Digital Commons Network^™

The International Student-Athlete Experience: A Research Study Into The Transition Process Of Isas, From Their Home Country Into Life As An Ncaa Student-Athlete, Ioanna Charitonidi, Anastasios Kaburakis

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

This article discusses a research study undertaken in order to better understand what the NCAA, institutions, administrators, and coaches can do in order to enhance the experiences of international student-athletes (ISAs). Quantitative and qualitative primary survey data was gathered from a sample of ISAs representing several countries and a wide range of sports. One of the key findings was that when provided with a platform from which to express their opinions, the respondents highlighted concerning issues such as discrimination, negligence, and a lack of support and/or guidance. Significant findings were also reached regarding steps to be taken in order to …

Electronic Arts’ College Videogames In The Name, Image, And Likeness Era, Ryan A. Buchanan

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Concept Of Amateurism: How The Term Became Part Of The College Sport Vernacular, Robert J. Romano Esq.

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Madness Of March: A Quantitative Look At Cinderella Stories In The Ncaa Division I Men’S Basketball Tournament, Joseph J. Fresco

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This study looked to determine if being classified as a Cinderella Story team in the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament, also known as March Madness, led to a statistically significant change in NCAA Division I men’s basketball spending for that team’s respective institution one, two, and three years after being labeled. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of men’s basketball spending on teams that are Cinderella Stories in the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament. It aims to understand how spending differs between athletic programs whose characteristics mirror those of Cinderella Stories and how expenses change before …

From Mission To Competition: The Experiences Of 10 Lds Missionary Student-Athletes Returning To Competition In The National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, Matthew J. Moore, Leslee A. Fisher, Lindsey A. Miossi, Zach T. Smith, Jacob C. Jensen,

Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies

The purpose of the current study was to explore the experiences of LDS missionary student-athletes returning to competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI). Using Consensual Qualitative Research methods (CQR; Hill, 2012) including a semi-structured interview guide, 10 DI student-athletes/returned LDS missionaries were interviewed regarding their experience (i.e., mean age of 25 years; baseball, cross-country/track and field, football, and swimming). A research team with five members constructed four domains and 16 categories representing DI student-athlete/returned LDS missionary chronological identity changes during this experience: (a) the development of an LDS missionary identity; (b) challenges associated with returning …

Can Nil Help Dissolve The Gender Inequities That Are Baked Into The Fabric Of The Ncaa Culture?, Ryan Cory

Transformations: Presentation Slides

The gender equity imbalance in college athletics has been an issue since the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) was formed in 1905 (Boninger, 2018). On July 1, 2021, the NCAA put together a NIL policy that all athletes across all divisions can benefit from their brands (Jessop & Sabin, 2021). The impact that NIL will bring to compensation between male and female student-athletes can compare to the impact that Title IX brought to female sports participation rates in 1972 (Staurowsky & Rhoads, 2020). The reasons deal with social media and how female student-athletes use it. Female student-athletes tend to be …

Prevalence And Differences Of Sport Concussion Symptoms And Severity Among Male And Female University Student Athletes, Tacey Howell, Kristen Mcalexander

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The prevalence of sport concussions continues to increase among university student athletes in the United States. Earlier methods of prevention, such as the Halo and modified football and hockey helmets, have not resulted in significantly fewer sport concussions. Further, even less is known about the differences between male and female university student athletes’ concussion symptoms and severity. PURPOSE: To measure sport concussion prevalence among university student athletes and compare the severity of self-reported symptoms among university male and female student athletes. METHODS: In the Fall of 2021, a modified version of the SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5^th Edition) …

How Name, Image And Likeness “Fit” In Sport Partnerships, Lane Wakefield, Kirk Wakefield, Jonathan A. Jensen, Greg Bennett

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Sponsorship opportunities in college athletics have shifted dramatically as athletes have rights to name, image and likeness (NIL). NIL assets, once illegal for college athletes, are prime avenues for brands to reach college sports fans, the largest and most avid sports fan base in the US (Dosh, 2021). Our purpose is to evaluate how these changes “fit” into the overall sponsorship landscape and what will come next. With the impact on brands, properties and consumers over time, we narrow our discussion around “fit,” the most prevalent factor in academic sponsorship research (Wakefield et al., 2020)

Show Me The Money! A Review Of Current Issues In The New Nil Era, Windy Dees, Beth Cianfrone, Damon Andrew

Journal of Applied Sport Management

On July 1^st, 2021, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) approved an interim policy that would allow college athletes in every state to monetize their name, image, and likeness (NIL). This meant student-athletes could accept money for sponsorships and endorsements and maintain their eligibility, which was previously prohibited by the intercollegiate sports governing body (The Athletic Staff, 2021). The change is positive for student-athletes and the brands looking to market through them and their active social media platforms, but it does not come without issues or challenges. The purpose of this study is to, (a) review the theory …

Nil “Reform” Fails To Address The Ncaa’S Biggest Issue, Richard Southall, Mark S. Nagel

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Do college sport stakeholders have the intellectual and moral courage to abandon the familiar and financially successful, but morally bankrupt and exploitative, collegiate model? The NIL "Reform," which effectively fails to address the NCAA's biggest issue, is explored in this article.

Hidden Consequences: Examining The Impact Of Nil On Athlete Well-Being, Hailey Harris, Natasha T. Brison, Marlene A. Dixon

Journal of Applied Sport Management

With the NCAA's NIL policy changes, many athletes will likely need to solve the issue of brand management, with many of them assuming the role themselves. Taking on this role will likely lead to even more investment in their athlete identity (i.e., role engulfment), which has negative consequences for the athlete (Hatteberg, 2020). Guided by the literature on role engulfment, this article investigates the hidden effects NIL may have on collegiate athletes and their well-being, along with various branding and legal implications.

College Athletics And Disseminating Sports Betting Data, Ryan Rodenberg

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The focus of this article is the interplay between college athletics and sports betting data dissemination, a near-future friction poised for litigation given concurrent issues involving name-image-likeness (NIL) rights and concentration of college sports via mega-conferences.

Thoughts On The Nil Era: An Introduction To The Special Issue, Marshall Magnusen

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The goal of this special issue is to inspire scholarship and spark conversation about NIL through a variety of “think pieces” from leading researchers. Sport scholars were invited to combine their expertise with creativity to craft compelling papers about NIL and how it may be interpreted through a variety of disciplinary lenses.

A Fistful Of Nil: Have We Entered A “Wild West” Recruiting Era?, Marshall Magnusen, Samuel Y. Todd

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Changes about the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) policy impacted the world of college sports in the summer of 2021. Emerging from the dust of this seismic event was an apparent new frontier for athletes, coaches, and universities to explore. In the eyes of many, college sports had now entered a “Wild West” frontier because of NIL, especially as it pertains to recruiting athletes. But what does that really mean, “Wild West”? And further, if such a comparison is at least somewhat accurate, are there lessons that can be learned from other sectors who likewise …

Reframing The Collegiate Facilities Arms Race: The Looming Impact Of Nil And Conference Realignment, Jeffrey Petersen, Lawrence W. Judge

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Amidst the backdrop of an ongoing global pandemic, the summer of 2021 brought forth two events teetering the Division I college sport landscape at the precipice of unprecedented change due to two fundamental shifts: the first being the opening of revenue streams to collegiate athletes through use of name, image and likeness (NIL), and the second being the latest round of athletic conference realignment. With the impacts of these changes just beginning to be manifested, it is important to consider how these potentially seismic shifts in the collegiate landscape may influence existing issues of prior scholarly examination as well as …

Mcwhorter Earns Cosida Academic All-American Honors, Georgia Southern University

Athletics: News & Publications

• McWhorter Earns CoSIDA Academic All-American Honors

The Emergence Of Esports Through The Last Five Years, Jordan Donald

Honors Theses

Esports has been a significant new topic over the past decade but their place in the sports industry has not been specifically defined over the years. The birth of what we know as Esports came upon us in 1972 and has only had exponentially grown in the success it has had over the past fifty years. It all started with a popular little arcade game that is still played to this day, Space Invaders. Space Invaders has evolved over the years, laying the foundation and the blueprint for success for companies to follow. Esports easily had a drastic take off …

“The Lifeblood Of College Sports”: The Ncaa’S Dominant Institutional Logic And The Byproducts Of An (Over)Emphasis On Recruiting, Chris Corr

Theses and Dissertations

In big-time college football, successful recruiting is the foundation on which winning programs stand. Power-5 football and men’s basketball operate under a dominant institutional logic that values generating revenue above all else. Winning generates revenue and, accordingly, Power-5 stakeholders are often engulfed in their unique athletic roles. The system propagates adherence to a singular focus that emphasizes winning and revenue generation. This dominant institutional logic governing big-time college football has been dubbed jock capitalism (Southall & Nagel, 2009). While prominent theorists have analyzed college sports through an institutional logic perspective, a systematic examination of the Power-5 football recruiting process has …

Brief Of Amici Curiae 65 Professors Of Law, Business, Economics, And Sports Management In Support Of Respondents, Chris Sagers, Michael A. Carrier, Lisa M. Geary

Law Faculty Briefs and Court Documents

The Alston plaintiffs are college athletes who successfully challenged the NCAA's "amateurism" rules, convincing the lower courts that the rules should be modestly relaxed to limit their effect on competition for athletic talent. Nearly 60 professors of law, business, and economics from around the country joined the brief.

Gender Differences In Ncaa Non-Revenue Sports: An Examination Of Men’S And Women’S Soccer Coaching Salaries, David Eaton, Martin Milkman

Faculty & Staff Research and Creative Activity

This paper examines the determinants of head coaching salaries in men’s and women’s collegiate soccer. Both of these sports are considered non-revenue sports, and thus differences in sports revenues should not impact coaching salaries. We analyze salaries of head coaches in these sports to determine if i) coaches in women’s soccer earn systematically less than coaches of men’s soccer, and ii) whether there is a difference in salaries between male and female coaches of women’s soccer. We find that salaries for coaches of women’s soccer are lower than those for men’s soccer. We also find that there is no statistically …

A Losing Mentality: An Analysis Of The Duty Owed By Universities To Provide Their Student-Athletes With Mental Health Services, Marnae Mawdsley

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Pilot Study On The Retention And Turnover Of Ncaa Division Ii Sports Information Directors, David Albrecht

Leadership Education Capstones

This study reports on sports information directors (SID) at the collegiate level limited to NCAA Division II athletic programs. An online survey was used for all participants, and select respondents completed follow-up interviews. Surveys were intended to determine the impact of work-life balance and overall workload of the SID role. Survey questions sought to find perceptions of SIDs by athletic administrators, including the athletic director (AD), and if their role provided opportunities for career advancement within collegiate athletic administration. The results of the study showed that institution/department culture, family, and professional growth factored heavily on retention. Adversely, turnover was linked …

Up, Down, And All-Around: The Swirling-Transfer Collegiate Athlete Experience, Ethan Swingle, Cristobal Salinas

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

Intercollegiate athletics have become an integral part of campus life (Denhart, Villwock, & Vedder, 2010; Mixon & Trevino, 2005; Shulman & Bowen, 2001), and have grown exponentially in the resources universities put forth to participate in this extracurricular activity (Clotfelter, 2011). One of the biggest evolutions of intercollegiate athletics has been the collegiate athlete transfer phenomenon (Cooper & Hawkins, 2014); however, little research has been conducted on transfer collegiate athletes, or the transfer collegiate athlete experience. As such, the purpose of this instrumental case study was to discover and describe the experiences and perceptions of swirling-transfer collegiate athletes at Athletic …

Voiding The Ncaa Show-Cause Penalty: Analysis And Ramifications Of A California Court Decision And Where College Athletics And Show-Cause Penalties Go From Here, Josh Lens

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

In late 2018, a Los Angeles County Superior Court judge sent shockwaves through college athletics by ruling that the NCAA’s Committee on Infractions (“COI”) unlawfully restrained now-former University of Southern California (“USC”) assistant football coach Todd McNair’s career when it imposed a “show-cause” penalty on him. Judge Frederick Shaller therefore declared NCAA show-cause penalties void under California employment law.

For decades, the COI has utilized show-cause penalties to punish individuals who break NCAA rules. Reserved for more egregious violations, universities and administrators long treated show-cause orders as scarlet letters, typically terminating or refusing to hire coaches subject to them. That …

Student-Athletes At An Historically Black University (Hbu): Examining The Relationship Between Student-Engagement On Campus And Career Situation Awareness, Gregg Rich, Kenneth Kungu, Ali Boolani

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between student-athletes’ engagement experiences on campus and their career situation awareness at an historically Black university (HBU) in the Southeastern United States with NCAA Division I affiliation. Data was obtained from a sample (n = 118) of female (n= 45) and male (n = 73) student-athletes using measures from the revised versions of the Student-Athlete Experiences Inventory (SAEI) and the Student-Athlete Career Situation Inventory (SACSI). One-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation tests, and t-tests were employed to analyze gender, race, year classification, and sport played effects. Following data analysis, three …

Women's Basketball Adds Deont'a Mcchester As Assistant Coach/Recruiting Coordinator, Georgia Southern University

Athletics: News & Publications

• Women's Basketball Adds Deont'a McChester As Assistant Coach/Recruiting Coordinator

Alarmingly Low Number Of Women Coaches In College Basketball, Fletcher Brown Ma

All Student Scholarship

This research aimed to clarify the state of women in coaching in the U.S. The findings point at the very low number of women in positions of coaching and leadership at the highest levels of basketball in the United States, which include NCAA Division 1, the NBA and the WNBA. Women coached just over 50% of NCAA Division 1 collegiate basketball women’s teams; and with over 350 Division 1 teams, it is sad to see only about half of those women’s teams being coached by women. Out of the 30 NBA teams with an average of five or six coaches …

Exploring Career Maturity: A Comparison Of Student-Athletes And Non-Athletes At A Division I Institution, Walter Tarver, Iii

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This quantitative study compared the career maturity of student-athletes and non-athletes at a Division I university, and assessed career maturity differences among student-athletes. Super’s Theory of Career Development served as the theoretical framework, while the Career Maturity Inventory-Revised Attitude Scale (CMI-R/AS) was utilized to collect data. Student-athletes were found to exhibit lower levels of career maturity than non-athletes. Among student-athletes, males scored lower on career maturity than females. Additionally, those identifying more closely with their athletic identities, those with higher aspirations to play professional sports, those with stronger beliefs in the likelihood that they would play professional sports, and those …

The Ncaa’S Transfer Rules: An Antitrust Analysis, Roger D. Blair, Wenche Wang

UF Law Faculty Publications

In Deppe v. National Collegiate Athletic Association, the Seventh Circuit accepted the NCAA’s argument that its transfer rules are presumptively procompetitive. It also approved the NCAA’s no-poaching agreement. This Article analyzes these NCAA-imposed restraints and finds them inconsistent with current antitrust policy.

Forecasting Issues In Ncaa Division I Fbs Athletics, James T. Morton, Donna L. Pastore

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and its member institutions have been faced with significant changes in the recent past. This study was used to predict issues, caused by some of these changes, which will impact leaders of NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) athletic departments over the next five to seven years. The Delphi technique was employed to obtain expert opinions for the forecast. The expert panel consisted of sport management faculty who were surveyed over three rounds to determine what issues were likely to occur and whether or not those issues would have a significant impact. The …