Digital Commons Network^™

Association Of Lifestyle Intervention With Risk For Cardiovascular Events Differs By Level Of Glycated Hemoglobin, Michael P Bancks, Scott J Pilla, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Hsin-Chieh Yeh, Karen C Johnson, Joseph Rigdon, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Mark A Espeland

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: We reevaluated the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to assess whether the effect of ILI on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention differed by baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Methods: Look AHEAD randomized 5145 adults, aged 45 to 76 years with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity to ILI or a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group for a median of 9.6 years. ILI focused on achieving weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. We assessed the parent trial's primary composite CVD outcome. We evaluated additive and multiplicative heterogeneity of the intervention on …

The Contribution Of Physical Activity To Sleep Parameters In Pregnancy Within The Context Of Prepregnant Body Mass Index, Priscilla M. Nodine

Dissertations

Sleep disturbances are common among pregnant women and pregnant women with obesity are especially prone to problems sleeping. Disturbed sleep is independently associated with the inflammatory process and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Safe treatment options to enhance sleep during pregnancy are needed. The primary aim of the study was to test Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) by evaluating the contribution of physical activity (PA) to sleep parameters in pregnant women, particularly within the context of prepregnant body mass index (BMI).

Diabetic Management With Glp1-Ra Ozempic And Diabetic Education, Katrina Sivo-Souza

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

A condition with observed poor management by most who possess a diagnosis, diabetes mellitus remains the seventh leading cause of death within the country. This diagnosis can and often does lead to severe complications, creating implications for not only the patient but also families, caregivers, and the community. Most diabetic patients possess a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The healthcare industry continues to implement improvement with diabetic management and complications resulting from diabetes. Research suggests that the standard of care for patients with diabetes begins with lifestyle modification to improve glycemic control. New medications, such as Ozempic (semaglutide), have …

Relationship Between Obesity And Global Longitudinal Strain In The Pediatric Single Ventricle Fontan Population Across Ventricular Morphologies., Nitin Madan, Doaa Aly, Melanie Kathol, Amulya Buddhavarapu, Thomas Rieth, Ashley K. Sherman, Daniel Forsha

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with diminished myocardial function as measured by strain echocardiography in children and young adults with normal cardiac anatomy. Data are lacking about the effect of obesity on myocardial strain in patients with a single ventricle. In this study, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and single ventricle myocardial strain in the Fontan population was assessed.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-eight abnormal BMI Fontan cases (21 overweight and 17 obese) and 30 normal BMI Fontan controls matched based on single ventricular morphology, age, and sex were included in the study. Ventricular morphology was categorized as single right …

Firefighter Health: A Narrative Review Of Occupational Threats And Countermeasures, Drew E. Gonzalez, Sarah N. Lanham, Steven E. Martin, Richard E. Cleveland, Thad E. Wilson, Emily L. Langford, Mark G. Abel

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Structural firefighters are responsible for protecting properties and saving lives during emergency operations. Despite efforts to prepare firefighters for these hazardous occupational demands, the unfortunate reality is that the incidence of health morbidities is increasing within the fire service. Specifically, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mental health disorders are among the most documented morbidities in firefighters. Pubmed and Google Scholar search engines were used to identify peer-reviewed English language manuscripts that evaluated firefighters’ occupational health threats, allostatic factors associated with their occurrence, and evidence-based strategies to mitigate their impact. This narrative review provides fire departments, practitioners, and researchers with evidence-based practices …

Public Acceptance Of Using Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Weight Management Apps In High-Income Southeast Asian Adults With Overweight And Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study, Han Shi Jocelyn Chew, Palakorn Achananuparp, Palakorn Achananuparp, Nicholas W. S. Chew, Yip Han Chin, Yujia Gao, Bok Yan Jimmy So, Asim Shabbir, Ee-Peng Lim, Kee Yuan Ngiam

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Introduction: With in increase in interest to incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) into weight management programs, we aimed to examine user perceptions of AI-based mobile apps for weight management in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods: 280 participants were recruited between May and November 2022. Participants completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic profiles, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), and Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was performed using R. Model fit was tested using maximum-likelihood generalized unweighted least squares. Associations between influencing factors were analyzed using correlation and linear regression. Results: 271 participant responses were …

Adverse Metabolic Phenotypes In Parenterally Fed Neonatal Pigs Do Not Persist Into Adolescence, Sarah K Elefson, Barbara Stoll, Teresa A Davis, Marta L Fiorotto, Samer W El-Kadi, Kenneth Genovese, Thomas Thymann, Per T Sangild, Douglas G Burrin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Nutrition during fetal and neonatal life is an important determinant for the risk of adult-onset diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and obesity.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine whether total parenteral nutrition (TPN) compared with enteral formula feeding [enteral nutrition (EN)] in term piglets during the first 2 wk after birth would increase the long-term (5-mo) development of metabolic syndrome phenotypes with adverse glucose homeostasis, fatty liver disease, and obesity.

METHODS: Neonatal female pigs were administered TPN (n = 12) or fed enterally with a liquid enteral milk-replacer formula (EN, n = 12) for 14 d. After transitioning TPN pigs …

The Psychosocial Beliefs, Experiences And Expectations Of Children Living With Obesity, Lisa Newson, Nicola Sides, Amineh Rashidi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Childhood obesity has been shown to impair psychological health. However, psychological factors are often overlooked in both research evaluations and treatment interventions, and children's perspectives on managing obesity are underexplored. Neglecting psychosocial factors might undermine interventions. This research explored the psychological beliefs, expectations and experiences of children living with obesity (range 7–13) and attending a weight management programme (WMP). Methods: Thirty-four participants (19 females, 15 males, average age 9.5 years) completed a semistructured interview. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four overarching themes were developed: (1) defining health and self-recognition; (2) external influence; feedback, …

Leptin Reduction As A Required Component For Weight Loss, Shangang Zhao, Na Li, Wei Xiong, Guannan Li, Sijia He, Zhuzhen Zhang, Qingzhang Zhu, Nisi Jiang, Christian Ikejiofor, Yi Zhu, May-Yun Wang, Xianlin Han, Ningyang Zhang, Carolina Solis-Herrera, Christine Kusminski, Zhiqiang An, Joel K Elmquist, Philipp E Scherer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Partial leptin reduction can induce significant weight loss, while weight loss contributes to partial leptin reduction. The cause-and-effect relationship between leptin reduction and weight loss remains to be further elucidated. Here, we show that FGF21 and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide rapidly induced a reduction in leptin. This leptin reduction contributed to the beneficial effects of GLP-1R agonism in metabolic health, as transgenically maintaining leptin levels during treatment partially curtailed the beneficial effects seen with these agonists. Moreover, a higher degree of leptin reduction during treatment, induced by including a leptin neutralizing antibody with either FGF21 or …

Analysis Of The Elements And Development Trends Of Cereal Meal Replacement Powder, Yang Ruifang, Bai Jianjiang, Tang Jianhao, Piao Zhongze, Wan Changzhao, Xu Weiqin

Food and Machinery

Cereals are enriched with many nutrients that are good for human health. Cereal meal replacement powder interventions can reduce weight, improve blood lipids, regulate postprandial glucose, adjuvant treatment and prevention of diabetes, and have a wide range of applications and development prospects. In this review, the processing materials, efficacy, formulation optimization methods, digestive properties, processing techniques, and related implementation standards for meal replacements are summarized, and the development of meal replacements is prospected.

Circulating Microrna Expression And Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Adolescents With Severe Obesity, Yi-Jie Li, Brittney O Baumert, Nikos Stratakis, Jesse A Goodrich, Hao-Tian Wu, Jing-Xuan He, Yin-Qi Zhao, Max T Aung, Hong-Xu Wang, Sandrah P Eckel, Douglas I Walker, Damaskini Valvi, Michele A La Merrill, Justin R Ryder, Thomas H Inge, Todd Jenkins, Stephanie Sisley, Rohit Kohli, Stavra A Xanthakos, Andrea A Baccarelli, Rob Mcconnell, David V Conti, Lida Chatzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children and adolescents. NAFLD ranges in severity from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), wherein hepatocellular inflammation and/or fibrosis coexist with steatosis. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels have been suggested to be altered in NAFLD, but the extent to which miRNA are related to NAFLD features remains unknown. This analysis tested the hypothesis that plasma miRNAs are significantly associated with histological features of NAFLD in adolescents.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between plasma miRNA expression and NAFLD features among adolescents with NAFLD.

METHODS: This …

Pastoral Leaders’ Perception Of Obesity And Their Role Within Faith-Based Organizations, Darren D. Moore, Clinton E. Cooper, Charles Williams

The Qualitative Report

The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of pastoral leaders regarding obesity and health within faith-based organizations (FBOs). In this study, the authors focused on gaining additional insight regarding how pastoral leaders conceptualize and make sense of their roles in terms of health promotion within FBOs. Utilizing a qualitative research methodological approach, specifically Qualitative Description, authors administered a qualitative survey to 12 participants which yielded three emerging themes: (1) perceived scope, (2) understanding and use of resources, and (3) defining obesity through pastoral leaders’ perspectives. In the study, investigators discuss clinical implications and provide recommendations.

Modulation Of Diet-Induced Gut Inflammation In Slowing Initiation Of Hematologic Malignancies, Esther Nyarkoa Mensah

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The intestinal tract serves as a host to an extremely complex microbial system. Microbes in the gut regulate their metabolism in response to chemicals generated by other microorganisms as well as nutrition supply from dietary intake. Alterations in gut bacteria have been implicated in the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and the progression of diseases such as Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Although the cause of obesity is multifactorial, the consumption of high-fat or sugar-rich diets (Western diets) has been proposed as a significant contributor to this global epidemic. Obesity is a major public health concern that has been extensively …

Weighing The Mind: Cognitive And Emotional Influences On Weight Loss Maintenance In Obesity, Rachel Sochocki

Wayne State University Dissertations

Obesity is a multifaceted and complex disease. Weight loss in efforts to combat obesity often result in weight regain, posing a significant challenge to long-term weight management. This dissertation investigates the cognitive, emotional, and physiological factors contributing to weight loss maintenance, emphasizing the roles of eating behaviors, depressive symptoms, and inflammation. In a retrospective cohort study, data was collected on individuals enrolled in the Michigan Weight Management Program who consented to involvement in this research. The data was collected at baseline, post-weight loss (after 10% weight loss at 6 months), and on one-year and two-year follow-ups. The Yale Three Factor …

A Mindfulness Approach To Regulate Depressive-Associated Emotional Eating, Jillian G. Montefusco

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Background: Depression affects 350 to 500 million people globally, with depressive-associated emotional eating (DAEE) impacting approximately 43.5% of these individuals. Depressive-associated emotional eating contributes to obesity through poor dietary choices and weight gain, leading to the projection that by 2048 all United States citizens will be overweight or obese.

Local Problem: At a Chicago weight loss center, the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire screened 75 patients, revealing that 56% (N = 42) ate more during sadness, boredom, and loneliness, and 50.7% (N = 38) ate more during depression, indicating significant DAEE.

Methods: This quasi-experimental quality improvement project uses a pre- and post-evaluation …

Evaluating The Susceptibility Of The Lew.1wr1 Rat To Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance, And Masld : Is Fat10 The Key?, Quiana Claudette Wilkerson Vidal

Dissertations

Obesity is an epidemic that affects over 40% of adults in America. Obesity can be divided into metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obesity, with the latter being characterized by symptoms closely associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). What causes the transition from metabolically healthy to metabolically unhealthy obesity is not fully known. Further, it is unclear how this transition correlates with the onset of co-morbid conditions. We propose that Ubiquitin D (FAT10) may play a role in transitioning into a metabolically unhealthy state in response to obesity. This dissertation evaluated two main …

Action Apac: Understanding Perceptions, Attitudes And Behaviours In Obesity And Its Management Across South And Southeast Asia, Kwang Wei Tham, Asma Ahmed, Apussanee Boonyavarakul, Mariana Mercado Garcia, Miroslava Guajardo, Zubaidah Nor Hanipah, Tran Quang Nam, Nemencio A. Nicodemus, Faruque Pathan, Jack Garcia Uranga Romano, Sidartawan Soegonda, Edgardo L. Tolentino, Ambika Gopalakrishnan (A G) Unnikrishnan, Brian J. Oldfield

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

To identify perceptions and attitudes among people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) toward obesity and its management in nine Asia-Pacific (APAC) countries, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adult PwO with self-reported body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 (≥27 kg/m2, Singapore), and HCPs involved in direct patient care. In total, 10 429 PwO and 1901 HCPs completed the survey. Most PwO (68%) and HCPs (84%) agreed that obesity is a disease; however, a significant proportion of PwO (63%) and HCPs (41%) believed weight loss was the complete responsibility of PwO and only 43% of PwO discussed weight …

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Genetic Susceptibility, Shakil A. Saghir, Nicole Shams, Lianette Veliz, Saleh Alfuraih, Yadollah Omidi, Jaleh Barar, Ajay Sharma, Rais Ansari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The prevalence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is increasing, particularly in individuals who consume minimal to no alcohol. Currently, NAFLD affects at least 32% of the global population. Although not all but approximately 5-10% cases of NAFLD progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a condition arising from lipotoxicity. Patients with NASH may further develop liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is important to note that progression from NAFLD to NASH and HCC is not inevitable for all patients. The pathogenesis of HCC in the context of NAFLD and NASH remains poorly understood, however, fat accumulation, often due …

Dietary Intakes Of Branch Chained Amino Acids And Obesity Risk Among Chinese Gestational Diabetes Women, Xiaoyun Yang, Weiqin Li, Wei Li, Huikun Liu, Leishen Wang, Junhong Leng, Yuxin Fan, Xilin Yang, Ming Liu, Gang Hu

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Epidemiological studies have assessed the correlation between daily dietary branch chain amino acid (BCAA) intakes and the risk of obesity, however, the findings from these studies were inconsistent and investigations among GDM women were few. Objective: The present study was to investigate the associations of daily BCAA intakes with the risks of overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) postpartum. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,263 women with prior GDM at 1–5 years post-delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of daily dietary intakes of BCAAs with the risks …

Family Structure, Family Transitions, And Child Overweight And Obesity: Comparing Australia, The United Kingdom, And The United States, Sadie A. Slighting, Kirsten Rasmussen, Mikaela J. Dufur, Jonathan A. Jarvis, Shana Pribesh, Alyssa J. Alexander, Carolina Otero

STEMPS Faculty Publications

Growing rates of childhood obesity globally create concern for individuals' health outcomes and demands on health systems. While many policy approaches focus on macro-level interventions, we examine how the type of stability of a family structure might provide opportunities for policy interventions at the micro level. We examine the association between family structure trajectories and childhood overweight and obesity across three Anglophone countries using an expanded set of eight family structure categories that capture biological relationships and instability, along with potential explanatory variables that might vary across family trajectories and provide opportunities for intervention, including access to resources, family stressors, …

The Relationship Between Being Uninsured And Having Poor Health Outcomes And Experiences In Eastern Kentucky, Danielle Adams, Amber Todd

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To examine health insurance and health outcome disparities in Eastern Kentucky since Kentucky’s implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Methods: Using data from County Health Rankings and Roadmap, rates of uninsurance will be compared before and a decade after implementation of the ACA in Kentucky (2013 and 2023). In addition, prevalence of certain health outcomes in Eastern Kentucky will be compared from 2013 and 2023 and correlation established between uninsured rates and particular health outcomes for 2023. Results: Since 2013, the percentage of those uninsured in Eastern Kentucky has seen a significant decline. While there is no correlation between …

Adgrl1 Is A Glucose Receptor Involved In Mediating Energy And Glucose Homeostasis, Kavaljit H Chhabra, Siresha Bathina, Tumininu S Faniyan, Dennis J Samuel, Muhammad Ummear Raza, Leticia Maria De Souza Cordeiro, Gonzalo Viana Di Prisco, Brady K Atwood, Jorge Robles, Lauren Bainbridge, Autumn Davis

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The brain is a major consumer of glucose as an energy source and regulates systemic glucose as well as energy balance. Although glucose transporters such as GLUT2 and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) are known to regulate glucose homeostasis and metabolism, the identity of a receptor that binds glucose to activate glucose signalling pathways in the brain is unknown. In this study, we aimed to discover a glucose receptor in the mouse hypothalamus.

METHODS: Here we used a high molecular mass glucose-biotin polymer to enrich glucose-bound mouse hypothalamic neurons through cell-based affinity chromatography. We then subjected the enriched neurons to …

Effects Of Neonatal Estradiol Treatment On Regulating Sexual Differentiation Of Daily Rhythms Underlying Diet-Induced Obesity In Female Mice, Samuel Nwadialo

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Sex differences of the brain and behavior often require the combination of organizational and activational effects of sex hormones. The activational effects of estrogens in adult female mice protect daily eating and activity rhythms from disruption by high-fat diet feeding and inhibit diet-induced obesity. However, male mice have disrupted eating rhythms when fed high-fat diet and this causes obesity. Treatment of adult male mice with estradiol does not protect rhythms from disruption by high-fat diet, as it does in females. In this study, we sought to determine whether the organizational effects of estradiol masculinize the daily eating and activity rhythms …

The Delineation Of Platelet Pathology In Cardiometabolic Disease, Chi Peng

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with many comorbidities leading to multiorgan dysfunction. Current studies point towards dysregulation of platelet signaling as a driver for increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. The exact mechanisms remain elusive due to the complex interplay of factors involved, warranting the need to further understand how platelets are affected. Our preliminary data evaluating changes in platelet and coagulation parameters from bariatric patients showed that obesity did not affect platelet count or clotting time as demonstrated in INR values. However, female patients had increased bleeding events before surgery that were decreased after surgery. Due to limitations …

Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs In Texas, Thao Doan

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Primary Care Providers In Maintaining Weight Loss By Preventing Behavioral Relapse, Hayden R. Blanchard

Capstone Showcase

Supporting patients in optimizing health by treating obesity remains a relevant goal for primary care providers. While weight loss is frequently achieved with behavioral modification, maintaining weight loss by avoiding behavioral relapse is much more difficult. Patient may lose weight by reducing overall energy intake, incorporating intensive behavior change programs, utilizing pharmacotherapy as needed and, in certain cases, undergoing bariatric surgery. With a focus on behavior change and maintenance, primary care providers can support patients by planning more frequent follow up appointments, at least every one to three months. In these visits, PCPs can: focus on reenforcing lifestyle change principles …

The Effects Of Diet-Induced Obesity On Cerebral Microvascular Bioenergetics, Alec Anthony Hanshew

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic but is especially a concern in the United States with over 40% of the population being obese. Obesity is known to cause increased metabolic demand, systemic inflammation, peripheral vascular dysfunction, and increased levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the role of obesity on cerebrovascular bioenergetic function has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the impact of diet-induced obesity on cerebrovascular bioenergetics. 72, 6-month-old C57Bl/6 male and female mice were randomized into control and HFD groups. Control mice were subjected to the feeding of standard chow (18% fat, 24% …

Whole-Food Plant-Based Diet Impact On Chronic Disease Reversal, Veena Patel

Capstone Showcase

This article delves into the prevalence and costs associated with various chronic diseases, elucidates how adopting a whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet can effectively combat these ailments, and offers resources and guidance for healthcare providers to engage in discussions about WFPB diets with their patients. A WFPB diet centers around unprocessed, natural foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, while eschewing animal based products. This dietary regimen prioritizes nutrient-rich, plant-derived foods, favoring minimally processed options to enhance overall health and vitality. Its design is deliberate, offering a therapeutic approach to tackling chronic diseases and fostering recovery. By …

Predictors Of Obesity In Hypothyroid Patients Under Treatment, Mohamed Zakarya Nooh, Moustafa Mohammed Gaballah Elnagar, Mohammed Abd El-Raouf Korany, Raghda Samy Ahmed El-Meligy Matard, Moustafa Bakrey Hamed Ata

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objectives: to evaluate obesity and insulin resistance relation in treated hypothyroid patients attending Menoufia university hospital.

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from deficient secretion of thyroid hormone. Africa has the highest prevalence (14.2%) while Asia has the lowest prevalence (5.8%). “obesity” is a disease where body fat and body-fat distribution exceed the level considered healthy. Through the production of adipokines adipose tissue affects the activity of the Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis system. Insulin resistance and autoimmune thyroid disease have shown to influence each other.

Patient and methods: Our study included 254 Egyptian hypothyroid patients under treatment …

Macronutrient Intake In Us Adults: Race, Gender, Age, Education, Ana Karina Raygoza Cortez

Public Health Theses

Background: The US has seen a consistent increase in obesity rates over the last sixty years across all racial and ethnic groups, with similar trends even among privileged groups. This study examines Macronutrient intake trends in US adults from 1999-2018 and their association with demographic factors: race ethnicity, age, gender, and education.

Methods: We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis of US adults using 24-hour dietary recall data from 10 NHANES survey cycles (1999-2018). Piecewise regression models identified significant dietary pattern changes over time, by demographic groups. Statistical analysis was done in R and SAS utilizing NHANES sampling weights.

Results: Study …