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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 2515

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Inertial Oscillations In An Ekman Layer Containing A Horizontal Discontinuity Surface, Joseph P. Pandolfo, Philip S. Brown Jr. Jan 1967

Inertial Oscillations In An Ekman Layer Containing A Horizontal Discontinuity Surface, Joseph P. Pandolfo, Philip S. Brown Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Solutions are obtained for systems of equations that determine the development of velocity profiles in an infinitely deep fluid system subjected to Coriolis accelerations and composed of two layers of viscous fluid differing in density, viscosity, and geostrophic velocity. The density, viscosity, and horizontal pressure gradient are assumed to remain constant in space and time within each layer and to differ discontinuously at the horizontal interface between the layers....

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Tsunami Response For Islands: Verification Of A Numerical Procedure, A. C. Vastano, R. O. Reid Jan 1967

Tsunami Response For Islands: Verification Of A Numerical Procedure, A. C. Vastano, R. O. Reid

Journal of Marine Research

A numerical integration procedure is employed to evaluate the response of the water level in the near fi eld of an island due to the incidence of plane monochromatic gravity waves that have periods in the tsunami range. Verification of the numerical procedure is restricted to two axially symmetric islands for which analytical solutions are available. The first case is that of a vertical cylinder of circular cross section in water of constant depth....

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On The Wave-Induced Difference In Mean Sea Level Between The Two Sides Of A Submerged Breakwater, M. S. Longuet-Higgins Jan 1967

On The Wave-Induced Difference In Mean Sea Level Between The Two Sides Of A Submerged Breakwater, M. S. Longuet-Higgins

Journal of Marine Research

Very simple formulae are derived for the difference in mean level between the two sides of a submerged breakwater when waves are incident on it at an arbitrary angle. The formulae apply also to waves undergoing refraction due to changes in depth and to waves in open channel transitions.

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A Harmonic Method For Predicting Shallow-Water Tides, Bernard D. Zetler, Robert A. Cummings Jan 1967

A Harmonic Method For Predicting Shallow-Water Tides, Bernard D. Zetler, Robert A. Cummings

Journal of Marine Research

The development of an objective technique for identifying significant hidden frequencies in the spectrum makes it possible to accurately predict shallow-water tides by harmonic methods. For Anchorage, Alaska, the 114 constituents used include frequencies in every species (cycles per day) from 0 to 12. The larger set of constituents improved the predictions in times of high and low waters, range of tide, and shape of curve. The stationary characteristics of some of the added constituents have been tested with three years of Philadelphia data.

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A Characterization Of The Gulf Of Mexico Waters In Winter, W. D. Nowlin Jr., H. J. Mclellan Jan 1967

A Characterization Of The Gulf Of Mexico Waters In Winter, W. D. Nowlin Jr., H. J. Mclellan

Journal of Marine Research

The results of a rapid survey of the Gulf of Mexico in the winter of 1962 are presented. Variations in the characteristics of the water in several core layers are described. Circulation has been examined on the basis of dynamic computations and G.E.K. measurements. In the eastern Gulf, water enters through Yucatan Strait and leaves through Florida Strait, flowing in an anticyclonic loop that extends well into the Gulf....

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The Wave-Drift Current, John A.T. Bye Jan 1967

The Wave-Drift Current, John A.T. Bye

Journal of Marine Research

The irrotational wave-drift current associated with the one-dimensional eq uilibrium wave spectrum is calculated, and by comparison with observation, it is shown that in many situations this current may make an important contribution to surface-drift velocities. One of the interesting features of the irrotational current profile is a remarkable affinity to the logarithmic profile of similarity theory, both formally and quantitatively.

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Further Observations On The Secondary Nitrite Maximum In The Northern Equatorial Pacific, Warren S. Wooster Jan 1967

Further Observations On The Secondary Nitrite Maximum In The Northern Equatorial Pacific, Warren S. Wooster

Journal of Marine Research

The secondary nitrite maximum was observed in May 1965 at nine stations south of the boundary between the western extension of the California Current and the Nor th Equatorial Current. A ssociation of high nitrite concentrations with low dissolved-oxygen concentrations and high salinity in the Equatorial Pacific salinity maximum suggests that the northern boundary of the secondary nitrite maximum is related to the northern limit of penetration by Equatorial Pacific water.

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The Determination Of Urea In Seawater, B. S. Newell, B. Morgan, Jane Cundy Jan 1967

The Determination Of Urea In Seawater, B. S. Newell, B. Morgan, Jane Cundy

Journal of Marine Research

A clinical method for the determination of urea in blood and urine (Beale and Croft 1961) has been modified for the determination of smaller quantities of urea (1-20 µg N/l) in seawater.

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Thermostad, The Antonym Of Thermocline, R. C. Seitz Jan 1967

Thermostad, The Antonym Of Thermocline, R. C. Seitz

Journal of Marine Research

In standard oceanographic usage the suffix "-cline" denotes a layer in which there is a relatively large vertical gradient of the given property. However, oceanographers have no term available to denote the contrasting feature: a layer of water in which there is a relative minimum of the absolute value of the vertical gradient....

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Measurements Of Particle Motions In Ocean Waves, David H. Shonting Jan 1967

Measurements Of Particle Motions In Ocean Waves, David H. Shonting

Journal of Marine Research

Ducted impeller wave meters used aboard a light station to observe particle motions in wind waves at various depths beneath the free surface are described. The motions recorded display quasisinusoidal oscillations having an approximate 90° phase shift between the horizontal and vertical velocity components that lie normal to the wave crests....

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Damping Of Capillary Waves At The Air-Sea Interface By Oceanic Surface-Active Material, W. D. Garrett Jan 1967

Damping Of Capillary Waves At The Air-Sea Interface By Oceanic Surface-Active Material, W. D. Garrett

Journal of Marine Research

The damping rates of capillary waves (wavelength = 0.52 cm) were measured on fresh seawater sampled under various oceanographic conditions. The collected water con tained varying quantities of surface-active organic materials capable of adsorbing at the air-water interface and altering the sea-surface properties....

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Concentration And State Of Cerium In Coastal Waters, James H. Carpenter, Virginia E. Grant Jan 1967

Concentration And State Of Cerium In Coastal Waters, James H. Carpenter, Virginia E. Grant

Journal of Marine Research

The cerium contents of several coastal water samples were found to be 0.1 to 0.6 µg/l. These are in contrast to the cerium concentrations of 0.004 and 0.014 µg/l observed in samples taken near Bermuda….

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A New Method Of Measuring Coastal Surface Currents With Markers And Dyes Dropped From An Aircraft, J. G. Welsh Jan 1967

A New Method Of Measuring Coastal Surface Currents With Markers And Dyes Dropped From An Aircraft, J. G. Welsh

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes a new low-cost method of measuring coastal surface currents with markers dropped from a light aircraft at each of a series of stations. Each marker consists of a cloth bag containing floats and a different dye. One marker, with anchor attached, remains stationary while a second marker, with drogue attached, moves with the current. The specific dye with each marker disperses slowly and contjnuously through the cloth into the water and aids in the subsequent location of each marker....

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A Model For Thermohaline Circulation In An Ocean Of Finite Depth, G. T. Needler Jan 1967

A Model For Thermohaline Circulation In An Ocean Of Finite Depth, G. T. Needler

Journal of Marine Research

This paper presents a theoretical study of the steady-state density, pressure, and velocity fields in an unbounded ocean driven by the differential heating of the surface and by the divergence or convergence of the Ekman layer….

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A Simple Squeezer For Removal Of Interstitial Water From Ocean Sediments, Bob J. Presley, Robert R. Brooks, Henry M. Kappel Jan 1967

A Simple Squeezer For Removal Of Interstitial Water From Ocean Sediments, Bob J. Presley, Robert R. Brooks, Henry M. Kappel

Journal of Marine Research

A simple and inexpensive squeezer employed in the removal of interstitial water from ocean sediments has been designed. Squeezing is carried out with nitrogen at pressures of 500 to 1000 lb/in2 (35 to 70 kg/cm2). The apparatus is lined with teflon, thus insuring complete freedom from metallic contamination.

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Influence Of The Amazon River Outflow On The Ecology Of The Western Tropical Atlantic I. Hydrography And Nutrient Chemistry, J. H. Ryther, D. W. Menzel, Nathaniel Corwin Jan 1967

Influence Of The Amazon River Outflow On The Ecology Of The Western Tropical Atlantic I. Hydrography And Nutrient Chemistry, J. H. Ryther, D. W. Menzel, Nathaniel Corwin

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of the Amazon River discharge on the nutrient chemistry and biological productivity in the western tropical Atlantic and the eastern Caribbean was investigated during two oceanogr aphic cruises in the fall of 1964 and the spring of 1965, respectively. The river outflow is entrained in the Guiana Current and carried to the north and east, affecting an area that is at times a million square miles, as indicated by surface salinity....

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Temperature Differences Near The Sea-Air Interface, Allen H. Schooley Jan 1967

Temperature Differences Near The Sea-Air Interface, Allen H. Schooley

Journal of Marine Research

Little information is available on the temperature differences in the first several centimeters of air and water above and below the sea surface. A series of measurements was made to determine the magnitude and fluctuations of these temperature differences in the open Mediterranean Sea off the Ligurian Coast of Italy at about 44° 54.7'N, 9° 45'E. The differences were measured with respect to the actual undulating surface of the sea. The instrumentation used is described....

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Influence Of The Amazon River Outflow On The Ecology Of The Western Tropical Atlantic Ii. Zooplankton Abundance, Copepod Distribution, With Remarks On The Fauna Of Low-Salinity Area, George W. Calef, George D. Grice Jan 1967

Influence Of The Amazon River Outflow On The Ecology Of The Western Tropical Atlantic Ii. Zooplankton Abundance, Copepod Distribution, With Remarks On The Fauna Of Low-Salinity Area, George W. Calef, George D. Grice

Journal of Marine Research

Zooplankton samples and hydrographic data were collected on two cruises to the area of the equatorial Atlantic that is influenced by the Amazon River outflow: one cruise during the dry season, October and November 1964, the other during the wet season that followed, May and June 1965. In the area where the cruise tracks overlapped, the average displacement volume of total zooplankton was almost three times higher during the wet season than during the dry season....

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A Note On Bacteriological Sampling In Seawater, H. W. Jannasch, W. S. Maddux Jan 1967

A Note On Bacteriological Sampling In Seawater, H. W. Jannasch, W. S. Maddux

Journal of Marine Research

In a comparative study, two existing bacteriological samplers and a newly designed device were tested for obtaining uncontaminated seawater samples. Serratia marinorubra was used as a tracer organism. It was possible to eliminate contamination to a large extent.

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On The Theory Of Continental Shelf Waves, Lawrence A. Mysak Jan 1967

On The Theory Of Continental Shelf Waves, Lawrence A. Mysak

Journal of Marine Research

This paper considers the response of the sea surface to a low-frequency long-wavelength plane-wave pressure distribution that progresses eastward across a large circular continent having a narrow sloping shelf that drops off vertically to a flat ocean basin....

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Thrust-Anemometer Measurements Of Wind-Velocity Spectra And Of Reynolds Stress Over A Coastal Inlet, Stuart D. Smith Jan 1967

Thrust-Anemometer Measurements Of Wind-Velocity Spectra And Of Reynolds Stress Over A Coastal Inlet, Stuart D. Smith

Journal of Marine Research

The thrust anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the three components of wind-velocity fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer over the sea surface, as required for the calculation of Rey nolds stress of the wind on the sea….

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The Intersection Between The Mid-Atlantic Ridge And The Vema Fracture Zone In The North Atlantic, Tjeerd H. Van Andel, John B. Corliss, Vaughan T. Bowen Jan 1967

The Intersection Between The Mid-Atlantic Ridge And The Vema Fracture Zone In The North Atlantic, Tjeerd H. Van Andel, John B. Corliss, Vaughan T. Bowen

Journal of Marine Research

Near 11°N, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is offset by the Verna Fracture. The hypothesis of sea-floor spreading has suggested that the fracture is a transform fault, and this has been confirmed by the first motion studies of recent earthquakes along the fracture. The fault zone is developed as a deep and narrow east-west trending through, bordered on the south side by a high and steep rocky wall representing an uplifted slice of crust....

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On Weather-Induced Long Waves In The Equatorial Pacific, Gordon W. Groves, Motoyasu Miyata Jan 1967

On Weather-Induced Long Waves In The Equatorial Pacific, Gordon W. Groves, Motoyasu Miyata

Journal of Marine Research

The entire available historic record of sea level and surface weather at Canton Island, Phoenix Islands, has been used to study linear relationships in the frequency range 0 to 0.8 cycles per day. Peaks in the sea-level spectrum at periods of four days and five days are strongly coherent with local weather, especially the meridional wind component. Thus the possibility that these oscillations are a manifestation of a global seiche is doubtful.

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New Tables For Oxygen Saturation Of Seawater, E. J. Green, D. E. Carritt Jan 1967

New Tables For Oxygen Saturation Of Seawater, E. J. Green, D. E. Carritt

Journal of Marine Research

This paper presents new tables and a nomogram for the calculation of oxygen saturation values of pure water and of seawater. The tables are based on recent car eful determinations of the Bunsen absorption coefficient for oxygen and on accepted values of the vapor pressure of water.

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Mineralogy And Petrology Of Some Mid-Atlantic Ridge Sediments, Raymond Siever, Miriam Kastner Jan 1967

Mineralogy And Petrology Of Some Mid-Atlantic Ridge Sediments, Raymond Siever, Miriam Kastner

Journal of Marine Research

Coarse and fine fractions of samples from dredge hauls and cor es taken in a detailed survey in the area of 22°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studied by x-ray diffraction and petrographic microscopy.

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On The Generation Of Ocean Wind Waves As Inferred From Airborne Radar Measurements Of Fetch-Limited Spectra, T. P. Barnett, J. C. Wilkerson Jan 1967

On The Generation Of Ocean Wind Waves As Inferred From Airborne Radar Measurements Of Fetch-Limited Spectra, T. P. Barnett, J. C. Wilkerson

Journal of Marine Research

A section of sea surface that had been subjected to a constant offshore wind was profiled by using an airborne radar-wave profiler. The profiles extended seaward from the coast for a distance of 350 km . From these data, estimates of the spectrum of encounter of the sea surface were obtained for different fetch lengths....

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Biological And Physical Observations On A Phosphorescent Bay In Falmouth Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., W. Rowland Taylor, H. H. Seliger, W. G. Fastie, W. D. Mcelroy Jan 1966

Biological And Physical Observations On A Phosphorescent Bay In Falmouth Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., W. Rowland Taylor, H. H. Seliger, W. G. Fastie, W. D. Mcelroy

Journal of Marine Research

A general description of a phosphorescent bay on the northern shore of Jamaica, West Indies, is presented. The brilliant bioluminescence in this embayment is due to the large armored dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense. It was found in cell densities as high as 200,000 cells/liter. Using a submersible spectrometer, the bioluminescent emission spectrum of these organisms was found to peak at 476 mµ....

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Characteristics Of A Red-Water Bloom In Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., D. M. Steven Jan 1966

Characteristics Of A Red-Water Bloom In Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., D. M. Steven

Journal of Marine Research

A red-water bloom in Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, in October 1962 is described and discussed. The red water occurred during a brief period at the peak of a growth and decay cycle of a population of Exuviella sp. For several months before, during, and after the bloom, data on carbon fixation, chlorophyll, phytoplankton and nutrient concentrations were obtained at a station close to the bloom in Kingston Harbor and at another station in the Caribbean Sea.

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Quasigeostrophic Free Oscillations In Enclosed Basins, Maurice Rattray Jr., Robert L. Charnell Jan 1966

Quasigeostrophic Free Oscillations In Enclosed Basins, Maurice Rattray Jr., Robert L. Charnell

Journal of Marine Research

Solutions are obtained for quasigeostrophic free oscillations in enclosed basins of dimensions comparable to the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. The lower-order baroclinic oscillations are r estri cted to the regions adjacent to the eq uator or the ocean boundaries, and for each basin the oscillations have an estimated minimum period of about 20 days. The barotropic oscillations fill the complete basin and have minimum periods varying from an estimated 2.7 days in the Pacific Ocean (wave length 14,900 km) to 3.8 days in the Indian Ocean (wave length 10,400 km)....

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Modifications Of The Pisa Tube And Some Results From Observations Off Cape Point, C. P. Duncan Jan 1966

Modifications Of The Pisa Tube And Some Results From Observations Off Cape Point, C. P. Duncan

Journal of Marine Research

Twelve stations were worked from 6 to 8 July 1965 aboard the R.S. SARDINOPS in a tight grid of three lines between Cape Town and the Cape of Good Hope, one line of four stations being worked each day. One subsurface current observation was made at each station with a Pisa Current Indicator (Carruthers Jelly Bottle). Results show three cyclonic eddies, with upwelling at each eddy. Surface flow, as shown by ship drift, bears no relationship to subsurface flow, possibly because of the strong thermocline throughout the area.

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