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Articles 1951 - 1980 of 2515

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The Temperature Tolerances Of Three Species Of Marine Fishes, James G. Hoff, James R. Westman Jan 1966

The Temperature Tolerances Of Three Species Of Marine Fishes, James G. Hoff, James R. Westman

Journal of Marine Research

The temperature tolerances of three species of marine fishes----Menidia menidia (common silverside), Pseudopleuronectes americanus (winter flounder), and Spheroides maculatus (northern swellfish)-have been determined. Following calculation of the median tolerance limit for various exposure times over a range of acclimation temperatures, the thermal tolerance was determined on a square graph by plotting lethal temperature against acclimation temperature. The tolerances determined are: 715°C squared for M. menidia; 635°C or 685°C squared for P. americanus, with cold tolerance limits of 1°C or 0°C, respectively; and 550°C squared for S. maculatus.

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A Field Study Of The Wind Generation Of Ocean Waves, Russell L. Snyder, Charles S. Cox Jan 1966

A Field Study Of The Wind Generation Of Ocean Waves, Russell L. Snyder, Charles S. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes a series of field experiments that provide growth curves and wind histories for waves of wave length r 7 m. In each of 29 runs of from 1 to 4 hours, a directional wave recorder with an effective beam width of 20 degrees was towed downwind at the group velocity of these waves starting from a windward shore....

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Mineralogy Of Tongue Of The Ocean Sediments, Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Rucker Jan 1966

Mineralogy Of Tongue Of The Ocean Sediments, Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Rucker

Journal of Marine Research

The carbonate mineralogy of 25 short cores from the Tongue of the Ocean has been determined. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that carbonate mineralogy may reflect Pleistocene sea-level changes due to an increased contribution of low magnesium calcite from the subaerially exposed Bahama Banks when sea levels were low. It is suggested that this relationship of mineralogy to sea level may find wide application in the study of carbonate sedimentation in intermediate-depth water, proximal to carbonate banks.

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On The Influence Of The Peripheral Antarctic Water Discharge On The Dynamics Of The Circumpolar Current, Victor Barcilon Jan 1966

On The Influence Of The Peripheral Antarctic Water Discharge On The Dynamics Of The Circumpolar Current, Victor Barcilon

Journal of Marine Research

The discharge of water caused by melting, ablation, and glacial run-off along the coastline of Antarctica produces a westward zonal flow that could partly counteract the eastward wind-driven current.

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An Investigation Into The Wind As The Cause Of Equatorial Undercurrent, A. R. Robinson Jan 1966

An Investigation Into The Wind As The Cause Of Equatorial Undercurrent, A. R. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

A theoretical investigation is made of the wind as the possible cause of equatorial undercurrent. A uniform wind is allowed to stress a finite-depth ocean of infinite extent. All latitudinal current variations are β effects. The singular behavior of the flow is studied equatorward from midlatitudes. Next, the equatorial current is found to be strongly dependent on an assumed constant Austausch coefficient....

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A Study Of Photosynthetic Light Reactions, And A New Interpretation Of Sun And Shade Phytoplankton, Charles S. Yentsch, Robert W. Lee Jan 1966

A Study Of Photosynthetic Light Reactions, And A New Interpretation Of Sun And Shade Phytoplankton, Charles S. Yentsch, Robert W. Lee

Journal of Marine Research

The r elationship of photosynthesis to light intensity is examined, using phytoplankton cultured in different environments. The graphical means used in presenting the data are shown, and the desirability of normalizing the curves is discussed….

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Comparison And Evaluation Of Currently Employed Modifications Of The Winkler Method For Determining Dissolved Oxygen In Seawater; A Nasco Report, Dayton E. Carritt, James H. Carpenter Jan 1966

Comparison And Evaluation Of Currently Employed Modifications Of The Winkler Method For Determining Dissolved Oxygen In Seawater; A Nasco Report, Dayton E. Carritt, James H. Carpenter

Journal of Marine Research

This report discusses the basic chemistry of the Winkler procedure as well as various results obtained from fi eld and laborator y studies and experiments designed to determine the accuracy or precision of measuring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater with currently used modifications of the Winkler method....

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A Sea-Bottom Sampler That Collects Both Water And Sediment Simultaneously, David R. Schink, Kent A. Fanning, John Piety Jan 1966

A Sea-Bottom Sampler That Collects Both Water And Sediment Simultaneously, David R. Schink, Kent A. Fanning, John Piety

Journal of Marine Research

A simple sampler, assembled mainly from commercially available eq uipment, is described. It simultaneously collects water samples at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 m above the sea floor and takes a short core at the same location.

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The Use Of Pco2 For The Calculation Of Biological Production, With Examples From Waters Off Massachusetts, John M. Teal, John Kanwisher Jan 1966

The Use Of Pco2 For The Calculation Of Biological Production, With Examples From Waters Off Massachusetts, John M. Teal, John Kanwisher

Journal of Marine Research

The use of pCO2 for the study of biological production in natural waters has advantages over the use of oxygen related to the persistence of changes in pCO2, the magnitude of the changes, and the possibility of making continuous recordings of surface-water pCO2 from a ship underway. The method of calculating biological production is discussed and illustrated with data from coastal waters off Massachusetts.

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Direct Measurements Of The Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent, M. C. Stalcup, W. G. Metcalf Jan 1966

Direct Measurements Of The Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent, M. C. Stalcup, W. G. Metcalf

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements from 57 current meters suspended from anchored buoys in a network between 1.5°N and 1.5°S and from 27.5°W to 35°W in the Atlantic Ocean between February and April 1963 show speeds up to 70 cm/sec within the Equatorial Undercurrent. The bottom of the Undercurrent appears to be no deeper than 150 m; below th is dep th there is a westward-flowing current with speeds up to 25 cm/sec.

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On The Dynamical Formulation Of The Large-Scale Momentum Exchange Between Atmosphere And Ocean, W. Lawrence Gates Jan 1966

On The Dynamical Formulation Of The Large-Scale Momentum Exchange Between Atmosphere And Ocean, W. Lawrence Gates

Journal of Marine Research

The vorticity equations for the vertically integrated momentum are derived for both the ocean and atmosphere, subject to the hydrostatic approximation, with the ocean's surface treated as a material interface. The familiar wind-stress curl is the dominant momentum exchange mechanism for large- and synoptic-scale circulations, with the air-pressure torque on the sea surface becoming of comparable importance for motion scales of the order of 102 km. The effect of the divergence of the integrated mass flux is among the larger terms of the vorticity equation for all scales of transient motion considered.

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Influence Of The Surtsey Eruption On The Nutrient Content Of The Surrounding Seawater, Unnsteinn Stefánsson Jan 1966

Influence Of The Surtsey Eruption On The Nutrient Content Of The Surrounding Seawater, Unnsteinn Stefánsson

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of the recent Surtsey eruption on the nutrient content of the surrounding seawater was studied over a period of one year. During the first months, while the eruption was explosive and when seawater flooded the vents, a significant increase in reactive silicates was observed within 30 km of the eruption center, and the silicate concentration had increased by a factor of three near the island. After the eruption changed to an effusive phase, in early April 1964, the amounts dissolved were negligible, except close to the island where bot lava entered the sea....

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Rossby Waves With Bottom Topography, George Veronis Jan 1966

Rossby Waves With Bottom Topography, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

A simple analysis shows the analogy between Rossby waves and waves caused by irregularities in the depth of a homogeneous layer of fluid in a rotating system. The effect of bottom topography is shown to be very important in generating low-frequency waves and is more important than the β effect even for relatively small changes in the depth....

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Oriented Marine Cores: A Description Of New Locking Compasses And Triggering Mechanisms, André M. Rosfelder, Neil F. Marshall Jan 1966

Oriented Marine Cores: A Description Of New Locking Compasses And Triggering Mechanisms, André M. Rosfelder, Neil F. Marshall

Journal of Marine Research

While core-orientation data are becoming more and more necessary for marine sedimentological studies, there are no rugged, inexpensive, or convenient compasses that are insensitive to the ambient pressure, the inclination of the corer, and the bottom impact. This paper describes some instruments designed in an attempt to overcome these problems. A hemispherical compass, a free-floating spherical compass, an inexpensive "compass smasher," and some proposed simplified models of these are described....

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Primary Productivity In The Gerlache And Bransfield Straits Of Antarctica, Enrique F. Mandelli, Paul R. Burkholder Jan 1966

Primary Productivity In The Gerlache And Bransfield Straits Of Antarctica, Enrique F. Mandelli, Paul R. Burkholder

Journal of Marine Research

Distribution of the standing crop of phytoplankton and primary productivity in the Gerlache and Bransfield straits was studied during February and March 1965 aboard the Argentine Navy Icebreaker GENERAL SAN MARTIN. Relatively high standing-crop values, expressed in chlorophyll a per square meter, were exhibited in the euphotic zone, with ranges of 86-209 mg/m2 in the Gerlache Strait area and 20-209 mg/m2 in the Bransfield Strait area. Primary productivity was also high in both areas, but not commensurate with what might be expected for the standing crop in Gerlache Strait....

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Small-Scale, Horizontal Vortices In The Surface Layer Of The Sea, Robert W. Owen Jr. Jan 1966

Small-Scale, Horizontal Vortices In The Surface Layer Of The Sea, Robert W. Owen Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

A vortex system in the water near the sea surface has been inferred from collection into parallel rows of a positively phototaxic zooplankton population. Water velocity in the upper part of convergence planes of the system has been equated with estimated swimming speed of the animals....

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The Distribution Of Phytoplankton, And Its Relationship To Hydrography, Between Southern New England And Venezuela, Edward M. Hulburt Jan 1966

The Distribution Of Phytoplankton, And Its Relationship To Hydrography, Between Southern New England And Venezuela, Edward M. Hulburt

Journal of Marine Research

Data obtained on numerous cruises, from southern New England to the Caribbean Sea, between September 1956 and August 1963 form the basis for this study on the relationship of flora to hydrography. Seaward from the southern New England coast, with salinity increasing, the quantity of phytoplankton in near-surface water (0-25 m) decreases while the proportion of oceanic species increases. In the Sargasso Sea, in summer, the stratification and flora are similar from north to south, but in winter, when there is a difference in stratifi cation of the upper 200 m in the northern and southern portions, there is a …

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Further Measurements And Observations On The Cromwell Current, John A. Knauss Jan 1966

Further Measurements And Observations On The Cromwell Current, John A. Knauss

Journal of Marine Research

The Cromwell Current was observed in the eastern Pacific during the Scripps Institution of Oceanography SWAN SONG Expedition, 5 September–1 December 1961, employing hydrographic stations and direct current measurements. The velocity structure in 1961 at 140°W was similar to that observed in April 1958 except that the transport in 1961 was only 22 × 106 m3 /sec---55% of the transport observed in 1958....

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A Perfusion Chamber For Electrode Studies On The Physiology Of Planktonic Algae, Charles S. Yentsch Jan 1965

A Perfusion Chamber For Electrode Studies On The Physiology Of Planktonic Algae, Charles S. Yentsch

Journal of Marine Research

An algal photosynthetic chamber using an oxygen electrode is described. It is unique in that the algae are held in the chamber on a filter. In this manner a high concentration of cells per unit volume of chamber and a high sensitivity to oxygen production is obtained. Other advantages of this system are that the solution around the algae on the filter is changed easily without disturbing the cells and the chamber is easily adapted to continuous closed circulation.

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Notes On The Theory Of The Thermocline, Robert Blandford Jan 1965

Notes On The Theory Of The Thermocline, Robert Blandford

Journal of Marine Research

This paper presents an exact analytical solution in closed form for a steady, laminar model of the oceanic thermocline. The model includes vertical diffusion and horizontal and vertical convection of heat. The solution satisfies boundary conditions that are in fair agreement with observation over the range of latitude 10° to 45°. The behavior of the solution is given as a function of the imposed temperature and vertical velocity component at the bottom of the Ekman layer....

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The Activity Coefficient Of Sodium Chloride In Seawater, R. F. Platford Jan 1965

The Activity Coefficient Of Sodium Chloride In Seawater, R. F. Platford

Journal of Marine Research

Using a sodium amalgam and silver-silver chloride electrode pair, the mean activity coefficient of sodium chloride in synthetic seawater has been compared with that in pure sodium chloride solutions. Effects of concentration and temperature were measured. The mean activity coefficient in synthetic seawater was found to be slightly higher than in a sodium chloride solution of the same ionic strength. No explanation for this is offered.

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The Activity Coeffiicient Of Sodium Sulfate In Seawater, R. F. Platford, Thomas Dafoe Jan 1965

The Activity Coeffiicient Of Sodium Sulfate In Seawater, R. F. Platford, Thomas Dafoe

Journal of Marine Research

The mean activity coefficient of sodium sulfate in artificial seawater has been measured with a sodium amalgam electrode and a lead amalgam-lead sulfate electrode. The value of 0.378 at 25°C and 35‰ salinity, and other data, suggest that a considerable fraction of the sulfate ion is tied up as a sodium sulfate complex.

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An Experimental Study Of The P-V-T-S Relations Of Seawater, Mark S. Newton, George C. Kennedy Jan 1965

An Experimental Study Of The P-V-T-S Relations Of Seawater, Mark S. Newton, George C. Kennedy

Journal of Marine Research

The compressibility of seawater has been determined as a function of salinity, pressure, and temperature. Specific volumes have been computed. The salinities, as measured on a University of Washington-type conductivity bridge, were 0.00, 30.52, 34.99, and 41.03‰. The pressure range was from r to r 300 bars and the temperature range from 0°C to 25°C. The experiments were carried out by measuring decrements of volume at 100-bar intervals spaced in 5° isotherms....

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Late Tertiary Planktonic Foraminifera Associated With A Basaltic Boulder From The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Richard Cifelli Jan 1965

Late Tertiary Planktonic Foraminifera Associated With A Basaltic Boulder From The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Richard Cifelli

Journal of Marine Research

A dredge haul obtained from the mid-Atlantic Ridge at 22° 56' N, 46° 35' W yielded a consolidated, partially silicified foraminiferal ooze and some frag ments of an apparently altered basalt. The age of the consolidated ooze, determined from its assemblage of planktonic Foraminifera, is late Tertiary and probably late Miocene. The inference is that deposition of the consolidated ooze preceded the extrusion of the basalt, with silicification of the ooze occurring during the periods of extrusion and alteration of the basalt.

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A Technique For The Direct Measurement Of Transport With Application To The Straits Of Florida, William S. Richardson, William J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1965

A Technique For The Direct Measurement Of Transport With Application To The Straits Of Florida, William S. Richardson, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

A method is described by which the volume transport per unit width of a water column is obtained from measurements of the run time, depth, and horizontal d efl ection of a freely falling instrument. Measurements of the north-south component of transport in the Straits of Florida using this technique gave 35.5 ± 1.2 x 106 m3/sec on August 16 and 17, 1964. The surface currents and east-west components of transport are also given.

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Fundamental Mode Edge Waves Over A Steeply Sloping Shelf, Bryan Johns Jan 1965

Fundamental Mode Edge Waves Over A Steeply Sloping Shelf, Bryan Johns

Journal of Marine Research

Fundamental mode edge waves over a steeply sloping shelf are considered. With the orientation of the coastline as prescribed in the present treatment (north-south), it is found that the Coriolis effect is of decreasing significance as the slope of the shelf increases and that the theory developed by Stokes (1846) is ultimately applicable.

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Use Of The Goldberg Refractometer As A Salinometer For Biological And Geological Field Work, E. William Behrens Jan 1965

Use Of The Goldberg Refractometer As A Salinometer For Biological And Geological Field Work, E. William Behrens

Journal of Marine Research

The Goldberg Refractometer (American Optical Co., model 10402) has been tested as a potential field salinometer. The instrument has a range of 0 to 220‰ and an accuracy of about one ppt. Although it is inaccurate relative to titration and conductimetric salinometers, the Refractometer has the advantages of temperature compensation, small size, small sample requirements, large range, and low cost.

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Water Characteristics Of The Caribbean Sea, Wilton Sturges Jan 1965

Water Characteristics Of The Caribbean Sea, Wilton Sturges

Journal of Marine Research

The volume of Caribbean Sea water in bivariate classes of potential temperature vs. salinity has been estimated from 76 hydrographic stations. The resulting statistics are presented on a pair of characteristic diagrams. The outstanding feature of the diagrams is the strong mode; nearly half of all Caribbean water lies within 0.1°C and 0.02 per mil of the mode, at 3.9°C, 34.98 per mil....

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On Thermally Maintained Circulation In A Closed Ocean Basin, P. P. Niiler, A. R. Robinson, S. L. Spiegel Jan 1965

On Thermally Maintained Circulation In A Closed Ocean Basin, P. P. Niiler, A. R. Robinson, S. L. Spiegel

Journal of Marine Research

A three-dimensional model of a thermohaline-maintained circulation is presented for a closed basin of finite depth on the beta plane. The circulation, which conserves potential vorticity, consists of a westward drift at all levels in the open ocean and a return flow that is accomplished in a swift eastward-flowing current. A comparison is made to Worthington's recent water-mass analysis of deep circulation in the North Atlantic Basin.

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Disadvantages Of The Olson Drift Card, And Description Of A Newly Designed Card, C. P. Duncan Jan 1965

Disadvantages Of The Olson Drift Card, And Description Of A Newly Designed Card, C. P. Duncan

Journal of Marine Research

Disadvantages of the Olson drift card are discussed, and a newly designed polythene drift card (3 mm thick) is described. This card is compact and complete. In tests along the South African coast it has proved to be durable and convenient. The tests indicate that it compares favorably with either drift bottles or the Olson plastic envelopes.

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