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Bibliography: Nicholas Paul Fofonoff, Sears Foundation Of Marine Research Yale University
Bibliography: Nicholas Paul Fofonoff, Sears Foundation Of Marine Research Yale University
Journal of Marine Research
1953 Fofonoff, N. P. A theoretical example of wind-induced circulation in a semi-circular canal. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 34, 725-728.
Deep Ocean Experiments With Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide: Creation And Sensing Of A Controlled Plume At 4 Km Depth, Peter G. Brewer, Edward T. Peltzer, Peter Walz, Izuo Aya, Kenji Yamane, Ryuji Kojima, Yasuharu Nakajima, Noriko Nakayama, Peter Haugan, Truls Johannessen
Deep Ocean Experiments With Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide: Creation And Sensing Of A Controlled Plume At 4 Km Depth, Peter G. Brewer, Edward T. Peltzer, Peter Walz, Izuo Aya, Kenji Yamane, Ryuji Kojima, Yasuharu Nakajima, Noriko Nakayama, Peter Haugan, Truls Johannessen
Journal of Marine Research
The rapidly rising levels of atmospheric and oceanic CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels has lead to well-established international concerns over dangerous anthropogenic interference with climate. Disposal of captured fossil fuel CO2 either underground, or in the deep ocean, has been suggested as one means of ameliorating this problem. While the basic thermoladynamic properties of both CO2 and seawater are well known, the problem of interaction of the two fluids in motion to create a plume of high CO2/low pH seawater has been modeled, but not tested. We describe here a novel experiment designed …
On The World-Wide Circulation Of The Deep Water From The North Atlantic Ocean, Joseph L. Reid
On The World-Wide Circulation Of The Deep Water From The North Atlantic Ocean, Joseph L. Reid
Journal of Marine Research
Above the deeper waters of the North Atlantic that have entered from the circumpolar flow, convection in the Labrador Sea and overflow from the Mediterranean, Norwegian, and Greenland seas combine at mid-depth and circulate in the subarctic cyclonic gyre, and flow southward along the western boundary into the South Atlantic. Because of the nature of these sources the mid-depth waters of the North Atlantic are the warmest, most saline, highest in oxygen and lowest in silica of any of the mid-depth waters of the World Ocean. They have been called the North Atlantic Deep Water.In the Atlantic these characteristics have …
Available Potential Energy In The World’S Oceans, Rui Xin Huang
Available Potential Energy In The World’S Oceans, Rui Xin Huang
Journal of Marine Research
It is shown that in the case with bottom topography, the available gravitational potential energy cannot be represented by the available pressure potential energy. Thus, a suitable quantity for the study of large-scale circulation is the total available potential energy which is defined as the sum of available gravitational potential energy and available internal energy. A simple computational algorithm for calculating the available potential energy in the world's oceans is proposed and tested. This program includes the compressibility of seawater and realistic topography. It is estimated that the world's oceans available gravitational potential energy density is about 1474 J/m3 …
A Double-Diffusive Interface Tank For Dynamic-Response Studies, Raymond W. Schmitt, Robert C. Millard, John M. Toole, W. David Wellwood
A Double-Diffusive Interface Tank For Dynamic-Response Studies, Raymond W. Schmitt, Robert C. Millard, John M. Toole, W. David Wellwood
Journal of Marine Research
A large tank capable of long-term maintenance of a sharp temperature-salinity interface has been developed and applied to measurements of the dynamical response of oceanographic sensors. A two-layer salt-stratified system is heated from below and cooled from above to provide two convectively mixed layers with a thin double-diffusive interface separating them. A temperature jump exceeding 10°C can be maintained over 1–2 cm (a vertical temperature gradient of order 103°C/m) for several weeks. A variable speed-lowering system allows testing of the dynamic response of conductivity and temperature sensors in full-size oceanographic instruments. An acoustic echo sounder and shadowgraph system …
High-Pressure Thermodynamic Gibbs Functions Of Ice And Sea Ice, Rainer Fiestel, Wolfgang Wagner
High-Pressure Thermodynamic Gibbs Functions Of Ice And Sea Ice, Rainer Fiestel, Wolfgang Wagner
Journal of Marine Research
A new Gibbs thermodynamic potential function of ice Ih is proposed to extend and improve already existing ones and to unify various data and formulas for thermodynamic equilibrium properties of natural ice in a consistent manner. It is valid for absolute pressures from 0 to 211 MPa and for temperatures from 0 to 273.16 K. It is consistent with the current 1995 international scientific pure water standard, IAPWS-95, and with the latest 2003 Gibbs potential of seawater. In conjunction with the latter, it provides freezing temperatures of seawater for pressures up to 100 MPa (10,000 dbar). The potential functions of …
Basin-Scale Performance Of A Locally Optimized Marine Ecosystem Model, A. Oschlies, M. Schartau
Basin-Scale Performance Of A Locally Optimized Marine Ecosystem Model, A. Oschlies, M. Schartau
Journal of Marine Research
A marine ecosystem model, that had previously been calibrated in a one-dimensional (1D) mode against observations at three time-series and process-study sites simultaneously, is coupled to a three-dimensional (3D) circulation model of the North and Equatorial Atlantic. Compared to an experiment with a previously employed subjectively tuned ecosystem model, the new 3D-model does not only reduce the model-data misfit at those locations at which observations entered the 1D optimization procedure, but also at an oligotrophic site in the subtropics that had not been considered in the 1D calibration. Basin-scale gridded climatological data sets of nitrate, surface chlorophyll, and satellite-derived primary …
The Nonlocal Model Of Porewater Irrigation: Limits To Its Equivalence With A Cylinder Diffusion Model, Nicola J. Grigg, Bernard P. Boudreau, Ian T. Webster, Phillip W. Ford
The Nonlocal Model Of Porewater Irrigation: Limits To Its Equivalence With A Cylinder Diffusion Model, Nicola J. Grigg, Bernard P. Boudreau, Ian T. Webster, Phillip W. Ford
Journal of Marine Research
Burrows maintained by animals in aquatic sediments ventilate the sediment and can substantially alter the rates and pathways of biologically-mediated decomposition reactions. A well known and effective way of modeling the impact of such bioirrigation in sediment diagenetic models is to assume that solutes diffuse into an annulus of sediment surrounding the burrow; the reaction diffusion equations are represented in cylindrical polar co-ordinates. More commonly, bioirrigation of sediments is represented by one-dimensional "nonlocal" irrigation models. Their use is typically justified by the assertion that a nonlocal model is equivalent to a radially-integrated two-dimensional diffusion model in cylindrical-polar co-ordinates. In this …
Similar Rapid Response To Phytodetritus Deposition In Shallow And Deep-Sea Sediments, L. Moodley, J. J. Middelburg, K. Soetaert, H. T. S. Boschker, P. M. J. Herman, C. H. R. Heip
Similar Rapid Response To Phytodetritus Deposition In Shallow And Deep-Sea Sediments, L. Moodley, J. J. Middelburg, K. Soetaert, H. T. S. Boschker, P. M. J. Herman, C. H. R. Heip
Journal of Marine Research
The short-term benthic response to an input of fresh organic matter was examined in vastly contrasting benthic environments (estuarine intertidal to deep-sea) using 13C-labeled diatoms as a tracer of labile carbon. Benthic processing was assessed in major compartments through 13C-enrichment in σCO2, in bacteria-specific phospholipids and in fauna tissue. A rapid response was evident in all environments. Under warm bottom water (14–18°C), similar quantities of the added carbon were respired within 24 hours in shallow and deep-sea sediments. However, the speed and magnitude of respiration were strongly reduced under low bottom water temperature (4–6°C), both in …
On Rectification Of Randomly Forced Flows, Pavel S. Berloff
On Rectification Of Randomly Forced Flows, Pavel S. Berloff
Journal of Marine Research
Nonlinear rectification of the ocean circulation driven by random forcing, which simulates the effect of unresolved eddies, is studied in an idealized closed basin. The results are based on the analysis of randomly forced solutions and linear eigenmodes. Depending on the forcing strength, two rectification regimes are found: zonal jets and isolated gyres. It is shown that both regimes are due to nonlinear interactions of resonant basin modes. In the zonal-jet regime, these interactions involve complex interplay between resonant baroclinic modes and some secondary modes. Both Rhines' scaling for zonal jets and prediction of gyres based on the maximum entropy …
Dynamics Of A Co2-Seawater Interface In The Deep Ocean, Joakim Hove, Peter M. Haugan
Dynamics Of A Co2-Seawater Interface In The Deep Ocean, Joakim Hove, Peter M. Haugan
Journal of Marine Research
A trough filled with liquid CO2 located at 3940 m depth has been used as a model system for CO2 deposition on the seafloor. To study the intrinsic properties of the interface between CO2 and seawater a wave maker was used to excite regular plane waves. The frequency (≲2.5 rad/s) and wavelength (20 cm–40 cm) of the waves have been measured, and compare reasonably well with the dispersion relation for deep fluid gravity waves. The shear stability of the interface was investigated by setting the water above the CO2 in motion with a thruster. For shear …
Solute-Specific Pore Water Irrigation: Implications For Chemical Cycling In Early Diagenesis, Christof Meile, Peter Berg, Philippe Van Cappellen, Kagan Tuncay
Solute-Specific Pore Water Irrigation: Implications For Chemical Cycling In Early Diagenesis, Christof Meile, Peter Berg, Philippe Van Cappellen, Kagan Tuncay
Journal of Marine Research
In one-dimensional (1D) early diagenetic models, bioirrigation is typically represented by a nonlocal mass transfer or bioirrigation coefficient, α. Usually, all pore water species are assigned the same α. Here, we show that this assumption can lead to significant errors in estimates of bioirrigation intensities. Using a simplified early diagenetic reaction network, we compute the 3D concentration fields of major pore water species around a vertical burrow, as well as the solute fluxes across the burrow wall. From these results, corresponding 1D vertical α profiles are derived. The α profiles show pronounced differences from one solute to another. Dissolved O …
Effect Of Air-Sea Heat Exchange On Seasonal Transport Variation Of The Kuroshio, Toshihiro Sakamoto
Effect Of Air-Sea Heat Exchange On Seasonal Transport Variation Of The Kuroshio, Toshihiro Sakamoto
Journal of Marine Research
Observations up to the present indicate that the climatological volume transports of the Kuroshio have an annual range of at most 10 Sv and a maximum in summer, both of which are inconsistent with the nontopographic Sverdrup relation. We show that these observed properties may be reproduced using a two-layer planetary geostrophic model with variable bottom topography if we take into account sea-surface heat flux, as well as large interface displacements associated with layer outcropping. The thermal forcing is represented by seasonally changing the reduced gravity so that the available potential energy of the model ocean is decreased in winter …
Recent Interannual Upper Ocean Variability In The Deep Southeastern Bering Sea, Amy E. Wirts, Gregory C. Johnson
Recent Interannual Upper Ocean Variability In The Deep Southeastern Bering Sea, Amy E. Wirts, Gregory C. Johnson
Journal of Marine Research
Recent seasonal and interannual variability of the upper ocean in the southeast Aleutian Basin of the Bering Sea is related to air sea fluxes, ocean advection, and mixing. Between the winter of 2001/2002 and that of 2002/2003 a warming and freshening of the upper ocean was observed in data from a regional array of profiling Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) floats. The mild winter of 2002/2003 resulted in an unusually warm, fresh, light, and shallow winter mixed layer and a weakly ventilated temperature minimum layer. These unusual winter conditions contributed to a substantial reduction in the subsurface temperature inversion characteristic of the southeast …
Determination Of Dynamic Heights In The Bay Of Bengal From Xbt Profiles And Climatological Salinities, M. M. Ali, V. V. Gopalakrishna, Nilesh Araligidad, G. Venkata Reddy, G. Salgoanker
Determination Of Dynamic Heights In The Bay Of Bengal From Xbt Profiles And Climatological Salinities, M. M. Ali, V. V. Gopalakrishna, Nilesh Araligidad, G. Venkata Reddy, G. Salgoanker
Journal of Marine Research
Dynamic height (DH) computations are necessary for the estimation of geostrophic currents, heat transport studies, identification of eddies and to validate the altimeter sea surface height (SSH) observations. To compute DHs we need the temperature and salinity profiles to a reasonable deeper level. But, temperature profiles alone, such as from XBT (expendable bathy thermograph), are more numerous than combined temperature and salinity measurements from CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth). To use these voluminous temperature measurements from XBT observations in the computation of DHs, temperature/salinity relations were developed in many oceanic regions. Since such an exercise cannot be carried out in …
Life In The Lee: Local Distributions And Orientations Of Honeycomb Worms Along The California Coast, Stacey A. Simmons, Richard K. Zimmer, Cheryl Ann Zimmer
Life In The Lee: Local Distributions And Orientations Of Honeycomb Worms Along The California Coast, Stacey A. Simmons, Richard K. Zimmer, Cheryl Ann Zimmer
Journal of Marine Research
In the rocky intertidal, invertebrates living in dense, intraspecific groups may be particularly important community members because they provide structural habitat for other species. Despite the prevalence of conspecific aggregates, there is scant knowledge of the proximate and ultimate causes of their distributions. Phragmatopoma californica is a gregarious, suspension-feeding tubeworm that forms extensive reefs ("honeycombs") along the California coast. Local distributions and sizes of worm aggregations, tube orientations and worm mass were quantified to identify patterns and generate hypotheses regarding potential structuring processes. Field surveys were conducted at five intertidal boulder fields in northern and southern California, spanning much of …
Thermohaline Circulation Induced By Bottom Friction In Sloping-Boundary Basins, Johan Nilsson, Gösta Walin, Göran Broström
Thermohaline Circulation Induced By Bottom Friction In Sloping-Boundary Basins, Johan Nilsson, Gösta Walin, Göran Broström
Journal of Marine Research
We show that a velocity field in geostrophic and hydrostatic balance on the f-plane can be diagnosed from an arbitrarily prescribed distribution of buoyancy in a basin with closed depth contours. We emphasize the steady-state circulation associated with a large-scale horizontal buoyancy gradient, attained in the absence of wind forcing. For inviscid motion, the diagnosed field contains a free barotropic along-isobath flow which can be chosen arbitrarily, e.g. in such a way that the buoyant "southern" pool of surface water essentially recirculates. Including bottom friction, we show that steady motion requires that the net Ekman transport across closed depth …
Spatial Linkages Between Decapod Planktonic And Benthic Adult Stages In A Newfoundland Fjordic System, Pedro A. Quijón, Paul V. R. Snelgrove
Spatial Linkages Between Decapod Planktonic And Benthic Adult Stages In A Newfoundland Fjordic System, Pedro A. Quijón, Paul V. R. Snelgrove
Journal of Marine Research
The relative importance of predatory decapod crustaceans in sedimentary communities depends on the spatial variability in their abundance and composition. At the scale of a fjord, such spatial patterns could be related to sill-mediated larval supply. This study examines larval and adult distributions of abundant predatory decapods at six representative sites in a sub-arctic Newfoundland fjord during three consecutive summers. Adult snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and toad crab (Hyas coarctatus, H. araneus) characterized outer areas of the fjord, whereas pandalid shrimp (Pandalus montagui) dominated inner areas, and rock crab (Cancer irroratus) showed …
On The Subduction Of Upwelled Waters In The California Current, Steven J. Bograd, Arnold W. Mantyla
On The Subduction Of Upwelled Waters In The California Current, Steven J. Bograd, Arnold W. Mantyla
Journal of Marine Research
We use 20 years of hydrographic data from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program off southern California to search for water mass signatures of subducted upwelled waters. A search for secondary oxygen maxima in more than 6000 water column profiles identified 629 cases of deep oxygen inversions. The additional criteria of a minimum magnitude of the deep oxygen inversion and an accompanying reduction in dissolved nutrients identified 106 (∼17%) of these as subduction signatures. The physical and chemical characteristics of these water masses suggest that they had been photosynthetically modified in the euphotic zone, and perhaps ventilated at …
Subantarctic Mode Water And Antarctic Intermediate Water In The South Indian Ocean Based On Profiling Float Data 2000 –2004, Annie P. S. Wong
Subantarctic Mode Water And Antarctic Intermediate Water In The South Indian Ocean Based On Profiling Float Data 2000 –2004, Annie P. S. Wong
Journal of Marine Research
Autonomous CTD profiling float data from Argo between 2000 and 2004 have been used to study the properties of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in relation to local winter mixed layer properties and frontal regimes in the South Indian Ocean. By calculating noise variance at the tightest part of the -S curve, the accuracy of salinity in the selected Argo data set has been estimated to be better than 0.01 psu. The basin-wide and seasonally unbiased sampling of the float array shows that South Indian Ocean SAMW is more continuous in geographical and density space …
Bering Strait Transports From Satellite Altimetry, J. Y. Cherniawsky, W. R. Crawford, O. P. Nikitin, E. C. Carmack
Bering Strait Transports From Satellite Altimetry, J. Y. Cherniawsky, W. R. Crawford, O. P. Nikitin, E. C. Carmack
Journal of Marine Research
TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data are used to compute sea level slopes across the Bering Strait and associated geostrophic transport anomalies through the strait during ice-free periods from 1992 to 2002. The satellite turning latitude near 66N is just north of the strait, allowing us to use data from seven nearly zonal altimeter tracks close to the strait and to provide estimates of mean slopes, geostrophic currents and water transports approximately every 1.5 days. The altimeter-derived transport anomalies far exceed the mean value and are in good agreement with those derived from in situ observations. Comparison to wind data from a nearby …
Diffusion Of Organic And Inorganic Solutes Through Macrofaunal Mucus Secretions And Tube Linings In Marine Sediments, Angelos K. Hannides, Shannon M. Dunn, Robert C. Aller
Diffusion Of Organic And Inorganic Solutes Through Macrofaunal Mucus Secretions And Tube Linings In Marine Sediments, Angelos K. Hannides, Shannon M. Dunn, Robert C. Aller
Journal of Marine Research
Transport models in sediments commonly assume that diffusion occurs through water saturated pore space and that diffusive properties are largely homogeneous and isotropic. The bioturbated zone of marine sediments is characterized by sediment pores filled with mucus gel and criss-crossed by organic membranes that line macrofaunal tubes and burrows. Diffusion experiments utilizing pedal mucus from the naticid snails, Neverita (=Polinices) duplicata and Euspira (=Lunatia) heros, and organic tube linings from the polychaetes Onuphis jenneri, Diopatra cupria, and Chaetopterus variopedatus, demonstrated that the diffusion of both organic and inorganic solutes is inhibited by …
Change Of Sea Level Trend In The Mediterranean And Black Seas, I. Vigo, D. Garcia, B. F. Chao
Change Of Sea Level Trend In The Mediterranean And Black Seas, I. Vigo, D. Garcia, B. F. Chao
Journal of Marine Research
Sea level anomaly (SLA) data in the Mediterranean and Black seas obtained by ocean radar altimetry missions (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason, ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT) are studied in conjunction with corresponding sea-surface temperature (SST) data. The studied time span is 11 years long, 1993-2003. Besides confirming previously published results, we report a significant, but enigmatic, abrupt change in the SLA trend that took place in mid-1999 which has been corroborated by independent tide gauge data. Results obtained from an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis show that the change in 1999 is not uniform in the Mediterranean Sea, which can thus be divided into …
Energetics Of Wind-Driven Barotropic Variability In The Southern Ocean, Wilbert Weijer, Sarah T. Gille
Energetics Of Wind-Driven Barotropic Variability In The Southern Ocean, Wilbert Weijer, Sarah T. Gille
Journal of Marine Research
This study addresses the energetics of the Southern Ocean, in response to high-frequency wind forcing. A constant-density, multi-layer model is forced with a band of stochastically varying wind stress. The focus is on the interplay between the surface layer and the interior circulation.In line with previous examinations, it is concluded that the interior ocean is not directly energized by the wind work, but rather through the work done by the pressure field. The spatial and temporal characteristics of these terms differ substantially. Although the wind work may be negative in extensive regions of the World Ocean, the pressure work energizes …
Origin And Fate Of A Bloom Of Skeletonema Costatum During A Winter Upwelling/Downwelling Sequence In The Ría De Vigo (Nw Spain), X. A. Álvarez-Salgado, M. Nieto-Cid, S. Piedracoba, B. G. Crespo, J. Gago, S. Brea, I. G. Teixeira, F. G. Figueiras, J. L. Garrido, G. Rosón, C. G. Castro, M. Gilcoto
Origin And Fate Of A Bloom Of Skeletonema Costatum During A Winter Upwelling/Downwelling Sequence In The Ría De Vigo (Nw Spain), X. A. Álvarez-Salgado, M. Nieto-Cid, S. Piedracoba, B. G. Crespo, J. Gago, S. Brea, I. G. Teixeira, F. G. Figueiras, J. L. Garrido, G. Rosón, C. G. Castro, M. Gilcoto
Journal of Marine Research
The onset, development and decay of a winter bloom of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum was monitored during a 10 d period in the coastal upwelling system of the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain). The succession of upwelling, relaxation and downwelling-favorable coastal winds with a frequency of 10–20 d is a common feature of the NW Iberian shelf. The onset of the bloom occurred during an upwelling-favorable ½ wk period under winter thermal inversion conditions. The subsequent ½ wk coastal wind relaxation period allowed development of the bloom (gross primary production reached 8g C m−2 d−1) utilizing …
Interfacial Solitary Wave Run-Up In The St. Lawrence Estuary, Daniel Bourgault, Daniel E. Kelley, Peter S. Galbraith
Interfacial Solitary Wave Run-Up In The St. Lawrence Estuary, Daniel Bourgault, Daniel E. Kelley, Peter S. Galbraith
Journal of Marine Research
Density variations show evidence of interfacial solitary waves (ISW) running up the sloping boundary of an island in the St. Lawrence Estuary, confirming inferences based remote sensing. Further detail is suggested by simulations created with a two-dimensional nonhydrostatic numerical model. The simulations confirm theoretical predictions of the location of wave breaking, something that is difficult to observe in the field. Two other results of the simulations match laboratory findings: the creation of turbulent boluses that propagate upslope of the breaking zone, and the creation of an intermediate layer that transports mixed water away from the mixing site. Although our sampling …
Deep Western Boundary Current East Of Abaco: Mean Structure And Transport, Harry L. Bryden, William E. Johns, Peter M. Saunders
Deep Western Boundary Current East Of Abaco: Mean Structure And Transport, Harry L. Bryden, William E. Johns, Peter M. Saunders
Journal of Marine Research
To assess whether the southward deep water flow of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation can be monitored by measuring the deep western boundary current, the structure and transport of the time-averaged deep western boundary current at 26.5N are estimated from long current meter records deployed in a series of 7 mooring deployments over 11 years from March 1986 to June 1997 east of Abaco Island in the Bahamas. Time-averaged meridional velocities for each current meter record are combined into estimates of mean velocity at 3 to 10 depths at 10 mooring locations extending eastward from the continental slope out to …
Interannual Variations In Upper-Ocean Transport By The Gulf Stream And Adjacent Waters Between New Jersey And Bermuda, T. Rossby, C. N. Flagg, K. Donohue
Interannual Variations In Upper-Ocean Transport By The Gulf Stream And Adjacent Waters Between New Jersey And Bermuda, T. Rossby, C. N. Flagg, K. Donohue
Journal of Marine Research
Since the fall of 1992, an acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a freighter, the CMV Oleander, has been measuring upper-ocean currents between New Jersey and Bermuda on a weekly basis. The extensive database that results from the frequent, systematic, and sustained sampling enables the exploration of a number of questions regarding currents in the northwest Atlantic. This paper reports on interannual variations in transport in the Gulf Stream and adjacent waters. The repeat sampling greatly increases the ability to discern even rather subtle variations in near-surface transport and explore their possible causes. The transect is divided into three subregions: …
Decadal Changes In The Canary Upwelling System As Revealed By Satellite Observations: Their Impact On Productivity, A. Miguel P. Santos, Alexander S. Kazmin, Álvaro Peliz
Decadal Changes In The Canary Upwelling System As Revealed By Satellite Observations: Their Impact On Productivity, A. Miguel P. Santos, Alexander S. Kazmin, Álvaro Peliz
Journal of Marine Research
Satellite-derived sea-surface temperature (SST) data were used to study the variability of the Canary Upwelling Ecosystem-CUE (12 to 43N) over the last two decades of the 20th century. The analysis reveals well known patterns of climatology and seasonal variability in this upwelling system. In contrast to quasi-regular decadal oscillations of SST anomalies observed in the open ocean, the coastal variability during the 1980s–1990s was better described as a decadal scale shift of the upwelling regime intensity. The analysis of the upwelling index and coastal zonal gradient of SST showed that this shift occurred earlier (∼1992) in the northern part …
Recruitment Responses Of Benthic Infauna To Manipulated Sediment Geochemical Properties In Natural Flows, Steven J. Engstrom, Roberta L. Marinelli
Recruitment Responses Of Benthic Infauna To Manipulated Sediment Geochemical Properties In Natural Flows, Steven J. Engstrom, Roberta L. Marinelli
Journal of Marine Research
Recent studies have shown that local variation in surface sediment geochemistry can have significant effects on recruitment rates of benthic invertebrates. Experiments presented here tested (1) the utility of manipulating surface porewater concentrations using spiked polyacrylamide gels and (2) the recruitment responses of the polychaete Arenicola cristata and the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria to manipulated ammonium concentrations in realistic flows provided by a straight flume and an annular flume. Data show that successful manipulation of sediment porewater ammonium concentration is feasible in flowing waters, i.e., overlying waters remained relatively free of ammonium while manipulated concentration levels were maintained within the upper …