sediment metabolism and POC burial compared well with direct estimates derived from chlorophyll-a collection rates in mid-water column sediment traps. The range of POC deposition estimates (15–31 mol C m−2 yr−1) accounted for a large fraction (36–74%) of average annual net primary production in the mesohaline Bay. The difference between rates of POC …

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Structure Of An Inertial Deep Western Boundary Current, Robert S. Pickart, Rui Xin Huang Jan 1995

Structure Of An Inertial Deep Western Boundary Current, Robert S. Pickart, Rui Xin Huang

Journal of Marine Research

An inertial model of the deep western boundary current (DWBC) is presented where the cross-stream distribution of potential vorticity varies in a realistic fashion. The case of uniform potential vorticity, which has been solved earlier, is included for comparison. The potential vorticity distribution used in the model is obtained from a hydrographic density section across the North Atlantic DWBC. The model solutions using this distribution differ significantly from the uniform potential vorticity case. Most notably the current is wider and weaker with substantially reduced relative vorticity, more indicative of observed DWBCs. The addition of an exponential continental slope leads to …

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Simultaneous Nitrate And Oxygen Respiration In Coastal Sediments: Evidence For Discrete Diagenesis, Jay A. Brandes, Allan H. Devol Jan 1995

Simultaneous Nitrate And Oxygen Respiration In Coastal Sediments: Evidence For Discrete Diagenesis, Jay A. Brandes, Allan H. Devol

Journal of Marine Research

Oxygen and nitrate porewater profiles from sediments of Puget Sound, the Washington continental margin, and the Chukchi Sea were determined using a whole core squeezing apparatus. The two oxidants were observed to have equal sediment penetration depths and similar profile shapes in nearly all cores. Oxygen and nitrate, therefore, behaved in a similar manner in these shallow sediments: an observation that is not consistent with existing models of sediment diagenesis. A two-dimensional model was constructed in which nearly all oxidant (O2 and NO3−)consumption took place in scattered, highly reactive discrete micro-sites. The model produced a sedimentary …

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Shelf Harpacticoid Copepods Do Not Escape Into The Seabed During Winter Storms, David Thistle, Georges L. Weatherly, Stephen C. Ertman Jan 1995

Shelf Harpacticoid Copepods Do Not Escape Into The Seabed During Winter Storms, David Thistle, Georges L. Weatherly, Stephen C. Ertman

Journal of Marine Research

Winter storms on temperate shelves frequently rework bottom sediments. When the sediment is put in motion, sediment-dwelling harpacticoid copepods risk being suspended. We tested for evidence that adult harpacticoids move below the layer of reworked sediment to avoid suspension. To do so, we determined the rate at which a moderate storm at a site at 18 m depth in the northern Gulf of Mexico (29° 40.63′N, 84° 22.80′W) exposed subsurface sediment during bed-form development and then subjected intact cores from that site to a similar rate of exposure in a laboratory flume. We found no significant difference in vertical position …

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Potential Flow Artifacts Associated With Benthic Experimental Gear: Deep-Sea Mudbox Examples, Paul V. R. Snelgrove, Cheryl Ann Butman, J. Frederick Grassle Jan 1995

Potential Flow Artifacts Associated With Benthic Experimental Gear: Deep-Sea Mudbox Examples, Paul V. R. Snelgrove, Cheryl Ann Butman, J. Frederick Grassle

Journal of Marine Research

In response to the growing recognition of the potential effects of near-bed hydrodynamics on various benthic processes, flume studies were conducted to document fine-scale flow patterns over several types of mudboxes that have been used to study colonization by deep-sea organisms. Mudboxes are typically filled with natural sediments or sediment treatments and placed in the field to observe how timing, larval supply and sediment composition may affect larval settlement. This study addresses potential hydrodynamic biases of mudbox structures as obstructions to the near-bed flow. Detailed velocity profiles were made over two types of “free vehicle” mudboxes that could be deployed …

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Descent Of Dense Water Masses Along Continental Slopes, Scott A. Condie Jan 1995

Descent Of Dense Water Masses Along Continental Slopes, Scott A. Condie

Journal of Marine Research

The formation of dense water over the continental shelf and its descent along the continental slope have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Models have been developed for slope fronts and dense filaments, with emphasis on the role of the bottom boundary layer. An analytical, two-layer, two-dimensional model is first presented for the development of dense slope fronts near the shelf-break. The effects of vertical viscosity are explored and two behavioral regimes identified. The most relevant regime is determined by the parameter F = (UQ/gεs)(f3/v)1/2 where UQ is the flux …

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The Growth Of Convective Plumes At Seafloor Hot Springs, Kevin G. Speer, John Marshall Jan 1995

The Growth Of Convective Plumes At Seafloor Hot Springs, Kevin G. Speer, John Marshall

Journal of Marine Research

The growth of buoyant plumes in the presence of stratification (N) and rotation (f) is studied and illustrated with a number of numerical experiments of convection induced by a localized source of buoyancy at the lower boundary of a linearly stratified fluid. The presence of stratification constrains the convection in the vertical giving rise to an equilibrium-spreading layer which receives the rising mass of plume fluid; the plume can be divided into an upper, mass-source driven anticyclone and a lower, buoyancy-source (F) driven cyclone. With N/f large, the plume's rise-height is set by the …

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An Estimate Of The Climatological Mean Circulation In The Western North Atlantic, Wei Wang, M. Susan Lozier Jan 1995

An Estimate Of The Climatological Mean Circulation In The Western North Atlantic, Wei Wang, M. Susan Lozier

Journal of Marine Research

In order to produce a long-term mean circulation pattern for the western North Atlantic, geostrophic velocities have been calculated using a recently-assembled hydrographic database comprised of NODC station data from 1904–1990. The property fields generated from this database are smoothed on isopycnal surfaces and have a nominal resolution of one degree for the spatial domain of this study (34–42N, 48–66W). To reference the geostrophic velocities, SOFAR float data over the period 1972–1990 are used. The flow fields from this calculation are compared to fields produced using an assumed level of no motion. The calculations employing float data yield a flow …

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A Simple Model Of The ‘Joint Effect Of Baroclinicity And Relief’ On Ocean Circulation, Rick Salmon, Rupert Ford Jan 1995

A Simple Model Of The ‘Joint Effect Of Baroclinicity And Relief’ On Ocean Circulation, Rick Salmon, Rupert Ford

Journal of Marine Research

We offer a simple model for studying the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief (jebar) on large-scale ocean circulation, based upon the planetary geostrophic equations. Applying a Galerkin approximation to the buoyancy equation, and asssuming that the temperature diffusion and vertical stratification are weak, we obtain a simple relation between the ocean temperature and the streamfunction ψ for the vertically-averaged horizontal transport. Substituting this relation back into the vertically-averaged vorticity equation yields a single, generally nonlinear equation for ψ, in which jebar corresponds to a clockwise ‘advection’ of ψ along the continental slope (for the realistic case of temperature increasing …

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Relative Angular Momentum Balances Of Quasi-Geostrophic Circulation Models, Patrick F. Cummins Jan 1995

Relative Angular Momentum Balances Of Quasi-Geostrophic Circulation Models, Patrick F. Cummins

Journal of Marine Research

Calculations of the local vertical component of relative angular momentum are considered for quasi-geostrophic circulation models. The angular momentum diagnostic measures the net horizontal spin of the flow within an ocean basin and complements traditional budgets of energy, vorticity and linear momentum. In particular, the diagnostic can help identify the role of bottom topographic stresses in driving ocean circulation. Calculations of torque balances are presented for several numerical experiments with single-layer and multi-layer models. Experiments with an idealized continental slope topography develop a cyclonic circulation in the abyssal layer which is driven by a significant topographic form torque.

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On The Organic Carbon Maximum On The Continental Slope Of The Eastern Arabian Sea, S. E. Calvert, T. F. Pedersen, P. D. Naidu, U. Von Stackelberg Jan 1995

On The Organic Carbon Maximum On The Continental Slope Of The Eastern Arabian Sea, S. E. Calvert, T. F. Pedersen, P. D. Naidu, U. Von Stackelberg

Journal of Marine Research

The sedimentary organic carbon maximum on the continental slope off western India is widely believed to be due to the preferential preservation of deposited organic matter at water depths where the intense oxygen minimum intersects the sea floor. This region is considered to constitute one of the modern analogues for the environment of formation of organic-rich sedimentary facies that are common in the geological record. We critically examine the hypothesis that the oxygen minimum in the eastern Arabian Sea is the site of enhanced organic matter accumulation and preservation using analyses of suites of samples with wide geographical coverage along …

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Lateral Entrainment In Baroclinic Currents Ii, Melvin E. Stern, Jean-Raymond Bidlot Jan 1995

Lateral Entrainment In Baroclinic Currents Ii, Melvin E. Stern, Jean-Raymond Bidlot

Journal of Marine Research

The strong mesoscale velocity fluctuations (“eddies”) observed in the deep Gulf Stream region may be dynamically necessary to incorporate the Recirculation Gyres which account for the downstream increase in transport. The eddy-current interaction leading to entrainment is studied in a two layer quasi-geostrophic model with piecewise uniform potential vorticity. It is shown that the volume entrained by a bottom eddy of strength Γ*2 initially located near the edge of a bottom current depends mainly on the lateral shear s2 of this current, rather than on the much stronger shear of the upper layer. It is suggested that the …

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Formation And Discharge Of Deep And Bottom Water In The Northwestern Weddell Sea, Eberhard Fahrbach, Gerd Rohardt, Norbert Scheele, Michael Schröder, Volker Strass, Andreas Wisotzki Jan 1995

Formation And Discharge Of Deep And Bottom Water In The Northwestern Weddell Sea, Eberhard Fahrbach, Gerd Rohardt, Norbert Scheele, Michael Schröder, Volker Strass, Andreas Wisotzki

Journal of Marine Research

Deep and bottom water formation in the Weddell Sea is the major source of the bottom water of the world ocean. Measurements made in the northwestern Weddell Sea between 1989 and 1993 during the ‘Weddell Gyre Study’ indicate that the outflow of young bottom water with the western boundary current of the Weddell Gyre is dominated by a rather fresh water mass which obtains its thermohaline characteristics by mixing of deep water with a flow from the shelf in front of the Larsen Ice Shelf. The more saline source water mass, which is necessary to maintain the thermohaline properties of …

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Parameter Optimization And Analysis Of Ecosystem Models Using Simulated Annealing: A Case Study At Station P, Richard J. Matear Jan 1995

Parameter Optimization And Analysis Of Ecosystem Models Using Simulated Annealing: A Case Study At Station P, Richard J. Matear

Journal of Marine Research

A simulated annealing optimization algorithm is formulated to optimize parameters of ecosystem models. The optimization is used to directly determine the model parameters required to reproduce the observed data. The optimization routine is formulated in a general manner and is easily modified to include additional information on both the desired model output and the model parameters. From the optimization routine, error analysis of the optimal parameters is provided by the error-covariance matrix which gives both the sensitivity of the model to each model parameter and the correlation coefficients between all pairs of model parameters. In addition, the optimization analysis provides …

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Active And Passive Processes Associated With Initial Settlement And Post-Settlement Dispersal Of Suspended Meiobenthic Copepods, J. W. Fleeger, P. O. Yund, B. Sun Jan 1995

Active And Passive Processes Associated With Initial Settlement And Post-Settlement Dispersal Of Suspended Meiobenthic Copepods, J. W. Fleeger, P. O. Yund, B. Sun

Journal of Marine Research

Settlement by suspended meiofaunal copepods into shallow depressions was investigated in a large, recirculating laboratory flume. Initial settlement was examined under various near-bottom flow regimes, and the interaction of flow with post-settlement behavior was investigated. Cylindrical depressions of constant depth were constructed with a range of aspect ratios (diameter and depth combinations) to mimic natural microtopographic features. Copepods were released into the flume (at nominal flows of 2, 5 and 7 cm sec−1), and settlement/ distribution in the mimic pits was observed. Four experiments were conducted using a total of five species. The first tested for copepod substrate …

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A Transatlantic Section At 14.5n: Meridional Volume And Heat Fluxes, Birgit Klein, Robert L. Molinari, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler Jan 1995

A Transatlantic Section At 14.5n: Meridional Volume And Heat Fluxes, Birgit Klein, Robert L. Molinari, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler

Journal of Marine Research

Two high-resolution hydrographic sections occupied during February, March 1989 in the western and eastern basins of the North Atlantic at 14.5N are combined to study the water mass structure and meridional mass and heat transports. Absolute velocities were determined using these data and an earlier section at 8N in a linear inverse analysis. Mass balance for several layers representing the main water masses in the region and a zero net divergence for the sum of geostrophic and Ekman transport between the two sections are assumed. Using the annual mean of Ekman transports (13.6 Sv, 14.5N), (15.2 Sv, 8N) based on …

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Lateral Mixing Of The Mediterranean Water In The Eastern North Atlantic, M. Arhan, B. King Jan 1995

Lateral Mixing Of The Mediterranean Water In The Eastern North Atlantic, M. Arhan, B. King

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of the salinity distribution along three quasi-meridional hydrographic sections in the eastern North Atlantic shows that different mesoscale processes act to mix the Mediterranean Water with the adjacent water masses. In the region of transition with the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the south, the salt transport by the meddies seems to account for most of the observed lateral diffusive exchanges at the large scale. In the north these exchanges are contributed to by parcels of both Mediterranean Water and Subarctic Intermediate Water travelling on average in opposite directions. Also in the north but at a deeper level, transition with …

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Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part I, V. M. Kamenkovich, V. A. Sheremet, A. R. Pastushkov, S. O. Belotserkovsky Jan 1995

Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part I, V. M. Kamenkovich, V. A. Sheremet, A. R. Pastushkov, S. O. Belotserkovsky

Journal of Marine Research

A barotropic time-dependent model of the wind-driven currents in the subtropical region of the ocean was considered taking both nonlinearity and lateral friction into account. The boundary conditions are the impermeability at all boundaries, no-slip at the coasts and slip at the fluid boundaries. It is shown that the solution of the problem is characterized by two nondimensional parameters ε (the ratio of width of the inertial boundary layer to a basin dimension) and R (Reynolds number for the boundary layer). A series of numerical experiments is discussed with fixed ε = 0.01 and varying R to analyze the joint …

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A Decadal Oscillation Due To The Coupling Between An Ocean Circulation Model And A Thermodynamic Sea-Ice Model, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch Jan 1995

A Decadal Oscillation Due To The Coupling Between An Ocean Circulation Model And A Thermodynamic Sea-Ice Model, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch

Journal of Marine Research

3-dimensional, planetary-geostrophic, ocean general circulation model is coupled to a thermodynamic sea-ice model. The thermal coupling takes account of the insulating effect of the ice. A simple approach is taken in the case of the freshwater flux by allowing this to pass through the ice, except that some is used for snow accumulation. It is then modified by salinity rejection/dilution due to freezing/melting. The model has idealized box geometry extending 60° in both latitude and longitude, with a horizontal resolution of 2° and 14 vertical levels. Annual mean surface forcings are used. The coupled system is first spun up using …

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Mesoscale Distribution Of Zooplankton In The California Current In Late Spring, Observed By Optical Plankton Counter, Mark E. Huntley, Meng Zhou, Walter Nordhausen Jan 1995

Mesoscale Distribution Of Zooplankton In The California Current In Late Spring, Observed By Optical Plankton Counter, Mark E. Huntley, Meng Zhou, Walter Nordhausen

Journal of Marine Research

A survey of zooplankton in the upper 300 m of the central California Current, from the coastal shelf to 128W and between 36.5N and 39.5N, was conducted in early June 1993 using an Optical Plankton Counter (OPC) as part of an interdisciplinary study of mesoscale ocean circulation and biological dynamics. The OPC was part of a multi-instrument package towed on an undulating vehicle (SeaSoar). Estimates of normalized size spectra and absolute abundance from OPC data compared favorably with measurements based on Bongo net catches. After processing, the standardized OPC data set provides a resolution of ≈7 km in the horizontal …

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Isopycnal Mixing And The Veronis Effect In An Ocean General Circulation Model, William A. Gough, Charles A. Lin Jan 1995

Isopycnal Mixing And The Veronis Effect In An Ocean General Circulation Model, William A. Gough, Charles A. Lin

Journal of Marine Research

In this study we have run a number of numerical simulations to examine the ‘Veronis effect’ in an ocean general circulation model. This effect is characterized by anomalous interior downwelling, east of the western boundary current of an ocean basin. The impact of varying the horizontal diffusivity and the use of an isopycnal mixing parameterization are examined. Several diagnostics are used. The net volume transport for a sector in the southern part of the domain, east of the western boundary is found to be the clearest indicator of the strength of the Veronis effect. This effect is found to depend …

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Fe, Zn, Mn And N Transfer Between Size Classes In A Coastal Phytoplankton Community: Trace Metal And Major Nutrient Recycling Compared, D. A. Hutchins, K. W. Bruland Jan 1995

Fe, Zn, Mn And N Transfer Between Size Classes In A Coastal Phytoplankton Community: Trace Metal And Major Nutrient Recycling Compared, D. A. Hutchins, K. W. Bruland

Journal of Marine Research

Experiments were performed to investigate transfer of 59Fe, 65Zn, 54Mn, and 15N from labeled cyanobacteria to the large (>8 μm or >5 μm) phytoplankton size class from Monterey Bay, California. Transfer of metal isotope activity was measured from and into total (for all isotopes) and intracellular (59Fe only) pools. Results demonstrated rapid and efficient transfer of nitrogen to the large phytoplankton size class; intracellular 59Fe was transferred into the intracellular and total pools of the >8 μm phytoplankton size class 70% and 130% as efficiently as nitrogen, respectively. 65Zn and 54 …

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Eddy Statistics In The South Atlantic As Derived From Drifters Drogued At 100, H. Schäfer, W. Krauss Jan 1995

Eddy Statistics In The South Atlantic As Derived From Drifters Drogued At 100, H. Schäfer, W. Krauss

Journal of Marine Research

More than 130 satellite-tracked buoys drogued at 100 m depth have been deployed by us in the South Atlantic during the years 1990–1993 in an ongoing program. After eliminating those portions of the trajectories for which the drogue was off, Lagrangian eddy statistics are computed and compared to the results of a similar data set in the North Atlantic and to previous results for the South Atlantic. Regarding the relations based on Taylor's theory, no significant differences can be seen between the North and South Atlantic. The Lagrangian integral time scale is inversely proportional to the r.m.s.-velocity which implies that …

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Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part Ii., V. A. Sheremet, V. M. Kamenkovich, A. R. Pastushkov Jan 1995

Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part Ii., V. A. Sheremet, V. M. Kamenkovich, A. R. Pastushkov

Journal of Marine Research

This paper is a continuation of Part I of the suggested study of the barotropic model of the subtropical gyre for finite Reynolds numbers. The statement of the problem, the motivation of the analysis, and the description of the general properties of the solution are presented in Part I (Kamenkovich et al., 1995). Here, in Part II of the study, the detailed investigations of the peculiarities of the solution are offered. The most striking feature of the solution is the formation of a recirculation gyre in the northwest corner of the basin. To study the gyre structure for various …

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On Geostrophic Adjustment Of A Two-Layer, Uniformly Rotating Fluid In The Presence Of A Step Escarpment, A. J. Willmott, E. R. Johnson Jan 1995

On Geostrophic Adjustment Of A Two-Layer, Uniformly Rotating Fluid In The Presence Of A Step Escarpment, A. J. Willmott, E. R. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

This paper addresses the Rossby adjustment problem for an inviscid uniformly rotating two-layer fluid in the presence of a step escarpment of infinite length. The problem can be solved analytically for the case when the ratio of the step height to the average depth of the lower layer is small. In this case two well-separated adjustment time scales emerge; the rapid, inertial and the slow, topographic vortex-stretching time scales. The fluid is assumed to be at rest initially with imposed step discontinuities in the free surface and interfacial displacements oriented perpendicular to the escarpment. A two time-scale approach shows that …

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