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Immune Responses Of Systemic And Mucosal Lymphoid Organs To Pnu-Imune Vaccine As A Function Of Age And The Efficacy Of Monophosphoryl Lipid A As An Adjuvant, Manju Garg, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

A murine model system was established to study immune responses to the Pnu-Imune vaccine, which is made up of 23 different pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. In this animal model, antibody-forming cell responses to 21 of 23 individual polysaccharides in the vaccine were detected. The Pnu-Imune vaccine elicited good antibody responses from the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of young mice, whereas a variety of other peripheral lymph nodes were unresponsive. The immunoglobulin M plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in the spleen to the Pnu-Imune vaccine (given intraperitoneally or subcutaneously) decreased dramatically with increasing age. However, the spleen and MLN differed in …

Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Specific For Tumors And Infected Cells From Mice With A Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome., Jennifer G. Erbe, Kathy A. Green, Karen M. Crassi, Herbert C. Morse, W R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

LP-BM5 retrovirus complex-infected C57BL/6 mice develop immunodeficiency, somewhat analogous to AIDS, termed murine AIDS (MAIDS). After secondary stimulation with syngeneic B-cell lymphomas from LP-BM5-infected mice, C57BL/6 mice produced vigorous CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for MAIDS-associated tumors. An anti-LP-BM5 specificity was suggested because spleen and lymph node cells from LP-BM5-infected mice served as target cells in competition assays, and cells from LP-BM5, but not ecotropic, virus-infected mice functioned as secondary in vitro stimulators to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to MAIDS tumors.

Population Dynamics Of Feral House Mice And Meadow Voles On A Dredge Disposal Site, Georgia E. Kratimenos

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The population dynamics of two species was studied for one year on Craney Island in Portsmouth, Virginia. This dredge disposal site provided good habitat for the house mouse, Mus musculus, whose opportunistic behaviors can withstand the sudden changes in a dynamic environment. Although the site was not optimal habitat, a population of Microtus pennsylvanicus, the meadow vole, was sustained there. Of the seven species of small mammals captured, 65% were house mice and 28% were meadow voles. Meadow voles were more successful at establishing short periods of residency than were house mice; on average, each meadow vole was …

Expression Of A Human Cartilage Procollagen Gene (Col2a1) In Mouse 3t3 Cells., Leena Ala-Kokko, James Hyland, Carol Smith, Kari I. Kivirikko, Sergio A. Jimenez, Darwin J. Prockop

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Expression in a recombinant system has been difficult to obtain for any of the major fibrillar collagens that require processing by eight or more post-translational enzymes. Here, two DNA constructs were designed so that the promoter region of the gene for the pro-alpha 1(I) chain of human type I procollagen drove expression of the human type II procollagen gene in mouse NIH 3T3 cells, a culture line that normally synthesizes type I procollagen but not any cartilage-specific protein such as type II procollagen. Both constructs were expressed as both mRNA and protein. In clones expressing the construct at high levels, …

Fertilization And Mouse Embryo Development In The Presence Of Midazolam, Maria Leavitt

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The development of mouse embryos in vitro has provided a unique opportunity for the study of cellular differentiation and the influence of various agents on differentiation. Midazolam is administered for conscious sedation in the recovery of human ova. In the Norfolk IVF Program, midazolam is found in varying concentrations in follicular fluid. Mouse embryo formation and development has been used to test midazolam's effect on fertilization and early development as a model of human in vitro fertilization and development. Midazolam' s effects were studied using varying doses of midazolam on (1) in vivo fertilization and subsequent cell division, and (2) …

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Within Tubular Prosthesis: Effects Of Laminin And Collagen Matrices On Cellular Ingrowth, Ivar J. Kljavin, Roger D. Madison

Cells and Materials

Bridging a severed peripheral nerve with a tubular conduit, "entubulation repair" , allows manipulation of the microenvironment encountered by regenerating axons. In the present study, we placed the ends of severed mouse sciatic nerves into nonpermeable Tygon tubes to bridge a 4 mm nerve gap. The tube lumen was filled with either a collagen or laminin matrix. The matrices formed a stable 3-D structure connecting both proximal and distal stumps, and provided a scaffolding for the regenerating axons and their supporting cells. We examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy, the initial events of …

Innervation And Vascular Pharmacodynamics Of The Mouse Spleen, Frank D. Reilly

Scanning Microscopy

Neurohistochemical and in vivo and electron microscopic methods demonstrated α-and ,β-adrenergic receptors and adrenergic innervation in arterioles and "arterial" capillaries of the mouse spleen. Such innervation and receptors in venules and channels within the red pulp were sparse. Cholinergic innervation and receptors were judged to be absent in the microvasculature. Histamine elicited arteriolar dilation which was blocked by metiamide suggesting the presence of H₂ receptors. However , following blockade of H₂ receptors, histamine produced arteriolar constriction. Serotonin elicited only venular constriction. Lactic acid caused arteriolar constriction; bradykinin and prostaglandins (PG) E₂ and PGF_2α triggered arteriolar constriction, …

Alternative Methods Of Selection For Litter Size In Mice: I. Characterization Of Base Population And Development Of Methods, A. C. Clutter, Merlyn K. Nielsen, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Studies on a base population of mice were used to establish an index of components of litter size and a physiological model for measuring uterine capacity to be used subsequently in a selection experiment evaluating alternative methods for practicing selection to increase litter size. Heritability estimates of litter size, ovulation rate and ova success (fraction of ova resulting in fully formed pups) were .18, .33 and .15, respectively. No significant genetic or phenotypic correlation was found between overall ovulation rate and ova success. Phenotypic means and genetic variances were higher for characteristics measured on the right than on the left …

Primary Antibody Responses To Thymus-Independent Antigens In The Lungs And Hilar Lymph Nodes Of Mice, S. Niranjan Goud, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

B lymphocytes from the pulmonary lymphoid tissues were stimulated with a variety of thymus-independent (TI) antigens by intratracheal (i.t.) immunization. Immune responses in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes (HLN), which are part of the localized lymphoid tissue, as well as in the spleen, the systemic lymphoid organ, were studied. Thus, primary i.t. immunization of mice with the TI-1 antigen trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) elicited both antigen-specific and polyclonal plaque-forming cell responses from HLN, lung, and splenic B lymphocytes. These responses appeared as early as 3 days after immunization and declined by day 7. Similar immunization with another TI-1 antigen, TNP-Brucella …

Effects Of Chemical Aneuploidogens On Taxol Purified Drosophila And Mouse Brain Microtubules Polymerization And Depolymerization In Vitro, Anil Sehgal

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The effects of aneuploidogens (aneuploidy causing agents) on taxol-purified microtubules from Drosophila and mouse brain in vitro were studied by using a spectrophotometric assay and electron microscopy. Colchicine, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), griseofulvin and cadmium chloride inhibited microtubule polymerization whereas methoxyethyl acetate (MEA) and methyl mercuric chloride (MMC) did not. All aneuploidogens tested (at 50mM) resulted in reduced rate of elongation of mouse brain microtubules. MMC, cadmium chloride and DMSO resulted in increased rates of Drosophila microtubule elongation whereas the rest of the drugs resulted in decreases. The in vitro results from Drosophila correlate well with the previously …

Evaluation Of Persistence Of Infection In Mice Inoculated Intranasally With Cryptococcus Neoformans, Hossein Mohammadi Sagha

Biology

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen capable of causing chronic-to-acute disease in man when resistance has been decreased by malnutrition, debility, immune deficiency or immune suppression. Because there have been few studies of infection travelling through the upper respiratory airway, the purpose of this study was to examine the spread of challenge doses of intranasally instilled cryptococci from the nose to the lungs, liver, spleen and brain in mice. Cryptococcus neoformans, suspended in sterile saline, was directly deposited into the anterior nares of anesthetized mice. Animals were sacrificed at various times post-inoculation. Cryptococci persisted within the nasal passages throughout …

Effects Of Methylene Chloride On Immune Function In Mice And The In Vitro Effect Of Methylene Chloride In Immunologic Assays, Man-Ping Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A number of toxicities associated with methylene chloride have been found in both human subjects and mice. However, relatively few studies have probed immunotoxicities of methylene chloride. In order to examine possible immunotoxicities or immunomodulating effects of methylene chloride, several tests of cellular immune function were performed using both human in in vitro studies and a mouse model.

Body weights and specific organ weights of thymus, spleen, liver, and kidney were normal in CD-1 mice given various concentrations of methylenechloride. However, a significantly reduced mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA} and reduced interleukin-2 (IL-2} production was found in these methylene-chloride-treated mice. …

K+ Efflux In Nih Mouse 3t3 Cells And Transformed Derivatives: Dependence On Extracellular Ca2+ And Phorbol Esters., Martin Lubin

Dartmouth Scholarship

In culture medium deficient in Ca2+, NIH mouse 3T3 cells lose K+, gain Na+, and stop growing. A marked increase in the rate of K+ efflux accounts for this loss; Na+, K+-ATPase pump activity increases but does not fully compensate for enhanced K+ efflux. Phorbol esters and cycloheximide inhibit K+ loss in Ca2+-deficient medium. Phorbol esters inhibit K+ efflux from human fibroblasts as well, even at physiological levels of Ca2+. Two cell lines derived from NIH-3T3, one transformed by a simian virus 40 deletion mutant, the other by the polyoma virus oncogene encoding the middle-sized tumor antigen, retain K+ and …

Studies On Encephalomyocarditis Virus-Induced Diabetes In Mice, John Henry Huffman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The D-variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC-D) virus was given to SJL/J mice by the artificial, intraperitoneal (ip) route of infection, or by the natural routes of infection per os (po) or intranasal (i.n.), in comparable concentrations. The po route of infection was found to be ineffective. Mice given virus by either the ip or i.n. routes of infection became diabetic. Mice were more resistant to the infectious and diabetogenic properties of the virus when given by the i.n. than when given by the ip route. Glycosuria in mice given virus i.n. usually lagged one day behind that in mice given virus …

A Comparative Study On In Vitro Invasion Rates By Melanoma Cells In The Human Amniotic Basement Membrane Model Versus In Vivo Tumor Nodule Formation In C57bl6 Mice, B. Persky, G. W. Chmielewski

Scanning Microscopy

Invasion by murine B16-F10 melanoma cells was studied using the human amniotic basement membrane (HABM) assay. B16-F10 cells were collected after a single passage through the amnion and grown to near confluency. The cycle of plating, passaging, collecting, and culturing B16-F10 cells was repeated five times. The invasion rate for B16-F10 cells remained relatively unchanged after six passages through the amnion. Injection of first-passage B16-F10 cells into C57BL6 mice resulted in 29 lung tumors per animal whereas sixth-passage cells resulted in 300+ lung tumors. While there exists no correlation of the number of cells penetrating the amnion with colonization number, …

The Homeo Domain Of A Murine Protein Binds 5' To Its Own Homeo Box., Abraham Fainsod, Leonard D. Bogarad, Tarmo Ruusala, Martin Lubin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Nuclear protein extracts from day 12.5 mouse embryos were used to study protein binding to DNA sequences 5' of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. Embryos of this developmental stage are known to express this gene. DNA binding protein blotting and retardation gel techniques show that murine embryonic nuclear proteins specifically bind a 753-base pair (bp) DNA fragment from the region upstream of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. A fusion protein containing the Hox 1.5 homeo domain constructed in lambda gt11 also binds the same 753-bp DNA fragment. Specific binding of the fusion protein to the upstream DNA fragment shows that …

Study Of A Small Mammal Population In Bowling Green, Kentucky, Richard Cambron

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The small mammal population of a restricted study area was live-trapped on the University farm at Western Kentucky University from November 1984 through November 1985. A total of 1800 trap-nights yielded 81 different individuals representing five species. Members of the genera Peromyscus and Microtus were the dominant individuals representing over 90% of the total. Also caught were Mus musculus and Blarina brevicauda. The members of the two major genera were examined for population size and dynamics. In addition, a statistical analysis was carried out on the randomness of the location of the home ranges. This analysis gave evidence that …

Manganese Toxicity In Mice: Evaluation Of Neruochemical And Immunologial Alteration, Benjamart Srisuchart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Neurochemical and immunological effects of manganese chloride (MnCl₂) were evaluated using young male CD-1 mice as the animal model. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of MnCl₂ (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks did not produce mortality or overt signs of toxicity in any of the treated animals. Manganese treatment increased the thymidine uptake of cultured splenic cells and the selective lymphoproliferative response to T-cell mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A, in all the treated groups. No difference in the response to B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide was observed. A dose of 10 mg/kg MnCl₂ increased the mixed lymphocyte …

Declining Sensitivity To Interleukin 3 Of Murine Multipotential Hemopoietic Progenitors During Their Development: Application To A Culture System That Favors Blast Cell Colony Formation, Kenichi Koike, James N. Ihle, Makio Ogawa

MUSC Faculty Journal Articles

When spleen cells of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice were cultured in the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3), most colonies revealed IL-3 concentration-dependent colony formation except for mast cell colonies and blast cell colonies. While most colonies were smaller in lower concentrations of IL-3, the size of the blast cell colonies were similar between high and low IL-3 groups. These data suggested that blast cell colony development requires less IL-3 than the development of multilineage colonies from blast cell colonies. This notion was supported by experiments in which IL-3 was added twice to cultures of spleen cells of 5-FU-treated mice. When low …

A Microinjected Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Dna Polymerase-Alpha Inhibits Dna Replication In Human, Hamster, And Mouse Cell Lines., L Kaczmarek, M R Miller, R A Hammond, W E Mercer

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Sequences In The Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Gene Required For Efficient Processing And Polyadenylation., Charles N. Cole, Terryl P. Stacy

Dartmouth Scholarship

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 thymidine kinase gene (tk) was resected from its 3' end with BAL 31 exonuclease. Two sets of plasmids were isolated that lacked information distal to the two copies of the hexanucleotide 5'-AATAAA-3' located at the 3' end of the HSV tk gene. The presence of a simian virus 40 origin of DNA replication in each plasmid facilitated analysis of patterns of transcription in transfected Cos-1 monkey cells. Transcription analyses were performed with an S1 nuclease protection assay. Efficient processing and polyadenylation at the normal site still occurred when all sequences more than 44 …

Effects Of Dietary Levels Of Essential Fatty Acids On Rotaviral Gastroenteritis In Infant Mice, Kamyar Abolhassan Zahedi

Biology

Effects of dietary levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) on rotaviral gastroenteritis were studied using the infant mouse as the model animal. Female mice were placed on diets devoid of EFA (0%) for 30 days. Nine days prior to breeding they were divided into three groups receiving 25%, 100% and 200% of the normally recommended quantity of dietary EFAs and were kept on this diet throughout the studies. Two-day-old offspring were infected orally with cesium chloride-purified murine rotavirus (MRV) and the extent of infection was determined. The severity of diarrhea, as exhibited by greater ratios of intestinal weight to whole …

Ec85-219 1985 Nebraska Swine Report, Roger J. Kittok, James E. Kinder, Rodger K. Johnson, Donald G. Levis, R. K. Christenson, Casey B. Frye, Chris R. Calkins, Roger W. Mandigo, Robert M. Timm, Daryl D. Fisher, Roy Carlson, E.R. Peo Jr., William R. Schneider, Martin L. Wiernusz, Alex Hogg, R. D. Fritschen, Lee I. Chiba, William Ahlschwede, M. C. Brumm, D. Carlson, G.W. Jesse, H.F. Mayes, G.M. Zinn, J.A. Deshazer, Jerry D. Plessing, Dennis D. Schulte, Marcus J. Milanuk, Gerald Bodman, Laverne E. Stetson, Jack L. Schinstock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1985 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

Inhibition Of Gluconeogenesis And Glycogenolysis By 2,5-Anhydro-D-Mannitol, R L Hanson, R S Ho, J J Wiseberg, R Simpson, E S Younathan, J B Blair

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Limitations On Spatial Memory In Mice, Robert H.I. Dale, Martin Bedard

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Rats have an impressive ability to remember locations they have visited. Two experiments used an eight-arm radial maze to determine whether mice showed two important characteristics of this spatial memory: its durability, and its dependence on stimuli outside the maze (extreme stimuli). In Experiment 1, food-deprived mice were allowed to eat from four of the eight arms of the maze then, after delays of 5 sec, 1 min, or 5 min, they were permitted to choose the remaining arms. Choice accuracy declined significantly with the longer delays, but always remained above chance. In Experiment 2, the maze was rotated 180° …

Determination Of N,N'-Diphenylguanidine In Biological Tissues And Fluids Using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Edward Sidney Hunter Iii

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

N,N'-Diphenylguanidine (DPG) is a potentially toxic compound used in the vulcanization of rubber products. Distribution of DPG in hybrid mice (C57BL/6J interbred with DAB₂) was determined following intraperitoneal injection. Urine, fecal material, whole blood and tissues were collected at various times after administration of DPG and the extracts analyzed for DPG by high pressure liquid chromatography. Recovery of DPG from spiked urine and whole blood exceed 90%, however, the recovery of DPG from spiked tissue samples was approximately 70%.

DPG concentration in whole blood reached a maximum within ten minutes and rapidly decreased through 180 minutes after administration …

Monoclonal Antibodies To Novel Myeloid Antigens Reveal Human Neutrophil Heterogeneity., Edward D. Ball, Robert F. Graziano, Li Shen, Michael W. Fanger

Dartmouth Scholarship

Three cytotoxic murine monoclonal antibodies that recognize myeloid-specific antigens have been produced by immunization with normal human neutrophils or myeloblasts from a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Two of these, PMN 6 and PMN 29, are specific for neutrophils; the third monoclonal antibody, AML-2-23, is reactive with the majority of normal monocytes as well as a subpopulation of mature neutrophils. Although neutrophils from all individuals tested expressed these antigens, cytofluorographic analysis revealed that the percentage of cells bearing the PMN 6 and AML-2-23 antigens varied among individuals. Significant additional heterogeneity in the density of each antigen among antigen-bearing cells was …

Toxicologic Effects Of Extracts Of Cestrum Parqui L'Héritier In Mice, Tomás A. López

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cestrum parqui L'Héritier is a Solanaceous weed of wide distribution throughout the world. It causes poisoning of animals, particularly cattle and sheep, and constitutes a serious problem for animal production in some countries.

The present study was undertaken to develop a biological test for the detection of toxicity of extracts obtained from the plant. This test will be utilized to assess the toxicity of extracts obtained from the plant in future studies.

The plant is known to induce poisoning in laboratory animals, but there are no precise references on doses to be utilized and of appropriate routes of dosing. Oral …

The Effects Of Photoperiod And Melatonin Injections On The Reproductive System Of Pinealectomized Male Mice Mus Musculus, Icr Strain, John Earnest Constantine

Master's Theses

One hundred two male mice , Mus musculus, ICR strain, age four weeks, were obtained. Fifty-one mice were pinealectomized and 51 were sham operated. The animals were divided into three photoperiod groups: 1.5L:22.5D, 14L:10D, 24L; 0D. The mice were subcutaneously injected daily with 10 ug melatonin or control solution from post-operative day J to post-operative day 60, On post-operative day 60 representatives of each photo­ period-surgery-injection regimen were paired with females. The remaining animals were killed and several organs were removed and weighed, Melatonin injections were progonadal in pinealectomized mice and inhibitory in sham mice in several instances. Histological examination …

The Effects Of Photoperiod And Melatonin Injections On The Reproductive System Of Male Mice, Mus Musculus, Icr Strain, Margaret Ann Shugart

Master's Theses

The reproductive effects of long (24L:OD), natural (14L:lOD), and short (1L:23D) photoperiods were studied in the male mouse, Mus musculus, ICR strain. One third of the mice in each photoperiodic regimen were sacrificed after 45 days. Half of the remaining mice in each regimen received daily melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyl tryptamine) injections for 45 additional days. Body weights, testicular and accessory sex organ weights were measured and microscopic examinations of the testes were made. Plasma testosterone levels were determined using radioimmunoassay. Other organ (pituitary, kidney, adrenal, thymus, thyroid) weights were also obtained.