Digital Commons Network^™

Limited Effects Of Long-Term Daily Cranberry Consumption On The Gut Microbiome In A Placebo-Controlled Study Of Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections, Timothy J Straub, Wen-Chi Chou, Abigail L Manson, Henry L Schreiber 4th, Bruce J Walker, Christopher A Desjardins, Sinéad B Chapman, Kerrie L Kaspar, Orsalem J Kahsai, Elizabeth Traylor, Karen W Dodson, Meredith A J Hullar, Scott J Hultgren, Christina Khoo, Ashlee M Earl

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 15 million women each year in the United States, with > 20% experiencing frequent recurrent UTIs. A recent placebo-controlled clinical trial found a 39% reduction in UTI symptoms among recurrent UTI sufferers who consumed a daily cranberry beverage for 24 weeks. Using metagenomic sequencing of stool from a subset of these trial participants, we assessed the impact of cranberry consumption on the gut microbiota, a reservoir for UTI-causing pathogens such as Escherichia coli, which causes > 80% of UTIs.

RESULTS: The overall taxonomic composition, community diversity, carriage of functional pathways and gene families, and relative abundances …

Patient Experience With Ner1006 As A Bowel Preparation For Colonoscopy: A Prospective, Multicenter Us Survey, Brooks D Cash, Mary Beth C Moncrief, Michael S Epstein, David M Poppers

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: NER1006 (Plenvu

METHODS: Adults were recruited from 444 US community gastrointestinal practices and provided a kit number for enrollment into an online survey to be completed within 2 weeks. Survey questions evaluated colonoscopy history and prior bowel preparation(s) prescribed, patient experience during NER1006 administration, and patient satisfaction with the bowel preparation process. A 9-point predefined grading scale was used to evaluate ease of NER1006 preparation and consumption (range, 1 "very difficult" to 9 "very easy"); the perceived importance of volume requirement and clear liquid options (range, 1 "not important at all" to 9 "very important"); and patient satisfaction (range, …

Targeting Nsd2-Mediated Src-3 Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Sensitizes Bortezomib Treatment In Multiple Myeloma, Jing Liu, Ying Xie, Jing Guo, Xin Li, Jingjing Wang, Hongmei Jiang, Ziyi Peng, Jingya Wang, Sheng Wang, Qian Li, Linquan Ye, Yuping Zhong, Qiguo Zhang, Xiaozhi Liu, David M Lonard, Jin Wang, Bert W O'Malley, Zhiqiang Liu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Development of chemoresistance is the main reason for failure of clinical management of multiple myeloma (MM), but the genetic and epigenetic aberrations that interact to confer such chemoresistance remains unknown. In the present study, we find that high steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) expression is correlated with relapse/refractory and poor outcomes in MM patients treated with bortezomib (BTZ)-based regimens. Furthermore, in immortalized cell lines, high SRC-3 enhances resistance to proteasome inhibitor (PI)-induced apoptosis. Overexpressed histone methyltransferase NSD2 in patients bearing a t(4;14) translocation or in BTZ-resistant MM cells coordinates elevated SRC-3 by enhancing its liquid-liquid phase separation to supranormally modify histone …

Bax 335 Hemophilia B Gene Therapy Clinical Trial Results: Potential Impact Of Cpg Sequences On Gene Expression, Barbara A Konkle, Christopher E Walsh, Miguel A Escobar, Neil C Josephson, Guy Young, Annette Von Drygalski, Scott W J Mcphee, R Jude Samulski, Ivan Bilic, Maurus De La Rosa, Birgit M Reipert, Hanspeter Rottensteiner, Friedrich Scheiflinger, John C Chapin, Bruce Ewenstein, Paul E Monahan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Gene therapy has the potential to maintain therapeutic blood clotting factor IX (FIX) levels in patients with hemophilia B by delivering a functional human F9 gene into liver cells. This phase 1/2, open-label dose-escalation study investigated BAX 335 (AskBio009, AAV8.sc-TTR-FIXR338Lopt), an adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8)-based FIX Padua gene therapy, in patients with hemophilia B. This report focuses on 12-month interim analyses of safety, pharmacokinetic variables, effects on FIX activity, and immune responses for dosed participants. Eight adult male participants (aged 20-69 years; range FIX activity, 0.5% to 2.0%) received 1 of 3 BAX 335 IV doses: 2.0 × 1011; …

Association Of Nt-Probnp, Blood Pressure, And Cardiovascular Events: The Aric Study, Aliza Hussain, Wensheng Sun, Anita Deswal, James A De Lemos, John W Mcevoy, Ron C Hoogeveen, Kunihiro Matsushita, David Aguilar, Biykem Bozkurt, Salim S Virani, Amil M Shah, Elizabeth Selvin, Chiadi Ndumule, Christie M Ballantyne, Vijay Nambi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Although intensive blood pressure reduction has cardiovascular benefits, the absolute benefit is greater in those at higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) helps identify subjects at higher risk for CVD events across systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), or pulse pressure (PP) categories.

METHODS: Participants from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study visit 4 (1996 to 98) were grouped according to SBP, DBP, or PP categories and further stratified by NT-proBNP categories. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for incident CVD (coronary heart disease, …

Efficacy And Safety Of The Mrna-1273 Sars-Cov-2 Vaccine, Lindsey R Baden, Hana M El Sahly, Brandon Essink, Karen Kotloff, Sharon Frey, Rick Novak, David Diemert, Stephen A Spector, Nadine Rouphael, C Buddy Creech, John Mcgettigan, Shishir Khetan, Nathan Segall, Joel Solis, Adam Brosz, Carlos Fierro, Howard Schwartz, Kathleen Neuzil, Larry Corey, Peter Gilbert, Holly Janes, Dean Follmann, Mary Marovich, John Mascola, Laura Polakowski, Julie Ledgerwood, Barney S Graham, Hamilton Bennett, Rolando Pajon, Conor Knightly, Brett Leav, Weiping Deng, Honghong Zhou, Shu Han, Melanie Ivarsson, Jacqueline Miller, Tal Zaks, Cove Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Vaccines are needed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and to protect persons who are at high risk for complications. The mRNA-1273 vaccine is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine that encodes the prefusion stabilized full-length spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Covid-19.

METHODS: This phase 3 randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at 99 centers across the United States. Persons at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection or its complications were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two intramuscular injections of mRNA-1273 (100 μg) or placebo 28 days apart. …

Seroprevalence Of Sars-Cov-2 Antibodies In Children And Adults In St. Louis, Missouri, Usa, Brittany K Smith, Andrew B Janowski, Jonathan E Danis, Ian B Harvey, Haiyan Zhao, Ya-Nan Dai, Christopher W Farnsworth, Ann M Gronowski, Stephen Roper, Daved H Fremont, David Wang

Open Access Publications

Reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts likely underestimate the true prevalence because mild or asymptomatic cases often go untested. Here, we use a sero-survey to estimate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the St. Louis, MO, metropolitan area in a symptom-independent manner. Five hundred three adult and 555 pediatric serum/plasma samples were collected from patients presenting to Barnes-Jewish Hospital or St. Louis Children's Hospital between 14 April 2020 and 12 May 2020. We developed protocols for in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using spike and nucleoprotein and used the assays to estimate …

Risk Stratification Among Survivors Of Cardiac Arrest Considered For Coronary Angiography., Ahmed A Harhash, Teresa L May, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Sachin Agarwal, David B Seder, Michael R Mooney, Nainesh C. Patel Md, John Mcpherson, Paul Mcmullan, Richard Riker, Eldar Soreide, Karen G Hirsch, Pascal Stammet, Alison Dupont, Sten Rubertsson, Hans Friberg, Niklas Nielsen, Tanveer Rab, Karl B Kern

Cardiology Division

BACKGROUND: The American College of Cardiology Interventional Council published consensus-based recommendations to help identify resuscitated cardiac arrest patients with unfavorable clinical features in whom invasive procedures are unlikely to improve survival.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to identify how many unfavorable features are required before prognosis is significantly worsened and which features are most impactful in predicting prognosis.

METHODS: Using the INTCAR (International Cardiac Arrest Registry), the impact of each proposed "unfavorable feature" on survival to hospital discharge was individually analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association of such unfavorable features with poor outcomes.

RESULTS: Seven unfavorable features (of …

Association Of Long-Term Trajectories Of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status With Weight Change In Older Adults, Dong Zhang, Cici Bauer, Tiffany Powell-Wiley, Qian Xiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Studying long-term changes in neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) may help to better understand the associations between neighborhood exposure and weight outcomes and provide evidence supporting neighborhood interventions. Little previous research has been done to examine associations between neighborhood SES and weight loss, a risk factor associated with poor health outcomes in the older population.

OBJECTIVE: to determine whether improvements in neighborhood SES are associated with reduced likelihoods of excessive weight gain and excessive weight loss and whether declines are associated with increased likelihoods of these weight outcomes.

DESIGN, STUDY, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was conducted using data from …

Flortaucipir (Tau) Pet In Lgi1 Antibody Encephalitis, Gregory S Day, Brian A Gordon, Austin Mccullough, Robert C Bucelli, Richard J Perrin, Tammie L S Benzinger, Beau M Ances

Open Access Publications

The contributors to persistent cognitive impairment and hippocampal atrophy in leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis (LGI1) patients are unknown. We evaluated whether tau neuropathology measured with [

Prediction Model For Freedom From Tlr From A Multi-Study Analysis Of Long-Term Results With The Zilver Ptx Drug-Eluting Peripheral Stent., Michael D Dake, Fabrizio Fanelli, Aaron E Lottes, Erin E O'Leary, Heidi Reichert, Xiaohui Jiang, Weiguo Fu, Osamu Iida, Kan Zen, Marc Schermerhorn, Thomas Zeller, Gary M Ansel

Heart and Vascular Articles

PURPOSE: Develop a prediction model to determine the impact of patient and lesion factors on freedom from target lesion revascularization (ffTLR) for patients who are candidates for Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent (DES) treatment for femoropopliteal lesions.

METHODS: Patient factors, lesion characteristics, and TLR results from five global studies were utilized for model development. Factors potentially associated with TLR (sex, age, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, smoking status, Rutherford classification, lesion length, reference vessel diameter (RVD), popliteal involvement, total occlusion, calcification severity, prior interventions, and number of runoff vessels) were analyzed in a Cox proportional hazards model. Probability of ffTLR was …

Decoding Visual Information From High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography Neuroimaging Data, Kalyan Tripathy, Zachary E Markow, Andrew K Fishell, Arefeh Sherafati, Tracy M Burns-Yocum, Mariel L Schroeder, Alexandra M Svoboda, Adam T Eggebrecht, Mark A Anastasio, Bradley L Schlaggar, Joseph P Culver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Neural decoding could be useful in many ways, from serving as a neuroscience research tool to providing a means of augmented communication for patients with neurological conditions. However, applications of decoding are currently constrained by the limitations of traditional neuroimaging modalities. Electrocorticography requires invasive neurosurgery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is too cumbersome for uses like daily communication, and alternatives like functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offer poor image quality. High-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) is an emerging modality that uses denser optode arrays than fNIRS to combine logistical advantages of optical neuroimaging with enhanced image quality. Despite the resulting promise …

Clinical Validation Of Combinatorial Pharmacogenomic Testing And Single-Gene Guidelines In Predicting Psychotropic Medication Blood Levels And Clinical Outcomes In Patients With Depression, Anthony J Rothschild, Charles R Conway, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We evaluated the clinical validity of a combinatorial pharmacogenomic test and single-gene Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines against patient outcomes and medication blood levels to assess their ability to inform prescribing in major depressive disorder (MDD). This is a secondary analysis of the Genomics Used to Improve DEpression Decisions (GUIDED) randomized-controlled trial, which included patients with a diagnosis of MDD, and ≥1 prior medication failure. The ability to predict increased/decreased medication metabolism was validated against blood levels at screening (adjusted for age, sex, smoking status). The ability of predicted gene-drug interactions (pharmacogenomic test) or therapeutic recommendations (single-gene guidelines) to …

Social Distancing During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Quantifying The Practice In Michigan - A "Hotspot State" Early In The Pandemic - Using A Volunteer-Based Online Survey, Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow, Mohammed Baseer, Karen E. Klippen, Albert M. Levin, Jia Li, Ian Loveless, Laila M. Poisson, Lonni Schultz, Ganesa Wegienka, Yueren Zhou, Christine C. Johnson

Public Health Sciences Articles

BACKGROUND: Public Health policies related to social distancing efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic helped slow the infection rate. However, individual-level factors associated with social distancing are largely unknown. We sought to examine social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan, an infection "hotspot" state in the United States early in the pandemic.

METHODS: Two surveys were distributed to Michigan residents via email lists and social media following COVID-19 related state mandates in March; 45,691 adults responded to the first survey and 8512 to the second. Staying home ≥ 3 out of 5 previous days defined having more social distancing. Logistic …

Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Of Muscle Weakness Identifies 15 Susceptibility Loci In Older Men And Women, Garan Jones, Katerina Trajanoska, Adam J Santanasto, Najada Stringa, Chia-Ling Kuo, Janice L Atkins, Joshua R Lewis, Thuyvy Duong, Shengjun Hong, Mary L Biggs, Jian'an Luan, Chloe Sarnowski, Kathryn L Lunetta, Toshiko Tanaka, Mary K Wojczynski, Ryan Cvejkus, Maria Nethander, Sahar Ghasemi, Jingyun Yang, M Carola Zillikens, Stefan Walter, Kamil Sicinski, Erika Kague, Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell, Dan E Arking, B Gwen Windham, Eric Boerwinkle, Megan L Grove, Misa Graff, Dominik Spira, Ilja Demuth, Nathalie Van Der Velde, Lisette C P G M De Groot, Bruce M Psaty, Michelle C Odden, Alison E Fohner, Claudia Langenberg, Nicholas J Wareham, Stefania Bandinelli, Natasja M Van Schoor, Martijn Huisman, Qihua Tan, Joseph Zmuda, Dan Mellström, Magnus Karlsson, David A Bennett, Aron S Buchman, Philip L De Jager, Andre G Uitterlinden, Uwe Völker, Thomas Kocher, Alexander Teumer, Leocadio Rodriguéz-Mañas, Francisco J García, José A Carnicero, Pamela Herd, Lars Bertram, Claes Ohlsson, Joanne M Murabito, David Melzer, George A Kuchel, Luigi Ferrucci, David Karasik, Fernando Rivadeneira, Douglas P Kiel, Luke C Pilling

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Low muscle strength is an important heritable indicator of poor health linked to morbidity and mortality in older people. In a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 256,523 Europeans aged 60 years and over from 22 cohorts we identify 15 loci associated with muscle weakness (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People definition: n = 48,596 cases, 18.9% of total), including 12 loci not implicated in previous analyses of continuous measures of grip strength. Loci include genes reportedly involved in autoimmune disease (HLA-DQA1 p = 4 × 10

"It's Way More Than Just Writing A Prescription": A Qualitative Study Of Preferences For Integrated Versus Non-Integrated Treatment Models Among Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder, Elizabeth C Saunders, Sarah K Moore, Olivia Walsh, Stephen A Metcalf, Alan J Budney, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, Emily Scherer, Lisa A Marsch

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Increasingly, treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is offered in integrated treatment models addressing both substance use and other health conditions within the same system. This often includes offering medications for OUD in general medical settings. It remains uncertain whether integrated OUD treatment models are preferred to non-integrated models, where treatment is provided within a distinct treatment system. This study aimed to explore preferences for integrated versus non-integrated treatment models among people with OUD and examine what factors may influence preferences.

METHODS: This qualitative study recruited participants (n = 40) through Craigslist advertisements and flyers posted in treatment programs …

An Economic And Disease Transmission Model Of Human Papillomavirus And Oropharyngeal Cancer In Texas, Chengxue Zhong, Li Xu, Ho-Lan Peng, Samantha Tam, Li Xu, Kristina R Dahlstrom, Chi-Fang Wu, Shuangshuang Fu, Wenyaw Chan, Erich M Sturgis, Lois M Ramondetta, Libin Rong, David R Lairson, Hongyu Miao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In 2017, 46,157 and 3,127 new oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) cases were reported in the U.S. and Texas, respectively. About 70% of OPC were attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV). However, only 51% of U.S. and 43.5% of Texas adolescents have completed the HPV vaccine series. Therefore, modeling the demographic dynamics and transmission of HPV and OPC progression is needed for accurate estimation of the economic and epidemiological impacts of HPV vaccine in a geographic area. An age-structured population dynamic model was developed for the U.S. state of Texas. With Texas-specific model parameters calibrated, this model described the dynamics of HPV-associated OPC …

Houston Hurricane Harvey Health (Houston-3h) Study: Assessment Of Allergic Symptoms And Stress After Hurricane Harvey Flooding, Abiodun O Oluyomi, Kristen Panthagani, Jesus Sotelo, Xiangjun Gu, Georgina Armstrong, Dan Na Luo, Kristi L Hoffman, Diana Rohlman, Lane Tidwell, Winifred J Hamilton, Elaine Symanski, Kimberly Anderson, Joseph F Petrosino, Cheryl Lyn Walker, Melissa Bondy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey caused unprecedented flooding across the greater Houston area. Given the potential for widespread flood-related exposures, including mold and sewage, and the emotional and mental toll caused by the flooding, we sought to evaluate the short- and long-term impact of flood-related exposures on the health of Houstonians. Our objectives were to assess the association of flood-related exposures with allergic symptoms and stress among Houston-area residents at two time points: within approximately 30 days (T1) and 12 months (T2) after Hurricane Harvey's landfall.

METHODS: The Houston Hurricane Harvey Health (Houston-3H) Study enrolled a total of 347 …

The Circadian Cryptochrome, Cry1, Is A Pro-Tumorigenic Factor That Rhythmically Modulates Dna Repair., Ayesha A Shafi, Chris M Mcnair, Jennifer J Mccann, Mohammed Alshalalfa, Anton Shostak, Tesa M Severson, Yanyun Zhu, Andre Bergman, Nicolas Gordon, Amy C Mandigo, Saswati N Chand, Peter Gallagher, Emanuela Dylgjeri, Talya S Laufer, Irina A Vasilevskaya, Matthew J Schiewer, Michael Brunner, Felix Y Feng, Wilbert Zwart, Karen E Knudsen

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Mechanisms regulating DNA repair processes remain incompletely defined. Here, the circadian factor CRY1, an evolutionally conserved transcriptional coregulator, is identified as a tumor specific regulator of DNA repair. Key findings demonstrate that CRY1 expression is androgen-responsive and associates with poor outcome in prostate cancer. Functional studies and first-in-field mapping of the CRY1 cistrome and transcriptome reveal that CRY1 regulates DNA repair and the G2/M transition. DNA damage stabilizes CRY1 in cancer (in vitro, in vivo, and human tumors ex vivo), which proves critical for efficient DNA repair. Further mechanistic investigation shows that stabilized CRY1 temporally regulates expression of genes required …

Relationship Between Clinicopathologic Factors And Fdg Avidity In Radioiodine-Negative Recurrent Or Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, Le Ngoc Ha, Amir Iravani, Nguyen Thi Nhung, Ngo Thi Minh Hanh, Febby Hutomo, Mai Hong Son

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinicopathologic factors, BRAF

METHODS: From 2015 to 2018 all patients with suspected recurrent or metastatic radioiodine-negative DTC patients who underwent FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were retrospectively reviewed. Suspected lesions on FDG PET/CT were biopsied and underwent BRAF

RESULTS: Sixty-three consecutive patients, 55 (87.3%) female, with median age of 48 (range 17-81) were included. The majority of patients had BRAF

CONCLUSION: The majority of recurrent or metastatic RAI-negative DTC have BRAF

Molecular Characterization Of Cryptosporidium Spp. From Humans In Ethiopia, Ambachew W. Hailu, Abraham Degarege, Haileeyesus Adamu, Damien Costa, Venceslas Villier, Abdelmounaim Mouhajir, Loic Favennec, Romy Razakandrainibe, Beyene Petros

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Data on the distribution and genotype of Cryptosporidium species is limited in Ethiopia. This study examined the presence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium species circulating in Ethiopian human population. Stool samples collected from patients who visited rural (n = 94) and urban (n = 93) health centers in Wurgissa and Hawassa district, respectively, were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using microscopy, nested PCR and real-time PCR. To detect infection with PCR, analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA was performed. Subtyping was performed by sequencing a fragment of GP60 gene. The overall prevalence of infection was 46% (n = 86) …

Investigation Of A Sars-Cov-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant Cluster - Nebraska, November-December 2021, Lauren Jansen, Bryan Tegomoh, Kate Lange, Kimberly Showalter, Jon Figliomeni, Baha Abdalhamid, Peter C. Iwen, Joseph R. Fauver, Bryan Buss, Matthew Donahue

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) was first detected in specimens collected on November 11, 2021, in Botswana and on November 14 in South Africa;* the first confirmed case of Omicron in the United States was identified in California on December 1, 2021 (1). On November 29, the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services was notified of six probable cases^† of COVID-19 in one household, including one case in a man aged 48 years (the index patient) who had recently returned from Nigeria. Given the patient's travel history, Omicron infection was suspected. Specimens …

In-Hospital Postoperative Mortality Rates For Selected Procedures In Tanzania's Lake Zone., Taylor Wurdeman, Christopher Strader, Shehnaz Alidina, David Barash, Isabelle Citron, Ntuli Kapologwe, Erastus Maina, Fabian Massaga, Adelina Mazhiqi, John G. Meara, Gopal Menon, Cheri Reynolds, Meaghan Sydlowski, John Varallo, Sarah Maongezi, Mpoki Ulisubisya

Project ECHO Bibliography

BACKGROUND: Postoperative mortality rate is one of six surgical indicators identified by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery for monitoring access to high-quality surgical care. The primary aim of this study was to measure the postoperative mortality rate in Tanzania's Lake Zone to provide a baseline for surgical strengthening efforts. The secondary aim was to measure the effect of Safe Surgery 2020, a multi-component intervention to improve surgical quality, on postoperative mortality after 10 months.

METHODS: We prospectively collected data on postoperative mortality from 20 health centers, district hospitals, and regional hospitals in Tanzania's Lake Zone over two time periods: …

Latent Traits Of Lung Tissue Patterns In Former Smokers Derived By Dual Channel Deep Learning In Computed Tomography Images, Frank Li, Jiwoong Choi, Chunrui Zou, John D. Newell, Alejandro P. Comellas, Chang Hyun Lee, Hongseok Ko, R. Graham Barr, Eugene R. Bleecker, Christopher B. Cooper, Fereidoun Abtin, Igor Barjaktarevic, David Couper, Meilan Han, Nadia N. Hansel, Richard E. Kanner, Robert Paine, Ella A. Kazerooni, Fernando J. Martinez, Wanda O'Neal, Stephen I. Rennard, Benjamin M. Smith, Prescott G. Woodruff, Eric A. Hoffman, Ching-Long Lin

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease and the traditional variables extracted from computed tomography (CT) images may not be sufficient to describe all the topological features of lung tissues in COPD patients. We employed an unsupervised three-dimensional (3D) convolutional autoencoder (CAE)-feature constructor (FC) deep learning network to learn from CT data and derive tissue pattern-clusters jointly. We then applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to discover the unobserved latent traits (factors) among pattern-clusters. CT images at total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) of 541 former smokers and 59 healthy non-smokers from the cohort of the SubPopulations …

Long-Term Assessment Of The Effects Of Covid-19 And Isolation Care On Survivor Disability And Anxiety, David Brett-Major, David S. Cates, James V. Lawler, Chad Vokoun, Angela L. Hewlett, Daniel W. Johnson, Elizabeth R. Schnaubelt, Michael C. Wadman, Christopher J. Kratochvil, M. Jana Broadhurst

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

We conducted an assessment of disability, anxiety, and other life impacts of COVID-19 and isolation care in a unique cohort of individuals. These included both community admissions to a university hospital as well as some of the earliest international aeromedical evacuees. Among an initial 16 COVID-19 survivors that were interviewed 6-12 months following their admission into isolation care, perception of their isolation care experience was related to their reporting of long-term consequences. However, anxiety and disability assessed with standard scores had no relationship with each other. Both capture of the isolation care experience and caution relying on single scoring systems …

Performance Of An Affordable Urine Self-Sampling Method For Human Papillomavirus Detection In Mexican Women, Rubí Hernández-López, Luis Hermosillo, Leith León-Maldonado, Rafael Velázquez-Cruz, Leticia Torres-Ibarra, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Attila Lörincz, Cosette M. Wheeler, F Xavier Bosch, Jack Cuzick, Berenice Rivera-Paredez, Belinda Nedjai, Jorge Salmerón

Pathology Research and Scholarship

INTRODUCTION: Urine self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical cancer screening is a non-invasive method that offers several logistical advantages and high acceptability, reducing barriers related to low screening coverage. This study developed and evaluated the performance of a low-cost urine self-sampling method for HPV-testing and explored the acceptability and feasibility of potential implementation of this alternative in routine screening.

METHODS: A series of sequential laboratory assays examined the impact of several pre-analytical conditions for obtaining DNA from urine and subsequent HPV detection. Initially, we assessed the effect of ethylaminediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a DNA preservative examining several variables including EDTA …

Lying In Wait: The Resurgence Of Dengue Virus After The Zika Epidemic In Brazil, Anderson Fernandes Brito, Lais Ceschini Machado, Rachel J. Oidtman, Márcio Junio Lima Siconelli, Quan Minh Tran, Joseph R. Fauver, Rodrigo Dias De Oliveira Carvalho, Filipe Zimmer Dezordi, Mylena Ribeiro Pereira, Luiza Antunes De Castro-Jorge, Elaine Cristina Manini Minto, Luzia Márcia Romanholi Passos, Chaney C. Kalinich, Mary E. Petrone, Emma Allen, Guido Camargo España, Angkana T. Huang, Derek A. T. Cummings, Guy Baele, Rafael Freitas Oliveira Franca, Benedito Antônio Lopes Da Fonseca, T. Alex Perkins, Gabriel Luz Wallau, Nathan D. Grubaugh

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

After the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas in 2016, both Zika and dengue incidence declined to record lows in many countries in 2017-2018, but in 2019 dengue resurged in Brazil, causing ~2.1 million cases. In this study we use epidemiological, climatological and genomic data to investigate dengue dynamics in recent years in Brazil. First, we estimate dengue virus force of infection (FOI) and model mosquito-borne transmission suitability since the early 2000s. Our estimates reveal that DENV transmission was low in 2017-2018, despite conditions being suitable for viral spread. Our study also shows a marked decline in dengue susceptibility …

Utility Of Repeat Testing For Covid-19: Laboratory Stewardship When The Stakes Are High, Lindsey M. Rearigh, Angela L. Hewlett, Paul D. Fey, M. Jana Broadhurst, David Brett-Major, Mark Rupp, Trevor Van Schooneveld

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to circulate, testing strategies are of the utmost importance. Given national shortages of testing supplies, personal protective equipment, and other hospital resources, diagnostic stewardship is necessary to aid in resource management. We report the low utility of serial testing in a low-prevalence setting.

Evaluation Of Albumin Use In A Community Hospital Setting: A Retrospective Study Looking At Appropriate Use And Prescribing Patterns., Timothy Coyle, Samuel John

PCOM Scholarly Works

PURPOSE: Albumin has been shown to be safe and effective in clinical practice for a wide variety of indications. The purpose of this medication use evaluation is to quantify the use of albumin in the community hospital setting based on indication and prescribing department.

METHODS: This study is a retrospective, single-center, chart review over a 6-month period of 186 patients aged 18 and older who were treated with IV human albumin 5% or 25% at a single 202-bed community hospital setting from February 1, 2020, to August 1, 2020. A chart review was completed for each patient and the data …

Overlapping But Disparate Inflammatory And Immunosuppressive Responses To Sars-Cov-2 And Bacterial Sepsis: An Immunological Time Course Analysis, Tyler J Loftus, Ricardo Ungaro, Marvin Dirain, Philip A Efron, Monty B Mazer, Kenneth E Remy, Richard S Hotchkiss, Luer Zhong, Rhonda Bacher, Petr Starostik, Lyle L Moldawer, Scott C Brakenridge

Open Access Publications

Both severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and bacterial sepsis exhibit an immunological dyscrasia and propensity for secondary infections. The nature of the immunological dyscrasias for these differing etiologies and their time course remain unclear. In this study, thirty hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with ten critically ill patients with bacterial sepsis over 21 days, as well as ten healthy control subjects. Blood was sampled between days 1 and 21 after admission for targeted plasma biomarker analysis, cellular phenotyping, and leukocyte functional analysis