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Meteorology

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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 2497

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Sedimentation Rates In The Slope Water Of The Northwest Atlantic Ocean Measured Directly With Sediment Traps, Gilbert T. Rowe, Wilford D. Gardner Jan 1979

Sedimentation Rates In The Slope Water Of The Northwest Atlantic Ocean Measured Directly With Sediment Traps, Gilbert T. Rowe, Wilford D. Gardner

Journal of Marine Research

Four sedi ment trap arrays we re deployed in the Slope Water off the northeast United States for periods of 5.8 to 15.8 days from May to August 1976. Three traps, each a PVC cylinder 25 cm in diameter and 76 cm tall, were attached a t va rious distances above the bottom along bottom-anchored moorings. Closure of the individu al traps and release of each array from its expend able anchor was co ntrolled by a Williams Timed Release or an AMF acoustic release. DSRV ALVIN, making observations of one array, closed those traps and released that array from …

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Low Frequency Sea Level Variability On The Middle Atlantic Bight, Dong-Ping Wang Jan 1979

Low Frequency Sea Level Variability On The Middle Atlantic Bight, Dong-Ping Wang

Journal of Marine Research

Low-frequency sea level fluctuations on the Mid-Atlantic Bight, from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras, and their relations to wind forcing were examined over a one-year (1975) period. The dominant sea level fluctuations occurred at time scales of 4 days, and they were coherent over the entire Bight. On the other hand, sea levels were not coherent between the southern (south of Kiptopeake B.) and northern part at shorter time scales....

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Ecological Implications Of Fecal Pellet Size, Production And Consumption By Copepods, Gustav-Adolf Paffenhöfer Jan 1979

Ecological Implications Of Fecal Pellet Size, Production And Consumption By Copepods, Gustav-Adolf Paffenhöfer

Journal of Marine Research

The volume of fecal pellets produced by the calanoid copepods Temora turbinata and Eucalanus pileatus increases with increasing weight of the copepod. Pellets produced by nauplii of E. pileatus are eaten by adult females of the same species at about the same rates as phytoplankton which has a volume simil ar to that of the pellets (105 µm3). Pellet production rates of juveniles, being generally in the range of 80 to 120 pellets produced • copepod-1 • 24 h-1, change little with increasing body weight....

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An Equatorial Transect Of The Indian Ocean, Charles Curtis Eriksen Jan 1979

An Equatorial Transect Of The Indian Ocean, Charles Curtis Eriksen

Journal of Marine Research

A hydrographic survey made from 95E to 50°30'E between 1N and 1S in December 1976- January 1977 indicates zonal pressure gradients as high as 10-4 dynes/g (pressure increasing to the east) in the near-surface. These are the strongest large-scale zonal pressure gradients measured in any equatorial ocean to date. A large volume of anomalously saline water was found along the equator east of the Maldive Islands....

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The Response Of An Equatorial Ocean To Simple Wind Stress Patterns: I. Model Formulation And Analytic Results, Mark A. Cane Jan 1979

The Response Of An Equatorial Ocean To Simple Wind Stress Patterns: I. Model Formulation And Analytic Results, Mark A. Cane

Journal of Marine Research

A simple model is developed to study the wind-driven equatorial ocean circulation. It is a time dependent, primitive equation, beta plane model that is two-dimensional in the horizontal. The vertical structure consists of two layers above the thermocline with the same constant density. The ocean below the thermocline is taken to be of a higher constant density and to be approximately at rest. The surface layer is of constant depth and is acted upon directly by the wind....

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The Response Of An Equatorial Ocean To Simple Wind Stress Patterns: Ii. Numerical Results, Mark A. Cane Jan 1979

The Response Of An Equatorial Ocean To Simple Wind Stress Patterns: Ii. Numerical Results, Mark A. Cane

Journal of Marine Research

The model developed by Cane (1978) is used to study the wind-driven circulation in an equatorial ocean.· Simple wind stress patterns are imposed and the model evolution and eventual steady state are calculated· numerically. Both linear and fully nonlinear responses are discussed; dynamical arguments are presented to account for the principal features....

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On Some Factors Influencing Dissolved Silicon Distribution Over The Northwest African Shelf, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti Jan 1979

On Some Factors Influencing Dissolved Silicon Distribution Over The Northwest African Shelf, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti

Journal of Marine Research

Nitrate concentrations in the upwelling source waters observed near Cabo Corbeiro during the JOINT-I experiment were more than twice as high as dissolved silicon concentrations, but dissolved silicon concentrations in the surface layers fell below 0.5 µg-atoms...

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Fluorescence Spectral Signatures: The Characterization Of Phytoplankton Populations By The Use Of Excitation And Emission Spectra, Charles S. Yentsch, Clarice M. Yentsch Jan 1979

Fluorescence Spectral Signatures: The Characterization Of Phytoplankton Populations By The Use Of Excitation And Emission Spectra, Charles S. Yentsch, Clarice M. Yentsch

Journal of Marine Research

The early trichromatic method of chlorophyll analysis featured the possibility of distinguishing abundance of chloroplastic pigments specific to phyla of algae in the population. The method was not successful however, because in natural populations there are major interferences due to pigments or their degradation products....

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Energetics Of The Kuroshio South Of Japan, David Szabo, Georges L. Weatherly Jan 1979

Energetics Of The Kuroshio South Of Japan, David Szabo, Georges L. Weatherly

Journal of Marine Research

Historical GEK data are used to estimate the flow of energy from the mean current to the fluctuations for the surface of the Kuroshio in a region south of Japan. The horizontal transfer components of kinetic energy and temperature variance are calculated and are found to be similar to estimates for the Florida Current....

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Community Structure And Species Diversity Of The Sedimentary Reefs Constructed By Petaloproctus Socialis (Polychaeta: Maldanidae), W. Herbert Wilson Jr. Jan 1979

Community Structure And Species Diversity Of The Sedimentary Reefs Constructed By Petaloproctus Socialis (Polychaeta: Maldanidae), W. Herbert Wilson Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

The macrofaunal community associated with the gregarious tube-building maldanid polychaete Petaloproctus socialis was monitored by monthly sampling from September, 1975 to November, 1976. The community is high in species diversity and species richness with 165 species found. 30% of the 210 pairwise combinations of 21 of the most abundant species showed significant positive correlations of their abundances. Few negative correlations of abundance were seen....

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Sediment Trapping By Chaetopterid Polychaetes On A Hawaiian Fringing Reef, Julie H. Bailey-Brock Jan 1979

Sediment Trapping By Chaetopterid Polychaetes On A Hawaiian Fringing Reef, Julie H. Bailey-Brock

Journal of Marine Research

The role of chaetopterid polychaetes in determining sediment grain-size composition and community structure on a south shore fringing reef flat of Oahu, Hawaii was examined. Quantitative samples taken from within and adjacent to dome-shaped mounds of chaetopterid tubes along a shore to seaward gradient were analyzed for grain size and fauna! composition.....

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The Response Of A Marine Bacterium To Cupric Ion And Its Use To Estimate Cupric Ion Activity In Seawater, William G. Sunda, Paul A. Gillespie Jan 1979

The Response Of A Marine Bacterium To Cupric Ion And Its Use To Estimate Cupric Ion Activity In Seawater, William G. Sunda, Paul A. Gillespie

Journal of Marine Research

Experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between the response of a bacterial isolate to copper, as measured by cellular incorporation of 14C-glucose, and the complexation of copper by organic ligands. Inhibition of glucose incorporation was dependent on the cupric ion activity and independent of the concentration of organic complexes of copper both in UV-treated seawater (36‰) containing different concentrations of a model chelator, nitrilotriacetate (NTA), and in low salinity media (1.8‰) containing varied amounts of commercially-prepared or river-borne humic compounds....

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Poleward Heat Flux And Conversion Of Available Potential Energy In Drake Passage, Harry L. Bryden Jan 1979

Poleward Heat Flux And Conversion Of Available Potential Energy In Drake Passage, Harry L. Bryden

Journal of Marine Research

Energetic fluctuations of periods longer than a day are found to transport heat poleward in the Drake Passage. Heat fluxes due to these low-frequency motions are large enough to account for all of the poleward heat transport across the pol ar front necessary to balance the heat Jost to the atmosphere by waters around the Antarctic continent....

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Equatorially Trapped Rossby-Gravity Wave Propagation In The Gulf Of Guinea, R. H. Weisberg, A. Horigan, C. Colin Jan 1979

Equatorially Trapped Rossby-Gravity Wave Propagation In The Gulf Of Guinea, R. H. Weisberg, A. Horigan, C. Colin

Journal of Marine Research

Equatorially trapped vertically propagating Rossby-gravity waves have been observed in the Gulf of Guinea. Analyses of their kinematics, dynamics, and energetics are presented. The particular packet considered had band central values for period, zonal wavelength, and vertical wavelength of 31 days, 1220 km, and 990 m respectively. The phase propagation was westward and upward while the energy flux was eastward and downward. The calculated trapping (efolding) scale was 210 km. Therefore, the waves were unaffected by the zonal African coast situated some 500 km to the north....

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Gulf Of Maine Intermediate Water, T. S. Hopkins, N. Garfield Iii Jan 1979

Gulf Of Maine Intermediate Water, T. S. Hopkins, N. Garfield Iii

Journal of Marine Research

The thermohaline dynamics of the Gulf of Maine are analyzed from the two year, eight cruise, data set of Colton, Marak, Nickerson, and Stoddard (1968). Six water masses are described : the M aine Surface Water, Maine Intermediate Water, and the Maine Bottom Water as interior water masses; and the Scotian Shelf Water, the Slope Water, and the Georges Bank Water as exterior water masses. P articular attention is given to the formation and disposition of the Maine Intermediate Water....

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A Mass Balance For 137cs And 90sr In The North Atlantic Ocean, S. L. Kupferman, H. D. Livingston, V. T. Bowen Jan 1979

A Mass Balance For 137cs And 90sr In The North Atlantic Ocean, S. L. Kupferman, H. D. Livingston, V. T. Bowen

Journal of Marine Research

The total inventory of 137Cs(3272 kCi) and 90Sr(2257 kCi) in the North Atlantic Ocean in 1972, as well as the subinventories in the 0 to 1000 m, 1000 to 2000 m, 2000 m to bottom layers, continental shelf waters and bottom sediments, have been estimated. We have been careful to provide reliable estimates of uncertainty for each of these values. We have also estimated the inputs of 137Cs to the Atlantic Ocean as direct fallout (2065 kCi), or as ocean current transport (240 kCi) since the start of large scale nuclear testing....

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Correlation Between Acoustic Scatterers And Temperature Gradient, G. T. Kaye Jan 1979

Correlation Between Acoustic Scatterers And Temperature Gradient, G. T. Kaye

Journal of Marine Research

A correlation has been found between acoustic scattering intensity at 87.5 kHz and smallscale vertical temperature gradients. Prior to the rise of the Sound Scattering Layer (SSL), there was a positive correlation, which persisted for about an hour after the upward evening SSL migration. After this time a diffuse downward migration was observed until the correlation was significantly negative. Possible rationales for this behavior are suggested.

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Anomalous Nutrient-Chlorophyll Interrelationships In The Offshore Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, William H. Thomas Jan 1979

Anomalous Nutrient-Chlorophyll Interrelationships In The Offshore Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, William H. Thomas

Journal of Marine Research

In the nutrient-rich offshore areas of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, chlorophyll levels were 4-10 times lower than might be expected if all the inorganic nitrogen had been assimilated. Three hypotheses are examined to explain this anomaly: 1) nitrate may be upwelled faster than it is assimilated; 2) the algae may be grazed to lower levels by herbivores; and 3) minor nutrients other than nitrate, phosphate, or silicic acid may be limiting....

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Seasonal Variation Of The Equatorial Zonal Geopotential Gradient In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Mizuki Tsuchiya Jan 1979

Seasonal Variation Of The Equatorial Zonal Geopotential Gradient In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Mizuki Tsuchiya

Journal of Marine Research

Evidence is presented to show that the zonal westward geopotential gradient along the equator in the eastern Pacific between 95W and 120W exhibits a seasonal variation with vanishingly low values in March-May and high values (5 × 10-7 m s-2) in June-July followed by a gradual decrease toward the end of the year. This variation is found to be in phase with the seasonal variation of the westward component of the wind stress near the equator, which also shows low values in northern spring and high values in northern summer and fall.

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Flux Measurements On Salt Fingers At An Interface, Raymond W. Schmitt Jr. Jan 1979

Flux Measurements On Salt Fingers At An Interface, Raymond W. Schmitt Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

A series of two-layer, heat-salt fingering experiments were performed in a one meter deep insulated tank. Repeated profiling of the temperature and conductivity with a small probe allowed the calculation of the vertical fluxes of heat and salt….

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On Computing The Absolute Geostrophic Velocity Spiral, David W. Behringer Jan 1979

On Computing The Absolute Geostrophic Velocity Spiral, David W. Behringer

Journal of Marine Research

Recently, Stommel and Schott (1977) have proposed a method for computing absolute geostrophic current spirals from observations of the density field alone . Some applications of the method have led to ambiguous results in which the computed spirals have depended on the depth range of the data used....

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A Note On Time-Dependent Spectra For Chlorophyll Variance, Robert E. Wilson, Akira Okubo, Wayne E. Esaias Jan 1979

A Note On Time-Dependent Spectra For Chlorophyll Variance, Robert E. Wilson, Akira Okubo, Wayne E. Esaias

Journal of Marine Research

Observations of the distribution of chlorophyll a along transects in central Long Island Sound have shown that the variance spectrum for chlorophyll can change significantly with time. The relative importance of growth and spectral transfer in producing observed changes in the chlorophyll spectrum is discussed in light of the dynamic equation for the spectrum of a passive contaminant (Hinze, 1975).

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The Supply And Use Of Organic Material At The Deep-Sea Floor, Kenneth R. Hinga, J. Mcn. Sieburth, G. Ross Heath Jan 1979

The Supply And Use Of Organic Material At The Deep-Sea Floor, Kenneth R. Hinga, J. Mcn. Sieburth, G. Ross Heath

Journal of Marine Research

Sediment traps and benthic respirometers have been used to measure the supply of particulate materials to, and the use of organic material by the North Atlantic deep-sea benthos. The area of the sea floor less than 2 kilometers deep is relatively small but accounts for 85% of the total oceanic benthic oxygen consumption, which reflects the primary productivity of the surface waters....

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Marine Copepod Fecal Pellets: Production, Preservation And Sedimentation, Susumu Honjo, Michael R. Roman Jan 1978

Marine Copepod Fecal Pellets: Production, Preservation And Sedimentation, Susumu Honjo, Michael R. Roman

Journal of Marine Research

Production, preservation and sedimentational aspects of common marine copepod fecal pellets were studied in order to understand the transport of organic and inorganic material from the surface to the deep sea. Fecal pellets were obtained from laboratory cultures of Calanus finmarchicus, Acartia tonsa and A. clausi fed several species of coccolithophores (approximately 10 µm in diameter) and diatoms (approximately 6 µm and 50 µm in diameter)....

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Limits Of Nematoscelis Megalops In The Northwestern Atlantic In Relation To Gulf Stream Cold Core Rings. Ii. Physiological And Biochemical Effects Of Expatriation, Steven H. Boyd, Peter H. Wiebe, James L. Cox Jan 1978

Limits Of Nematoscelis Megalops In The Northwestern Atlantic In Relation To Gulf Stream Cold Core Rings. Ii. Physiological And Biochemical Effects Of Expatriation, Steven H. Boyd, Peter H. Wiebe, James L. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

Nematoscelis megalops, a cold water euphausiid commonly found in Northwestern Atlantic Slope Water, is frequently transported in the cores of Gulf Stream cyclonic rings into the Sargasso Sea. The inner core made of cold Slope Water gradually assumes physical and biological characteristics of the surrounding Sargasso Sea. These changes gradually lead to a localized extinction of this species in the core of the ring. Samples of N. megalops taken from the same ring at 6 and 9 months after its formation show a weakened physiological and biochemical condition....

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On The Advective Model Of The Thermocline Circulation, P. F. Hodnett Jan 1978

On The Advective Model Of The Thermocline Circulation, P. F. Hodnett

Journal of Marine Research

A theoretical study is made of the motion in the thermocline region of a large ocean. It is assumed that motion takes place under geostrophic and hydrostatic balance and that heat is transferred by convection only. Proper account is taken of the earth's spherical geometry. A class of solutions of the mathematical problem is derived and one of these, an inverse power solution, is discussed in detail. The solution does not satisfy all the details of the known physical situation but shows reasonable qualitative agreement with it....

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Relationship Between Ferromanganese Nodule Compositions And Sedimentation In A Small Survey Area Of The Equatorial Pacific, S. E. Calvert, N. B. Price, G. R. Heath, T. C. Moore Jr. Jan 1978

Relationship Between Ferromanganese Nodule Compositions And Sedimentation In A Small Survey Area Of The Equatorial Pacific, S. E. Calvert, N. B. Price, G. R. Heath, T. C. Moore Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

The bulk chemical compositions of ferromanganese nodules recovered from 14 of 38 sediment cores collected from a 230 km2 area of abyssal hill topography in the northern equatorial Pacific (8°20'N; 153W; regional depth 5000m) vary nonrandornly between fairly wide limits. The nodules have Mn/Fe ratios ranging from 2.60 to 5.38 and all samples contain todorokite and 8-MnO2. The variation in the Mn/Fe ratio is governed by the total Fe contents of the nodules; Mn varies to a much smaller extent. Cu and Ni contents average about 1% and vary independently of the Mn contents....

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Model Of World Ocean Circulation: Iii. Thermally And Wind Driven, George Veronis Jan 1978

Model Of World Ocean Circulation: Iii. Thermally And Wind Driven, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

A model of world ocean circulation driven by wind-stresses and differential heating is developed for a two-layer ocean with idealized boundaries and constant depth. The principal focus of the present study is the determination of the magnitudes and locations of localized sources and sinks of upper-layer water. The effect of differential heating is parameterized here by a uniform upwelling of deep water through the interface (thermocline)....

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Updated Charts Of The Mean Annual Wind Stress, Convergences In The Ekman Layers, And Sverdrup Transports In The North Atlantic, Ants Leetmaa, Andrew F. Bunker Jan 1978

Updated Charts Of The Mean Annual Wind Stress, Convergences In The Ekman Layers, And Sverdrup Transports In The North Atlantic, Ants Leetmaa, Andrew F. Bunker

Journal of Marine Research

From the wind stress computation of Bunker (1976) for the North Atlantic, the annual mean and seasonal vertical velocities which result from convergences in the Ekman Layers are computed. Charts of the geostrophic and total transport (geostrophic plus Ekman) are constructed using the Sverdrup relationship. Of particular interest are an intense current leaving the coast at the point where the Gulf Stream separates and a cyclonic gyre north of the Stream in this area....

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The Tide In Coastal Waters, Alfred C. Redfield Jan 1978

The Tide In Coastal Waters, Alfred C. Redfield

Journal of Marine Research

The tide in many straits and embayments between New York and the Bay of Fundy may be described by theoretical equations based on the interference of a progressive wave entering at one end of the reach with, in the case of straits, a second wave entering at the opposite end or, in the case of embayments, a second wave arising from the reflection of this wave from a barrier at the head of the embayment....

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