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On The Vorticity Cycle Of The Loop Current, A. Lugo-Fernández, A. Badan Jan 2007

On The Vorticity Cycle Of The Loop Current, A. Lugo-Fernández, A. Badan

Journal of Marine Research

The inrushing/retraction behavior of the Loop Current (LC) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico can be represented by a recurrent cycle of vorticity input/output with a time scale of 0 to 16 months. This cycle is brought about as a balance between the accumulation of absolute vorticity in the LC and deep advection of vorticity to the Caribbean Sea. The vorticity time scale is directly proportional to the change in circulation around the LC and 2πH/Q0(f0 + ζ0); where H (∼800 m) is the thickness of the LC, Q0 is …

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The Enso Signature In Sea-Surface Temperature In The Gulf Of California, Hugo Herrera-Cervantes, Daniel B. Lluch-Cota, Salvador E. Lluch-Cota, Guillermo Gutiérrez-De-Velasco S Jan 2007

The Enso Signature In Sea-Surface Temperature In The Gulf Of California, Hugo Herrera-Cervantes, Daniel B. Lluch-Cota, Salvador E. Lluch-Cota, Guillermo Gutiérrez-De-Velasco S

Journal of Marine Research

We analyzed 21 years of sea-surface temperature satellite images to explore the spatial signature of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation signal in the Gulf of California. We used empirical orthogonal function analysis to extract the principal mode of the nonseasonal sea-surface temperature variability and compared it to the spatial signature of the Southern Oscillation Index. The first mode accounted for 80% of nonseasonal variability and its amplitude time series was significantly correlated to the Southern Oscillation Index (r = −0.58,P < 0.01). The amplitude of this mode and its statistical relation to the El Niño is stronger during winter, which suggests that forcing of sea-surface temperature variability occurs through the disruption of the wind-driven upwelling corridor along the eastern coast due to El Niño-related atmospheric teleconnections. We also examined weekly time series of coastal sea-surface temperature coastal anomalies along the coast of North America, including the interior of the Gulf of California, during the strong 1997–98 El Niño. We found a poleward propagating signal that reached the mouth of the Gulf of California at the end of spring and continued its poleward propagation along the west coast of the peninsula slightly delayed; it also resulted in warming inside the Gulf of California. This observation may provide an explanation for the variable extension of the El Niño signature along the Pacific coast of North America.

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Water Column Stability And Spring Bloom Dynamics In The Gulf Of Alaska, Stephanie A. Henson Jan 2007

Water Column Stability And Spring Bloom Dynamics In The Gulf Of Alaska, Stephanie A. Henson

Journal of Marine Research

The initiation of the Gulf of Alaska phytoplankton spring bloom is light limited, and therefore the onset of stratification is critical to primary productivity. A stability ratio, which represents the balance between mixing (tide and wind) and buoyancy (heat and freshwater) processes, is defined. When buoyancy dominates over mixing, stratification is possible. Use of model- and satellite-derived data allows maps of the spatial and temporal development of stratification to be constructed. Spatial variability in the dominant forcing components is also mapped. The onset of water column stability is closely linked to the timing of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Consideration of …

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Simulations Of Phytoplankton Species And Carbon Production In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean 2. Effects Of Physical And Biogeochemical Processes, Baris Salihoglu, Eileen E. Hofmann Jan 2007

Simulations Of Phytoplankton Species And Carbon Production In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean 2. Effects Of Physical And Biogeochemical Processes, Baris Salihoglu, Eileen E. Hofmann

Journal of Marine Research

A one-dimensional multi-component lower trophic level ecosystem model that includes detailed algal physiology is used to investigate the response of phytoplankton community and carbon production and export to variations in physical and biochemical processes in the Cold Tongue region of the equatorial Pacific Ocean at 0N, 140W. Results show that high-frequency variability in vertical advection and temperature is an important mechanism driving the carbon export. Filtering out low frequency physical forcing results in a 30% increase in primary production and dominance of high-light adapted Prochlorococcus and autotrophic eukaryotes. Sensitivity studies show that iron availability is the primary control on carbon …

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Rapid Consumption Of Phytoplankton And Ice Algae By Arctic Soft-Sediment Benthic Communities: Evidence Using Natural And 13c-Labeled Food Materials, Ming-Yi Sun, Michael L. Carroll, William G. Ambrose Jr., Lisa M. Clough, Li Zou, Glenn R. Lopez Jan 2007

Rapid Consumption Of Phytoplankton And Ice Algae By Arctic Soft-Sediment Benthic Communities: Evidence Using Natural And 13c-Labeled Food Materials, Ming-Yi Sun, Michael L. Carroll, William G. Ambrose Jr., Lisa M. Clough, Li Zou, Glenn R. Lopez

Journal of Marine Research

Reduction of sea ice in the Arctic may significantly alter the relative fluxes of phytoplankton and ice algae to the seafloor. To examine the response of Arctic benthic communities to changing food supplies, we incubated sediment cores collected from two sites (Smeerenburg Fjord, northwest Svalbard in May 2003 and Storfjord Trench, Barents Sea in May 2004) with controlled additions of natural phytoplankton and ice algal assemblages, and laboratory-cultured 13C-labeled ice algae (Nitzschia frigida, in 2004 only). We measured sediment respiration, pigments, lipid biomarkers, and compound-specific δ13C signals over the course of incubations. Both communities responded …

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Modeling Sensitivity Of Biodiffusion Coefficient To Seasonal Bioturbation, Pascal Lecroart, Sabine Schmidt, Pierre Anschutz, Jean-Marie Jouanneau Jan 2007

Modeling Sensitivity Of Biodiffusion Coefficient To Seasonal Bioturbation, Pascal Lecroart, Sabine Schmidt, Pierre Anschutz, Jean-Marie Jouanneau

Journal of Marine Research

Biodiffusion coefficient is the predominant parameter used to constrain biological activity in marine sediments. Bioturbation characterization is important because of the dominant role it plays on the flux determination through the sediment-water interface. Biological mixing is quantified through models of radionuclides diagenesis by both a biodiffusion coefficient (Db) and a mixed depth (L) under the basic steady-state assumption. Based on a new global compilation of radionuclide data in marine sediments and on previously published modeling results, we show that short-live radionuclides are perfectly devoted to quantify biological mixing for sediments associated with λL2/Db lower than 125, λ representing …

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Notes On The Modeling Of Methane In Aging Hydrothermal Plumes, G. C. Nihous, S. M. Masutani Jan 2007

Notes On The Modeling Of Methane In Aging Hydrothermal Plumes, G. C. Nihous, S. M. Masutani

Journal of Marine Research

Marine hydrothermal vent fields represent a unique environment for the study of aerobic microbial methane oxidation because of high methane concentrations and limited spatial and temporal scales. Earlier data collected in lateral plumes at the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, including methane concentration, methane oxidation rate and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C), are carefully interpreted with a suite of simple analytical models. Methane oxidation is defined with a rate constant k as a first order process with respect to both substrate and methanotroph concentration. This elementary formalism coupled with simplified representations of advection and …

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Greenland’S Island Rule And The Arctic Ocean Circulation, Terrence M. Joyce, Andrey Proshutinsky Jan 2007

Greenland’S Island Rule And The Arctic Ocean Circulation, Terrence M. Joyce, Andrey Proshutinsky

Journal of Marine Research

In order to explain observed southward water transport of 2-3 Sv through Davis Strait, a simple extension of Godfrey's (1989) Island Rule and a 2-D idealized numerical model simulations were made for the flow around Greenland. Godfrey's theory has been extended to permit inclusion of Bering Strait inflow and bottom friction to represent the dissipation supplied by the porous Canadian Archipelago in the modeled flow west of Greenland. In both models, the forcing has been applied in a quasi-steady manner to the circulation via climatologic wind stresses and using wind forcing for the high and low Arctic Oscillation (AO) index …

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Constraining Bubble Dynamics And Mixing With Dissolved Gases: Implications For Productivity Measurements By Oxygen Mass Balance, Roberta C. Hamme, Steven R. Emerson Jan 2006

Constraining Bubble Dynamics And Mixing With Dissolved Gases: Implications For Productivity Measurements By Oxygen Mass Balance, Roberta C. Hamme, Steven R. Emerson

Journal of Marine Research

We used a dynamic mixed layer model to determine carbon export by the oxygen mass balance method from a time series of O2/Ar, N2/Ar and Ne measurements collected at station ALOHA near Hawaii from July 2000 to June 2001. The inert gas measurements constrain the flux of oxygen into the mixed layer from small, collapsing bubbles (injection) to be greater than or equal to the flux from larger bubbles (exchange), with mean estimates of the ratio in the range of 1–2. We also show that monthly observations of temperature and inert gases cannot constrain the rate …

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Generalized Inversion Of The Gent-Cane Model Of The Tropical Pacific With Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (Tao) Data, A. F. Bennett, B. S. Chua, H. E. Ngodock, D. E. Harrison, M. J. Mcphaden Jan 2006

Generalized Inversion Of The Gent-Cane Model Of The Tropical Pacific With Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (Tao) Data, A. F. Bennett, B. S. Chua, H. E. Ngodock, D. E. Harrison, M. J. Mcphaden

Journal of Marine Research

We here describe the results of our latest effort to reanalyze TAO monthly mean surface and subsurface temperature observations constrained by a tropical Pacific ocean model, and simultaneously to evaluate the physical consistency of the observations and the model. Both tasks are executed by weak–constraint, four–dimensional variational assimilation of the observations into the model. In this study our reanalysis employs the reduced–gravity Gent–Cane model, combined with the 'KPP–interior' parameterization of vertical turbulent fluxes. With the limited vertical resolution adopted in previous studies of this model, the 'W4DVAR' or inverse method fails to produce an acceptable reanalysis, as the dynamical residuals …

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Shear And Turbulence Production Across Subtidal Channels, David K. Ralston, Mark T. Stacey Jan 2006

Shear And Turbulence Production Across Subtidal Channels, David K. Ralston, Mark T. Stacey

Journal of Marine Research

In intertidal regions with subtidal channels, effects of bathymetry on overlying flow vary greatly with tidal stage. Around low water when mudflats and marsh are exposed, flow is constrained to channels, but when water depths are greater, tidal forcing may not necessarily be aligned with meandering channel axes. Flow across the channel can generate strong shear and turbulence at the elevation of the channel banks and can significantly increase turbulent energy in the middle of the water column. Field observations in a mudflat channel of San Francisco Bay indicate that cross-channel shear regularly occurs there early in ebb tides. With …

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Physical-Biological Interactions And Their Effect On Phytoplankton Blooms In Fjords And Near-Coastal Waters, Lars Erik Holmedal, Torbjørn Utnes Jan 2006

Physical-Biological Interactions And Their Effect On Phytoplankton Blooms In Fjords And Near-Coastal Waters, Lars Erik Holmedal, Torbjørn Utnes

Journal of Marine Research

A one-dimensional flow model which accounts for turbulence and stratification in the upper ocean has been applied in conjunction with a one-dimensional production-advection-diffusion model to predict the initial evolution of the phytoplankton biomass concentration under given biological and physical conditions. Here the stratification is caused by the salinity which is modeled by a one-dimensional diffusion equation; the density is related to the salinity by a linear relation (state equation). The resulting one-dimensional model has been applied to investigate how local physical conditions affect the initiation of phytoplankton blooms in nutrition rich waters characterized by wind driven currents and salinity stratification. …

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An Estuarine Box Model Of Freshwater Delivery To The Coastal Ocean For Use In Climate Models, Richard W. Garvine, Michael M. Whitney Jan 2006

An Estuarine Box Model Of Freshwater Delivery To The Coastal Ocean For Use In Climate Models, Richard W. Garvine, Michael M. Whitney

Journal of Marine Research

Present day climate models employ a coarse horizontal grid that is unable to fully resolve estuaries or continental shelves. The importation of fresh water from rivers is critical to the state of deep ocean stratification, but currently the processing of that fresh water as it passes from the river through the estuary and adjacent shelf is not represented in the coastal boundary conditions of climate models. An efficient way to represent this input of fresh water to the deep ocean would be to treat the estuary and shelf domains as two coupled box models with river water input to the …

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On The Mechanism Of Centennial Thermohaline Oscillations, Florian Sévellec, Thierry Huck, Mahdi Ben Jelloul Jan 2006

On The Mechanism Of Centennial Thermohaline Oscillations, Florian Sévellec, Thierry Huck, Mahdi Ben Jelloul

Journal of Marine Research

Centennial oscillations of the ocean thermohaline circulation are studied in a 2-D latitude-depth model under mixed boundary conditions (i.e. restoring surface temperature and prescribed freshwater flux). The oscillations are revealed through linear stability analysis of a steady state obtained in a single hemisphere configuration. A density variance budget is performed and helps determine the physical processes sustaining these oscillations: the restoring surface temperature appears as a source of density variance – this is a consequence of positively-correlated temperature and salinity anomalies. A minimal model, the Howard-Malkus loop oscillator, enables us to understand physically the oscillatory and growth mechanisms. The centennial …

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Analysis Of Instabilities And Mesoscale Motion In A Terrain-Following Coordinate Ocean Model, Ingerid Fossum, Lars Petter Røed Jan 2006

Analysis Of Instabilities And Mesoscale Motion In A Terrain-Following Coordinate Ocean Model, Ingerid Fossum, Lars Petter Røed

Journal of Marine Research

We perform a combined potential vorticity analysis and energy analysis to analyze instabilities and mesoscale motion in a continuously stratified, terrain-following coordinate ocean model. Care is exercised to ensure that the potential vorticity is conserved along isopycnals in the absence of sources and sinks. We also derive expressions for the energy components and the associated conversion terms suitable for a terrain-following coordinate ocean model. To demonstrate the usefulness of the new combined analysis tool for detection of instabilities, we analyze results from a numerical model experiment in which the ocean model is contained in a long, rectangular channel closed at …

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Carbon Flows Through A Benthic Food Web: Integrating Biomass, Isotope And Tracer Data, Dick Van Oevelen, Karline Soetaert, Jack J. Middelburg, Peter M. J. Herman, Leon Moodley, Ilse Hamels, Tom Moens, Carlo H. R. Heip Jan 2006

Carbon Flows Through A Benthic Food Web: Integrating Biomass, Isotope And Tracer Data, Dick Van Oevelen, Karline Soetaert, Jack J. Middelburg, Peter M. J. Herman, Leon Moodley, Ilse Hamels, Tom Moens, Carlo H. R. Heip

Journal of Marine Research

The herbivorous, detrital and microbial pathways are major components of marine food webs. Although it is commonly recognized that these pathways can be linked in several ways, elucidating carbon transfers between or within these pathways remains a challenge. Intertidal flat communities are driven by a wide spectrum of organic matter sources that support these different pathways within the food web. Here we reconstruct carbon pathways using inverse analysis based on mass balancing, stable isotope signatures and tracer data. Data were available on biomass, total carbon production and processing, integrated diet information from stable isotope signatures and the transfer of recently …

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Tidal Fronts And Their Role In Air-Sea Gas Exchange, B. Baschek, D. M. Farmer, C. Garrett Jan 2006

Tidal Fronts And Their Role In Air-Sea Gas Exchange, B. Baschek, D. M. Farmer, C. Garrett

Journal of Marine Research

Tidal fronts are a common feature of many coastal environments. They are characterized by a surface convergence zone that enhances wave breaking and the generation of gas bubbles due to wave-current interaction. The associated downwelling currents carry bubbles to depths of up to 160 m and increase the amount of air that dissolves from them.An energetic tidal front is formed at the entrance to the Strait of Georgia, BC, Canada, by a hydraulically controlled sill flow with vertical velocities of up to 0.75 m s−1. Extensive ship-board measurements during two cruises are interpreted with models of wave-current interaction …

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Variation Beneath The Surface: Quantifying Complex Thermal Environments On Coral Reefs In The Caribbean, Bahamas And Florida, James J. Leichter, Brian Helmuth, Andrew M. Fischer Jan 2006

Variation Beneath The Surface: Quantifying Complex Thermal Environments On Coral Reefs In The Caribbean, Bahamas And Florida, James J. Leichter, Brian Helmuth, Andrew M. Fischer

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of in situ temperature records collected on six coral reefs in the Caribbean, Bahamas, and Florida Keys reveal significant variability across a range of temporal and spatial scales from minutes to seasons, across depths, and among sites. Subsurface variability occurring at daily and faster frequencies is prevalent across the region, likely driven by combinations of diurnal heating and cooling, wind driven advection, and internal waves at tidal and faster frequencies. This high frequency variability is not detected in records of remotely-sensed sea surface temperature alone. Diurnal variability likely caused by diurnal solar heating and cooling and possibly by advection …

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A Model Of Methane Concentration Profiles In The Open Ocean, G. C. Nihous, S. M. Masutani Jan 2006

A Model Of Methane Concentration Profiles In The Open Ocean, G. C. Nihous, S. M. Masutani

Journal of Marine Research

Methane-bearing particulate matter formed in the upper ocean layer is allowed to settle and degrade, releasing methane into the water column as a source in one-dimensional advection-diffusion equations. Predicted carbon and methane particulate fluxes are in good agreement with sediment trap data, using parameters of expected magnitude and particulate methane production well within the mixed layer. This suggests a rapid pathway to the atmosphere and reduced effects on methane concentrations below. Vertical advection rates yielding a good fit between methane concentration calculations and data are larger than expected unless methane oxidation is included. This confirms the significance of methane oxidation …

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Inferring Mixed-Layer Depth Variability From Argo Observations In The Western Indian Ocean, T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar, D. Swain, M. Ravichandran Jan 2006

Inferring Mixed-Layer Depth Variability From Argo Observations In The Western Indian Ocean, T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar, D. Swain, M. Ravichandran

Journal of Marine Research

The seasonal and spatial variability of mixed layer depth (MLD) was examined in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) (30E – 80E and 10S – 30N) for three consecutive years starting from June 2002 – May 2005 using Argo temperature and salinity (T/S) profiles. These were compared with MLD estimates from World Ocean Atlas 2001 (WOA01) T/S data. Temporal and spatial variability of MLD estimated from Argo T/S profiles were found to correspond well with the MLD obtained from WOA01 T/S data. However, slight deviations in the form of months of occurrence of minima and maxima MLDs were observed. MLD from …

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Bio-Irrigation In Permeable Sediments: An Assessment Of Model Complexity, Filip J. R. Meysman, Oleksiy S. Galaktionov, Britta Gribsholt, Jack J. Middelburg Jan 2006

Bio-Irrigation In Permeable Sediments: An Assessment Of Model Complexity, Filip J. R. Meysman, Oleksiy S. Galaktionov, Britta Gribsholt, Jack J. Middelburg

Journal of Marine Research

Burrowing benthic animals ventilate their burrow networks, and this enhances the transport of solutes in the sediment and exchange with the overlying water column, a process referred to as bio-irrigation. Various models have been proposed to model bio-irrigation, with different levels of sophistication related to model dimensionality and parameter numbers. Here we address the issue of model complexity for bio-irrigation in permeable sediments. To this end, we simulated flowline patterns and tracer signals using (1) a full 3D model that explicitly models the J-shaped geometry of the burrow in a suitable microenvironment surrounding the burrow, (2) a simplified 2D axisymmetric …

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Differential Fates Of Emiliania Huxleyi-Derived Fatty Acids And Alkenones In Coastal Marine Sediments: Effects Of The Benthic Crustacean Palaemonetes Pugio, Haibing Ding, Ming-Yi Sun Jan 2006

Differential Fates Of Emiliania Huxleyi-Derived Fatty Acids And Alkenones In Coastal Marine Sediments: Effects Of The Benthic Crustacean Palaemonetes Pugio, Haibing Ding, Ming-Yi Sun

Journal of Marine Research

In order to examine how benthic crustaceans affect the fates of phytoplankton-derived lipid biomarkers (fatty acids and alkenones) in coastal marine sediments, we incubated Emiliania huxleyi cells in microcosms (pre-sieved sediment cores with and without the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio ) over six weeks. Crustacean, transport of surface sediments, and distributions of algal lipids were followed during incubations. Crustacean activities enhanced degradation of algal fatty acids (2–4× faster) but had a small impact on algal alkenone degradation (<1.4×) compared to the controls. During the first few days of incubations, alkenone concentrations were enriched while algal fatty acid concentrations were depleted in suspended particles in the overlying water of cores, indicating that P. pugio selectively grazed algal material from sediments and preferentially assimilated fatty acids over alkenones through digestion. Unlike algal fatty acids, alkenones …

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Sandström’S Experiments Revisited, Melissa A. Coman, Ross W. Griffiths, Graham O. Hughes Jan 2006

Sandström’S Experiments Revisited, Melissa A. Coman, Ross W. Griffiths, Graham O. Hughes

Journal of Marine Research

Sandström's (1908, 1916) pioneering experiments led to the conclusion, later referred to as Sandström's 'theorem', that differential heating and cooling cannot drive a sustained circulation when the source of heating is at or above the level of the cooling source. This principle is incorrect on theoretical grounds and is contradicted by modern laboratory results for the particular case of differential heating and cooling along a single horizontal boundary of a box. However, the 'theorem' has remained common currency. In order to explain the contradiction and explore the fundamentally important concepts involved, we re-create the original experiments of a century ago. …

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Estimating Subsurface Horizontal And Vertical Velocities From Sea-Surface Temperature, J. H. Lacasce, A. Mahadevan Jan 2006

Estimating Subsurface Horizontal And Vertical Velocities From Sea-Surface Temperature, J. H. Lacasce, A. Mahadevan

Journal of Marine Research

We examine a dynamical method for estimating subsurface fields (density, pressure, horizontal and vertical velocities) in the upper ocean using sea-surface temperature (SST) and a climatological estimate of the stratification. The method derives from the "surface quasi-geostrophic" (SQG) approximation. The SST is used to generate a potential vorticity (PV) field which is then inverted for the pressure. We examine first the standard SQG model, in which the PV is assumed trapped in a delta-function layer at the surface. We then modify the model by introducing a subsurface PV which is proportional to the surface density and decays exponentially with depth. …

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Accounting For Unresolved Spatial Variability In Marine Ecosystems Using Time Lags, Philip J. Walhead, Adrian P. Martin, Meric A. Srokosz, Mike J. R. Fasham Jan 2006

Accounting For Unresolved Spatial Variability In Marine Ecosystems Using Time Lags, Philip J. Walhead, Adrian P. Martin, Meric A. Srokosz, Mike J. R. Fasham

Journal of Marine Research

The formulation and calibration of models is a vital method for probing and predicting the behavior of marine ecosystems. The ability to do this may suffer, however, if the calibrating data set is subject to significant spatial variability between samples that is not resolved in the model. We propose that some of this variability might be accounted for by variable time lags between sampled water masses which are otherwise assumed to follow a common pattern of ecosystem variability (dynamical trajectory). Using twin tests of fitting models to simulated data sets, we show that realistic levels of meso/sub-mesoscale variability in time …

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Linking Arenicola Marina Irrigation Behavior To Oxygen Transport And Dynamics In Sandy Sediments, Karen Timmermann, Gary T. Banta, Ronnie N. Glud Jan 2006

Linking Arenicola Marina Irrigation Behavior To Oxygen Transport And Dynamics In Sandy Sediments, Karen Timmermann, Gary T. Banta, Ronnie N. Glud

Journal of Marine Research

In this study we examine how the irrigation behavior of the common lugworm Arenicola marina affects the distribution, transport and dynamics of oxygen in sediments using microelectrodes, planar optodes and diagenetic modeling. The irrigation pattern was characterized by a regular recurring periods of active irrigation lasting approximately 15 min separated by a 15 min rest period. The mean pumping rate during irrigation was 52 ml h−1. Oxygen dynamics and distribution around the tail shaft was closely related to irrigation pattern but independent of pumping rate. During irrigation the oxygen concentration in the burrow was high (>80% air …

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Corrigendum To Diffusivity And Viscosity Dependence In The Linear Thermocline (J. Mar. Res., 62, 743–769), J. H. Lacasce Jan 2006

Corrigendum To Diffusivity And Viscosity Dependence In The Linear Thermocline (J. Mar. Res., 62, 743–769), J. H. Lacasce

Journal of Marine Research

The statement in LaCasce (2004) that the amplitude, A, of the western boundary layer solution (Eq. 25 in the article) is determined by matching at the northern wall to the streamfunction from the northern boundary inner layer solution, ϕin, is incorrect. The correct procedure is to match to the full boundary layer solution at the northern wall, with contributions from both the inner and outer layers. Doing this ensures that the full transport in the northern layer is fed into the western layer...

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Tidal Energy In The Bering Sea, M. G. G. Foreman, P. F. Cummins, J. Y. Cherniawsky, Phyllis Stabeno Jan 2006

Tidal Energy In The Bering Sea, M. G. G. Foreman, P. F. Cummins, J. Y. Cherniawsky, Phyllis Stabeno

Journal of Marine Research

Tidal harmonics computed from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry are assimilated into a barotropic, finite element model of the Bering Sea whose accuracy is evaluated though comparisons with independent bottom pressure gauges. The model is used to estimate energy fluxes through each of the Aleutian Passes and Bering Strait and to construct an energy budget for the major tidal constituents. The finite element model does not conserve mass locally and this is shown to give rise to an additional term in the energy budget whose contribution is significant for the prior model, but which is reduced substantially with the assimilation technique. Though the …

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Estimation Of Nonlocal Turbulent Mixing Parameters Derived From Microstructure Profiles, Jaume Piera, Ruben Quesada, Jordi Catalan Jan 2006

Estimation Of Nonlocal Turbulent Mixing Parameters Derived From Microstructure Profiles, Jaume Piera, Ruben Quesada, Jordi Catalan

Journal of Marine Research

The present study proposes a new method for estimating nonlocal mixing parameters from microstructure data processing. The method could be particularly useful in studies of biological-physical interactions at small scale because it overcomes some of the limitations of the eddy diffusivity concept when dealing with the complex vertical pattern of biological and chemical tracers. The proposed method obtains empirically the coefficients of the transilient matrix, this being the discrete descriptor used in nonlocal mixing closure. The estimation is based on microstructure data analysis, in particular Thorpe displacement profiles, and includes three main steps: turbulent patch identification within each profile, turbulent …

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Transfer Of Particulate Matter From The Northwestern Mediterranean Continental Margin: Variability And Controlling Factors, M. Guarracino, B. Barnier, P. Marsaleix, X. Durrieu De Madron, A. Monaco, K. Escoubeyrou, J. C. Marty Jan 2006

Transfer Of Particulate Matter From The Northwestern Mediterranean Continental Margin: Variability And Controlling Factors, M. Guarracino, B. Barnier, P. Marsaleix, X. Durrieu De Madron, A. Monaco, K. Escoubeyrou, J. C. Marty

Journal of Marine Research

Long-term observations of monthly downward particle fluxes and hourly currents and temperature were initiated in 1993 in two canyons of the continental margin of the Gulf of Lion. The goals of this survey were to estimate its contribution to the CO2 global budget and to understand the role of forcing factors in the control of present-day particle exchange across this margin. A previous statistical analysis of the long-term time series suggested that variability in the transfer of particulate matter to the deep ocean could be the result of the effect of the meandering of the Northern Current and by …

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