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Radionuclides From Windscale Discharges I: Nonequilibrium Tracer Experiments In High-Latitude Oceanography, Hugh D. Livingston, Vaughan T. Bowen, Stuart L. Kupferman Jan 1982

Radionuclides From Windscale Discharges I: Nonequilibrium Tracer Experiments In High-Latitude Oceanography, Hugh D. Livingston, Vaughan T. Bowen, Stuart L. Kupferman

Journal of Marine Research

The releases of soluble radionuclides from the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Windscale represent for some artificial radionuclides a major addition to the inventories due to nuclear test fallout on the northern hemisphere….


Variability In Surface Chlorophyll A At A Shelf-Break Front, John Marra, R. W. Houghton, David C. Boardman, Patrick J. Neale Jan 1982

Variability In Surface Chlorophyll A At A Shelf-Break Front, John Marra, R. W. Houghton, David C. Boardman, Patrick J. Neale

Journal of Marine Research

We report an extensive underway sampling of temperature and chlorophyll a in the region of the shelf/slope front in the New York Bight in early spring. Variability in chlorophyll a and frontal structure is analyzed at three spatial scales….


Marginally Unstable Salt Fingers: Limits To Growth, Terrence M. Joyce Jan 1982

Marginally Unstable Salt Fingers: Limits To Growth, Terrence M. Joyce

Journal of Marine Research

The theory of long, thin salt fingers is extended to allow for a finite length. The temporal evolution of a marginally unstable, single mode disturbance is then examined as it interacts with and modifies the basic state, which is constrained to be at rest in hydrostatic equilibrium....


An Example Of Long-Term Variability For Subsurface Current And Hydrographic Patterns In The Western North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr., Michael S. Mccartney Jan 1982

An Example Of Long-Term Variability For Subsurface Current And Hydrographic Patterns In The Western North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr., Michael S. Mccartney

Journal of Marine Research

An example of long-term variability along 55W, perhaps interannual, for current and temperature distributions during mid-1975-1977 is presented. The existence of significant energy in the 55W data set at time scales longer than mesoscale (50-150 days) has been clear for , some time, but this is a first description of the latitudinal and vertical configuration of this low-frequency variability....


Inshore Circulation Of The Agulhas Current Off Natal, E. H. Schumann Jan 1982

Inshore Circulation Of The Agulhas Current Off Natal, E. H. Schumann

Journal of Marine Research

The variability of the inshore circulation of the Agulhas Current on the Natal continental shelf region is investigated using historical ship-based data, and more recent measurements made on moorings deployed at various points along the coast. The existence is confirmed of a recirculation flow inshore of the Agulhas Current on the wider shelf region, although emphasis is laid on the inherent variability. It is apparent that the different flow regimes along the coast are primarily due to topographic effects; in particular, a narrowing shelf serves to reduce the variability being transmitted downstream.


Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Chlorophyll Distributions And Geostrophic Current Estimates On The Peru Shelf At 9s, Alex W. Herman Jan 1982

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Chlorophyll Distributions And Geostrophic Current Estimates On The Peru Shelf At 9s, Alex W. Herman

Journal of Marine Research

Profiles of chlorophyll a, temperature and salinity were measured over the Peru Shelf at 9S. Data were collected with a Batfish vehicle profiling in a sawtooth pattern over a cycle distance of ≈ 1 km at a depth ranging from near surface to ≈ 80 m….


The Vertical Flux Of Particulate Organic Nitrogen In The Sea: Decomposition Of Amino Acids In The Peru Upwelling Area And The Equatorial Atlantic, Cindy Lee, Carolyn Cronin Jan 1982

The Vertical Flux Of Particulate Organic Nitrogen In The Sea: Decomposition Of Amino Acids In The Peru Upwelling Area And The Equatorial Atlantic, Cindy Lee, Carolyn Cronin

Journal of Marine Research

Marine particulate matter samples were collected in moored and free-drifting sediment traps deployed off the coast of Peru during February, 1978. Three types of amino acids were analyzed in these samples: free extractable amino acids (FEA), hydrolyzed extractable amino acids (HEA) and total hydrolyzed amino acids (fHA). FEA and HEA were also analyzed in moored trap samples from the PARFLUX E station in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean....


On The Upwelling Circulation Over The Wide Shelf Off Peru: 1. Circulation, Gary Shaffer Jan 1982

On The Upwelling Circulation Over The Wide Shelf Off Peru: 1. Circulation, Gary Shaffer

Journal of Marine Research

During November-December 1977, a modest physical field experiment was carried out over the wide shelf off northern Peru near 9S. Repeated sections of temperature and absolute current profiles were run along two lines with 60 km alongshore separation. Local winds were moderate, rather uniform and favorable for upwelling throughout the study period....


Modeling Salt-Fingering Structures, Otto Zeman, John L. Lumley Jan 1982

Modeling Salt-Fingering Structures, Otto Zeman, John L. Lumley

Journal of Marine Research

Results are presented of calculations with a second-order turbulence model which has been modified to evolve continuously from full turbulent convection to thermo-haline convection, under appropriate circumstances. A three-layer system is simulated, with a salt-fingering interface between two convectively-driven turbulent layers. Experimental results on the salt/heat flux ratio are reproduced.


Analysis Of Dimethyl Sulfonium Compounds In Marine Algae, Robert H. White Jan 1982

Analysis Of Dimethyl Sulfonium Compounds In Marine Algae, Robert H. White

Journal of Marine Research

A method is described for the quantitation of the dimethyl sulfide which is released from marine algae by treatment with alkali. Results show that this dimethyl sulfide originates from at least two separate pools of dimethyl sulfonium compounds present in the algae....


On The Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation, D. E. Harrison, Stephen Stalos Jan 1982

On The Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation, D. E. Harrison, Stephen Stalos

Journal of Marine Research

Nonlinear solutions to the barotropic vorticity equation, forced by steady zonal winds and damped with a linear friction law, are described. Single and double gyre basins and wind stress patterns are used. Wind and frictional parameters are chosen to give results with quasi-oceanic flow scales....


Coastal Upwelling In The Rias Bajas, Nw Spain: Contrasting The Benthic Regimes Of The Rias De Arosa And De Muros, K. R. Tenore, L. F. Boyer, R. M. Cal, J. Corral, C. Garcia-Fernandez, N. Gonzalez, E. Gonzalez-Gurriaran, R. B. Hanson, J. Iglesias, M. Krom, E. Lopez-Jamar, J. Mcclain, M. M. Pamatmat, A. Perez, D. C. Rhoads, G. De Santiago, J. Tietjen, J. Westrich, H. L. Windom Jan 1982

Coastal Upwelling In The Rias Bajas, Nw Spain: Contrasting The Benthic Regimes Of The Rias De Arosa And De Muros, K. R. Tenore, L. F. Boyer, R. M. Cal, J. Corral, C. Garcia-Fernandez, N. Gonzalez, E. Gonzalez-Gurriaran, R. B. Hanson, J. Iglesias, M. Krom, E. Lopez-Jamar, J. Mcclain, M. M. Pamatmat, A. Perez, D. C. Rhoads, G. De Santiago, J. Tietjen, J. Westrich, H. L. Windom

Journal of Marine Research

Nutrient-rich North Atlantic water upwells off the NW coast of Spain and intermittently intrudes into the rias, coastal embayments, by displacement during periods of offshore winds. High primary production associated with the upwelling supports an intensive raft culture of the edible mussel, Mytilus edulis. This culture is most intensive (ca. 2000 rafts) in the Ria de Arosa, and results in one of the highest protein yields per unit area on earth....


Observations Of Mesoscale Variability In The Western North Atlantic: A Comparative Study, L.-L. Fu, T. Keffer, P. P. Niiler, C. Wunsch Jan 1982

Observations Of Mesoscale Variability In The Western North Atlantic: A Comparative Study, L.-L. Fu, T. Keffer, P. P. Niiler, C. Wunsch

Journal of Marine Research

As part of the POLYMODE experiment, three clusters (labeled A, B, C) of moored current meters and temperature-pressure recorders were deployed in three relatively unexplored regions in the North Atlantic Ocean to study the mesoscale variability….


Distribution And Variability Of Dissolved Hydrogen In The Mediterranean Sea, Mary I. Scranton, Mark M. Jones, Frank L. Herr Jan 1982

Distribution And Variability Of Dissolved Hydrogen In The Mediterranean Sea, Mary I. Scranton, Mark M. Jones, Frank L. Herr

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrogen is one of the most interesting of the oceanic reduced gases because of its important role in both microbial nitrogen fixation and the anaerobic microbial food chain. A recent investigation in the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Cadiz on the USNS Bartlett has confirmed previous studies showing warm ocean waters to be supersaturated relative to atmospheric equilibrium in the mixed layer and undersaturated at depth....


Variability Of Water Mass Interleaving Off N.W. Africa, E. D. Barton, P. Hughes Jan 1982

Variability Of Water Mass Interleaving Off N.W. Africa, E. D. Barton, P. Hughes

Journal of Marine Research

Water mass interleaving observed over the N.W. African continental slope during Upwelling 75 has been investigated. A water mass census demonstrated that the most common temperature-salinity characteristics over the slope at 23N lay between those of the North and South Atlantic Central Water masses....


An Unstable Uniform Slab Model Of The Mixed Layer As A Source Of Downward Propagating Near-Inertial Motion. Part 1: Steady Mean Flow, John Kroll Jan 1982

An Unstable Uniform Slab Model Of The Mixed Layer As A Source Of Downward Propagating Near-Inertial Motion. Part 1: Steady Mean Flow, John Kroll

Journal of Marine Research

The linear stability of a one layer turbulent slab model of the mixed layer over a continuously stratified, inviscid, infinite depth ocean is investigated for large horizontal scale (≥ 0 (1 km)) perturbations….


Quasi-Stationary Banded Structure In The Mean Zonal Geostrophic Current Regimes Of The Western North Pacific, Warren B. White, Keiichi Hasunuma Jan 1982

Quasi-Stationary Banded Structure In The Mean Zonal Geostrophic Current Regimes Of The Western North Pacific, Warren B. White, Keiichi Hasunuma

Journal of Marine Research

Two data sets are used to reveal the quasi-stationary nature of the banded current structure in the western North Pacific. The first consists of all hydrographic data taken in the region, archived at the Japanese Oceanographic Data Center (JODC)….


Spatial Patterns Of Grazing-Related Parameters In California Coastal Surface Waters, July 1979, James L. Cox, Loren R. Haury, James J. Simpson Jan 1982

Spatial Patterns Of Grazing-Related Parameters In California Coastal Surface Waters, July 1979, James L. Cox, Loren R. Haury, James J. Simpson

Journal of Marine Research

A surface survey using underway continuous mapping of temperature, chlorophyll, zooplankton (>153 µm) wet weight density, and activity of the zooplankton digestive enzyme laminarinase was undertaken for a 20-day period during active upwelling in the California coastal region between Pt. Arena and Pt. Conception, California, U.S.A., during July, 1979....


Radionuclides From Windscale Discharges Ii: Their Dispersion In Scottish And Norwegian Coastal Circulation, Hugh D. Livingston, Vaughan T. Bowen, Stuart L. Kupferman Jan 1982

Radionuclides From Windscale Discharges Ii: Their Dispersion In Scottish And Norwegian Coastal Circulation, Hugh D. Livingston, Vaughan T. Bowen, Stuart L. Kupferman

Journal of Marine Research

Measurement of the concentrations of 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr, 238Pu, and 239, 240Pu in Scottish and Norwegian coastal waters in 1976 and 1978 provides information on dispersal pathways, transport times, and dilution in these waters of radioactive waste discharged to the Irish Sea from the Windscale nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Cumbria, U. K....


The Worthington Effect And The Origin Of The Younger Dryas, W. H. Berger, J. S. Killingley Jan 1982

The Worthington Effect And The Origin Of The Younger Dryas, W. H. Berger, J. S. Killingley

Journal of Marine Research

An increase in CO2 content of the atmosphere during deglaciation is explained by buildup of shelf carbonate with concomitant release of "excess CO2" to the surrounding upper ocean, from whence some of it enters the atmosphere. Mixing with deep water removes excess CO2 to the abyss where it is used up in dissolving foraminifera and coccoliths....


A Note On The Heat Balance Of The Mediterranean And Red Seas, A. F. Bunker, H. Charnock, R. A. Goldsmith Jan 1982

A Note On The Heat Balance Of The Mediterranean And Red Seas, A. F. Bunker, H. Charnock, R. A. Goldsmith

Journal of Marine Research

The Mediterranean and Red Seas are used as test volumes in an attempt to assess the accuracy of estimates of climatological air-sea fluxes calculated using meteorological observations from merchant ships….


Origin Of The Mediterranean Outflow, Harry L. Bryden, Henry M. Stommel Jan 1982

Origin Of The Mediterranean Outflow, Harry L. Bryden, Henry M. Stommel

Journal of Marine Research

Toe origin of the Mediterranean outflow is one of oceanography's oldest problems. In this work, the flow of western Mediterranean deep water up and over the sill at Gibraltar is investigated from hydrographic observations and current measurements. The deep water is found to flow westward along the Moroccan continental slope in the western Mediterranean or Alboran Sea and to rise as it approaches the Strait of Gibraltar....


The Antarctic Circumpolar Current And The Oceanic Heat And Freshwater Budgets, Daniel T. Georgi, John M. Toole Jan 1982

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current And The Oceanic Heat And Freshwater Budgets, Daniel T. Georgi, John M. Toole

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrographic sections that span the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are used to estimate the zonal heat and freshwater transports south of Africa, New Zealand and America. These in tum are used to calculate the exchanges of heat and freshwater between the three major oceans....


On The Transport And Modification Of Antarctic Bottom Water In The Vema Channel, Nelson Hogg, Pierre Biscaye, Wilford Gardner, William J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1982

On The Transport And Modification Of Antarctic Bottom Water In The Vema Channel, Nelson Hogg, Pierre Biscaye, Wilford Gardner, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

The Verna Channel is a deep passage across the Rio Grande Rise in the South Atlantic through which Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) must flow on its way northward from the Argentine Basin to the Brazil Basin and eventuafly into the North Atlantic….


Response Of The Western Equatorial Atlantic Ocean To An Annual Wind Cycle, Eli Joel Katz, Silvia Garzoli Jan 1982

Response Of The Western Equatorial Atlantic Ocean To An Annual Wind Cycle, Eli Joel Katz, Silvia Garzoli

Journal of Marine Research

From the Global Weather Experiment in 1979, four one-year data records are juxtaposed which simultaneously describe the wind stress, thermocline depth, surface current and transport of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the western equatorial Atlantic….


Seasonal Variability Of Temperature And Salinity In The Labrador Current, John R.N. Lazier Jan 1982

Seasonal Variability Of Temperature And Salinity In The Labrador Current, John R.N. Lazier

Journal of Marine Research

Most of the available temperature and salinity data from the waters above the Labrador continental shelf and slope are assembled and analyzed for seasonal variations. It is first demonstrated that the horizontal temperature and salinity gradients are small in the waters over the shelf relative to the gradients across the slope where the strongest part of the Labrador Current is trapped....


The Subtropical Recirculation Of Mode Waters, Michael S. Mccartney Jan 1982

The Subtropical Recirculation Of Mode Waters, Michael S. Mccartney

Journal of Marine Research

A "Mode Water" is a particular type of water mass characterized by its vertical homogeneity. There are two general varieties in the world ocean: Subtropical Mode Waters and Subpolar Mode Waters. The vertical homogeneity of a Mode Water is acquired by the process of deep vertical convection in winter. The low vertical density gradient imparted to the water column by convection persists laterally as the general circulation carries the Mode Water away from the formation zone....


Walter Hoxton's 1735 Description Of The Gulf Stream, P. L. Richardson Jan 1982

Walter Hoxton's 1735 Description Of The Gulf Stream, P. L. Richardson

Journal of Marine Research

In 1735 Walter Hoxton, on his chart of Chesapeake Bay, gave an early and accurate description of the western Gulf Stream. Hoxton's pioneering measurements by ship-drift of the mean limits, direction and speed of the Gulf Stream were the first to show that the Stream is a narrow, swift boundary current which leaves the coast near Cape Hatteras. and turns eastward near 38N latitude. The Hoxton description of the Stream antedates by 35 years the Franklin-Folger chart of the Stream.


The Kinematic And Thermohaline Zonation Of The Antarctic Circumpolar Current At Drake Passage, Worth D. Nowlin Jr., Melody Clifford Jan 1982

The Kinematic And Thermohaline Zonation Of The Antarctic Circumpolar Current At Drake Passage, Worth D. Nowlin Jr., Melody Clifford

Journal of Marine Research

The waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current at Drake Passage show mesoscale horizontal zonation into four water mass regimes horizontally separated by three fronts. Vertical profiles of T, S and O2 on opposite sides of each front are described and compared. Although the surface waters are significantly different across fronts, the vertical profiles from the same side of a specific front are remarkably uniform from year to year and from cruise to cruise....


Finestructure And Microstructure In The North Atlantic Current, Raymond W. Schmitt, Daniel T. Georgi Jan 1982

Finestructure And Microstructure In The North Atlantic Current, Raymond W. Schmitt, Daniel T. Georgi

Journal of Marine Research

The relationship between intrusive finestructure and optical microstructure was studied by simultaneous CTD Tow-yos and deployments of the shadowgraph profiler SCIMP. Strong thermohaline intrusions, 5 to 50 m thick, were tracked laterally for 5 to 10 km in the front associated with the North Atlantic Current....